Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1987.

Thesis (doctoral)--University of Göteborg, 1992. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1987.

Thesis (doctoral)--University of Göteborg, 1992. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

Feeding biomechanics and foraging behavior are likely contributors to loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) bycatch in the pelagic longline fishery. To investigate these contributions, loggerhead bite performance was measured in several size classes of captive-reared juveniles, captive sub-adults and adults, as well as wild loggerheads. A kinematic study was conducted to investigate loggerhead interactions with modified longline hooks. Kinematic and behavioral variables were assessed in relation to five longline hooks to determine if loggerhead feeding behavior is modulated relative to hook type, size, and offset. The bite force study demonstrated that mean maximum post-hatchling bite force was 2.5N and mass was the best predictor of post-hatchling bite force. Mean maximum bite force of juveniles with mean straight carapace length (SCL) of 12, 31, 44, and 65 cm were 27, 152, 343, and 374 N, respectively. Sub-adult and adult mean maximum bite force was 575 N. Maximum bite force had a positive linear relationship with all head and body morphometrics (P<0.001). Carapace width was the best predictor of bite force throughout ontogeny. The kinematic study demonstrated no differences between hook treatments in all kinematic variables analyzed. The results of this study suggest loggerhead feeding behavior may be stereotypical. Only 33% of all interactions resulted in “hooking” events. “Hooking” was lowest in 16 gage circle hooks with no offset and the 18 gage circle hooks with 10°offset which may be indicative of a lower possibility of the turtle drowning. “Hooking” was highest in the 16 gage circle hooks with 10°offset. The proportion of turtles “hooked” in the mouth was significantly greater than those “hooked” in the throat (P=0.001). Sixteen gage circle hooks with 10° offset had the highest percentage of throat “hooking”, and the 18 gage circle hooks without offset resulted in the lowest percentage of throat hooking. When interacting with J hooks with a 25° offset (9 gage), turtles mostly oriented their head away from the hook offset; however, when interacting with the 16 and 18 gage circle hooks with 10° offset, turtles mostly oriented their heads toward the hook offset. These data suggest that turtles may distinguish between small and large offsets, and may modulate their feeding behavior accordingly. Alternatively, turtles may be detecting hook size or hook shape. A more thorough characterization of loggerhead bite performance and feeding kinematics will be useful when developing or modifying longline fishery gear aimed at reducing loggerhead bycatch.

Feeding biomechanics and foraging behavior are likely contributors to loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) bycatch in the pelagic longline fishery. To investigate these contributions, loggerhead bite performance was measured in several size classes of captive-reared juveniles, captive sub-adults and adults, as well as wild loggerheads. A kinematic study was conducted to investigate loggerhead interactions with modified longline hooks. Kinematic and behavioral variables were assessed in relation to five longline hooks to determine if loggerhead feeding behavior is modulated relative to hook type, size, and offset. The bite force study demonstrated that mean maximum post-hatchling bite force was 2.5N and mass was the best predictor of post-hatchling bite force. Mean maximum bite force of juveniles with mean straight carapace length (SCL) of 12, 31, 44, and 65 cm were 27, 152, 343, and 374 N, respectively. Sub-adult and adult mean maximum bite force was 575 N. Maximum bite force had a positive linear relationship with all head and body morphometrics (P<0.001). Carapace width was the best predictor of bite force throughout ontogeny. The kinematic study demonstrated no differences between hook treatments in all kinematic variables analyzed. The results of this study suggest loggerhead feeding behavior may be stereotypical. Only 33% of all interactions resulted in “hooking” events. “Hooking” was lowest in 16 gage circle hooks with no offset and the 18 gage circle hooks with 10°offset which may be indicative of a lower possibility of the turtle drowning. “Hooking” was highest in the 16 gage circle hooks with 10°offset. The proportion of turtles “hooked” in the mouth was significantly greater than those “hooked” in the throat (P=0.001). Sixteen gage circle hooks with 10° offset had the highest percentage of throat “hooking”, and the 18 gage circle hooks without offset resulted in the lowest percentage of throat hooking. When interacting with J hooks with a 25° offset (9 gage), turtles mostly oriented their head away from the hook offset; however, when interacting with the 16 and 18 gage circle hooks with 10° offset, turtles mostly oriented their heads toward the hook offset. These data suggest that turtles may distinguish between small and large offsets, and may modulate their feeding behavior accordingly. Alternatively, turtles may be detecting hook size or hook shape. A more thorough characterization of loggerhead bite performance and feeding kinematics will be useful when developing or modifying longline fishery gear aimed at reducing loggerhead bycatch.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1955.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-07-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:31:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gomes_is_me_sjc.pdf: 801296 bytes, checksum: 2526ffb1511ce379c2b5d5a4874f5b70 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A função mastigatória é um dos mais complexos mecanismos neuropsicológicos no desempenho motor humano, dependendo de vários fatores como força de mordida, coordenação dos músculos, morfologia e número de dentes em oclusão. O objetivo desse trabalho é quantificar a força mastigatória máxima e analisar eletromiograficamente os músculos elevadores mandibulares de pacientes dentados totais (n=52) e reabilitados com prótese total (PT) (n=28) e prótese parcial removível (PPR) (n=27), a fim de verificar a influência de diferentes tratamentos reabilitadores na força mastigatória e atividade dos músculos masseter e temporal. A coleta dos dados de força de mordida (FM) e atividade eletromiográfica (EMG) foi realizada em triplicata em repouso e em contração isométrica através de um transdutor de força de mordida (desenvolvido pelos autores) e um eletromiógrafo EMG-800c de oito canais (EMG System do Brasil Ltda). Outras variáveis como gênero, idade, peso, estresse, prática de atividade física, lado preferencial da mastigação, formato facial e consistência da alimentação também foram levantadas e comparadas às variáveis FM e EMG em função dos grupos experimentais. Os valores de força de mordida (em Kgf) e os sinais eletromiográficos (em voltagem RMS) dos músculos masseter e temporal direito e esquerdo foram submetidos à estatística descritiva e comparados em função dos grupos experimentais por meio do teste estatístico de Análise de Variância 1 fator (ANOVA) e ao teste Tukey com nível de significância de 5%. Com relação à FM, o grupo controle (51,49 ± 16,24)A apresentou média estatisticamente superior (p=0,00<0,05) ao grupo PPR(28,45 ± 15,43)B e PT (13,11 ± 7,69)C . Com relação à EMG, em repouso... / The chewing is one of the most complex neuropsychological mechanisms in human motor performance, depending on various factors such as bite force, muscle coordination, morphology and number of teeth in occlusion. The aim of this study is to quantify the maximum bite force and analysis electromyographic of the jaw elevators muscles of dentate patients (n = 52) and rehabilitated with complete denture (CD) (n = 28) and removable partial dentures (RPD) (n = 27) in order to check the influence of different rehabilitation treatments in bite force and activity of the masseter and temporal. Data collection of bite force (BF) and electromyographic activity (EMG) was performed in triplicate at rest and during isometric contraction with a bite force transducer (developed by the authors) and an electromyograph EMG-800c eight-channel (EMG System do Brazil Ltda.) Other variations such as gender, age, weight, stress, physical activity, preferred side of chewing, facial shape and consistency of supply were also