Inaug.-diss.--Tübingen. / "Literaturverzeichnis": v p. at end.

Inaug.-diss.--Tübingen. / "Literaturverzeichnis": v p. at end.

No description available.

These: Faculté des lettres de Paris. / Book-plate of Charles Henri Auguste Schefer.

The objective of this thesis is to show that by separating the two major anthropogenic changes caused in riverine input to the north shore of the Black Sea, it is possible to describe distinct linkages between ongoing ecological changes in the Black Sea, and 1) flow reduction, and 2) nutrient load increase. An attempt is made to quantify the pertinent changes in the inputs of water, salt, and nutrients by modelling individual fluxes over time. The results of these computations are used to argue how the ecology of the Black Sea may be realistically partially restored to something like its former productivity. The origins of input changes to this system are evaluated in terms of their sources. The economic and social costs that will be involved in altering the quality and quantity of those inputs to allow recovery of the Black Sea are examined along with the benefits that may accrue through the restoration of water quality, fisheries and tourism. Mechanisms that may be relevant in the process of achieving the alteration of the inputs are discussed. / Graduation date: 1996

Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Wilmington, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 99-104)

Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Wilmington, 2006.

In the early 1980s Bulgarian archaeologists of the newly established Centre for Underwater Archaeology at Sozopol discovered the remains of a post-medieval ship in the southern Bay of Kitten, in the lee of Cape Urdoviza. Between 2000 and 2003, the Institute of Nautical Archaeology at Texas A&M University and a team from the Bulgarian Centre for Underwater Archaeology returned to the site to complete the first excavation of a post-medieval shipwreck in the Black Sea. The well-preserved vessel, lost in the reign of the Ottoman Sultan Selim III (1789-1807), featured constructional characteristics seen in Iberian shipbuilding tradition, such as scarfed floors and futtocks and filling pieces between the frames. Analysis of the Kitten ship permitted the author to reconstruct the whole-molding process used by the shipwright to build the vessel. The futtock-floor hook-scarphs appear to be the identifying part of the molding process. Morphologically identical scarfs have also been observed on Mediterranean wrecks such as Culip VI (14th century), Yassiada (16th century) and Sardineax (17th century), which suggests that the Kitten ship is a very late example of a Mediterranean-wide shipbuilding tradition that developed in the Middle Ages and from which the Atlantic vessel descended. It also points that the Black Sea maritime culture was an integral part of Mediterranean seafaring tradition. The dissertation offers an overview of the artifact assemblage raised from the Kitten shipwreck. Fragments of an iconostas prove that at the time of sinking the vessel was operated by Christians. The smoking paraphernalia found on the wreck provides opportunity to correct the dating of some pipe bowl types proposed by previous scholars. Personal belongings open a window into the life of the crew of a Black Sea merchantman. Although the ethnicity of the crew cannot be determined at this time, a group of copper galley ware suggests that they may have been Bulgarian. An unsolved mystery is presented by the presence of a navigational instrument, probably an octant, on board.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität des Saarlandes, 1997. / Title from title screen (viewed June 5, 2001). Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

The study of Russo-Turkish relations has enough historic interest because it covers many aspects of the Eastern Question. The Russo-Turkish war of 1768-1774 was the point where the course of the Russo-Turkish relations changed. During the previous decades, Russia tried to establish its position in the south and it was quite successful after capturing Azov in 1696. However, the Turks managed to gain Azov back from the Russians (1711) and maintained their supremacy in the Black Sea. By the end of the war (1774) the Turks lost Crimea which became an independent state. On the other hand, the Russians gained considerable territorial, religious and commercial advantages over the Turks. From the diplomatic point of view, the triangle between Russia, Turkey and major European states (Britain/France) functioned in the most disharmonious way. Having similar interests, Russia and the states of Western Europe struggled for which country would gain more out of Turkey. Turkish diplomacy had no alternatives other than offering more and more financial and territorial interests to France or Britain every time Turkey was threatened by Russia. In exchange Turkey managed to get protection, mainly from France. That becomes quite obvious in the writings of Lord Cathcart (the British ambassador in St. Petersburg during the period 1768-1773) where the issue for French diplomacy was the preservation of the Ottoman Empire. The Russian triumph over the Turks in 1774 was in a large degree caused by the efficiency of its armed forces which were ready to face the consequences of a long war on three fronts: Moldavia, Crimea and Greece (Peloponnese and the Aegean islands). In the meantime, the Russian diplomacy under the guidance of Panin gained every advantage it could get out of this war without making any serious compromises with either the Turks or with France or Britain.