raised compared to variables BF and EMG as a function of the experimental groups. The values of bite force (kgf) and the electromyographic signals (RMS voltage) of the masseter and temporal right and left were subjected to descriptive statistics and compared on the basis of the experimental groups using the statistical test of a factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test at a significance level of 5%. With respect to BF, the control group (51.49 ± 16.24) had statistically significant higher (p = 0.00 <0.05)A than PPR group (28.45 ± 15.43)B and PT (13 , 11 ± 7.69)C. Regarding the EMG at rest showed no statistical difference between any of the muscles (p> 0.05). In isometric contraction, however, the control group... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Resumo: A função mastigatória é um dos mais complexos mecanismos neuropsicológicos no desempenho motor humano, dependendo de vários fatores como força de mordida, coordenação dos músculos, morfologia e número de dentes em oclusão. O objetivo desse trabalho é quantificar a força mastigatória máxima e analisar eletromiograficamente os músculos elevadores mandibulares de pacientes dentados totais (n=52) e reabilitados com prótese total (PT) (n=28) e prótese parcial removível (PPR) (n=27), a fim de verificar a influência de diferentes tratamentos reabilitadores na força mastigatória e atividade dos músculos masseter e temporal. A coleta dos dados de força de mordida (FM) e atividade eletromiográfica (EMG) foi realizada em triplicata em repouso e em contração isométrica através de um transdutor de força de mordida (desenvolvido pelos autores) e um eletromiógrafo EMG-800c de oito canais (EMG System do Brasil Ltda). Outras variáveis como gênero, idade, peso, estresse, prática de atividade física, lado preferencial da mastigação, formato facial e consistência da alimentação também foram levantadas e comparadas às variáveis FM e EMG em função dos grupos experimentais. Os valores de força de mordida (em Kgf) e os sinais eletromiográficos (em voltagem RMS) dos músculos masseter e temporal direito e esquerdo foram submetidos à estatística descritiva e comparados em função dos grupos experimentais por meio do teste estatístico de Análise de Variância 1 fator (ANOVA) e ao teste Tukey com nível de significância de 5%. Com relação à FM, o grupo controle (51,49 ± 16,24)A apresentou média estatisticamente superior (p=0,00<0,05) ao grupo PPR(28,45 ± 15,43)B e PT (13,11 ± 7,69)C . Com relação à EMG, em repouso... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The chewing is one of the most complex neuropsychological mechanisms in human motor performance, depending on various factors such as bite force, muscle coordination, morphology and number of teeth in occlusion. The aim of this study is to quantify the maximum bite force and analysis electromyographic of the jaw elevators muscles of dentate patients (n = 52) and rehabilitated with complete denture (CD) (n = 28) and removable partial dentures (RPD) (n = 27) in order to check the influence of different rehabilitation treatments in bite force and activity of the masseter and temporal. Data collection of bite force (BF) and electromyographic activity (EMG) was performed in triplicate at rest and during isometric contraction with a bite force transducer (developed by the authors) and an electromyograph EMG-800c eight-channel (EMG System do Brazil Ltda.) Other variations such as gender, age, weight, stress, physical activity, preferred side of chewing, facial shape and consistency of supply were also raised compared to variables BF and EMG as a function of the experimental groups. The values of bite force (kgf) and the electromyographic signals (RMS voltage) of the masseter and temporal right and left were subjected to descriptive statistics and compared on the basis of the experimental groups using the statistical test of a factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test at a significance level of 5%. With respect to BF, the control group (51.49 ± 16.24) had statistically significant higher (p = 0.00 <0.05)A than PPR group (28.45 ± 15.43)B and PT (13 , 11 ± 7.69)C. Regarding the EMG at rest showed no statistical difference between any of the muscles (p> 0.05). In isometric contraction, however, the control group... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Clovis Pagani / Coorientador: José Benedito Oliveira Amorim / Banca: Eduardo Galera da Silva / Banca: Rubens Côrte Real de Carvalho / Mestre

Objetivo: Avaliar a força de mordida (FM) em crianças com fissura labiopalatina (FLP) reparada. Material e Métodos: Cento e cinquenta crianças, com idade entre 6-12 anos, com e sem FLP, foram divididos em 5 grupos: 1) grupo controle (CON) : 34 crianças sem FLP; 2) grupo com fissura pré-forame incisivo (FPré): 31 crianças com fissura envolvendo o pré-maxila; 3) grupo FLP transforame incisivo unilateral (FTU): 36 crianças com FLP transforame incisivo unilateral completa; 4) grupo FLP transforame incisivo bilateral (FTB): 32 crianças com FLP transforame incisivo bilateral completa; e 5) grupo fissura pós-forame incisivo (FPós): 17 crianças com fissura pós-forame incisivo completa. A FM, expressa em Kgf, foi avaliada por meio de gnatodinamômetro (IDDK, Kratos, Cotia, SP, Brasil). Foram feitas 3 medidas consecutivas, com um intervalo de 1 minuto entre elas, para evitar a fadiga do voluntário. A medida mais elevada foi considerada para análise. Para os grupos CON, FTB, FPré e FPós, a FM foi obtida na região anterior e posterior da maxila. Para o grupo FTU, FM foi avaliada nas regiões anterior e posterior de ambos os segmentos, a fim de se distinguir os valores de FM em regiões diferentemente afetadas pela presença da fissura. As diferenças entre os grupos foram avaliadas através do teste ANOVA de medidas repetidas. O teste de Tukey foi utilizado para aferir correlação entre as variáveis. Para a correlação entre FM e idade, foi utilizado o teste de Correlação de Pearson. Em todos os casos, foram considerados significativos valores de p<0.05. Resultados: Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre a FM posterior do grupo CON (30,7±9,2) e dos grupos FPré (35,3±11,6), FTU (lado fissurado: 26,5±10,7 e lado não-fissurado: 29,6±10,0), FTB (25,6±5,9) e FPós (29,1±12,0). Entretanto, valores de FM significantemente maiores foram observados no grupo FPré, quando comparado a FTU e FTB. Não foram observadas diferenças significantes entre o lado fissurado e não fissurado do grupo FTU. Finalmente, em todos os grupos, os valores de FM da região anterior da maxila foram menores, quando comparados à região posterior. Conclusão: Neste trabalho os valores de FM em crianças com FLP foram equivalentes àqueles encontrados em crianças sem essa anomalia. / Objective: To assess the bite force (BF) of children with repaired cleft lip and palate (CLP) Design: One hundred and fifty children, aged 6-12 years, with and without CLP, were divided into the following 5 groups: 1) control group (CON): 34 children without CLP; 2) cleft lip group (CL): 31 children with cleft lip involving the pre-maxilla; 3) unilateral CLP group (UCLP): 36 children with complete unilateral CLP; 4) bilateral CLP group (BCLP): 32 children with complete bilateral CLP; and 5) cleft palate group (CP): 17 children with complete cleft palate. BF, expressed in Kgf, was assessed with a gnathodynamometer (IDDK, Kratos, Cotia, SP, Brazil), before alveolar bone grafting. For CON, BCLP, CL and CP groups, BF was obtained in the anterior and posterior region of the maxilla. For the UCLP group, BF was assessed in the anterior and posterior regions of both segments. Differences among groups were evaluated by ANOVA test, and Tukeys test was used to assess any correlations among variables. Correlation between BF and age were assessed using Pearson Product-Moment Correlation. In all cases, values of p < 0.05 were considered for analysis. Results: Contrary to what was expected, no differences of posterior BF were observed among CON group (30.7 ± 9.2) and CL (35.3 ± 11.6), UCLP (cleft side: 26.5 ± 10, 7 and noncleft side: 29.6 ± 10.0), BCLP (25.6 ± 5.9) and CP (29.1 ± 12.0) groups. However, a stronger BF was observed in the CL group when compared to the UCLP and BCLP groups. Next, no differences were observed between the cleft side and the noncleft side in the UCLP group. Lastly, in all groups, BFs from the anterior region of the maxilla were less when compared to the posterior regions. Conclusion: The BF of children with CLP is no different from children without CLP.