Orientador: Julian Martinez / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T23:53:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Machado_AnaPauladaFonseca_M.pdf: 16373539 bytes, checksum: f53317f4e6ab35edd8a0c99170b4a457 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A amora-preta é um fruto rico em compostos fenólicos, com destaque para os pigmentos antociânicos. Além do consumo in natura, a amora-preta é utilizada industrialmente na fabricação de sucos e derivados. Entretanto, este processamento gera cerca de 10 % de resíduos sólidos que contêm ainda uma grande porcentagem de fitoquímicos do fruto. Visando ao aproveitamento desse subproduto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi obter extratos ricos em seus principais compostos bioativos, os polifenóis, empregando a técnica limpa de extração com líquido pressurizado (PLE). Para isso, primeiramente, o bagaço da polpa da amora-preta foi caracterizado quanto ao teor de fenólicos totais (FT), antocianinas monoméricas (AM), atividade antioxidante (AA), pH, sólidos solúveis totais (SS) e composição centesimal. Em seguida, foram realizadas PLE¿s usando 3 temperaturas (60, 80 e 100 ºC) e 4 diferentes solventes (água, água acidificada a pH 2,5, etanol e mistura de etanol e água 50 %), resultando em 12 diferentes ensaios. Nos processos de extração por PLE foram fixados a pressão (75 bar), a razão S/F (18,0), o tempo de corrida (30 min) e a massa de matéria-prima (5,0 g). Posteriormente, foram identificadas as antocianinas majoritárias e minoritárias nos extratos subcríticos por cromatografia líquida de ultra performance (UPLC-QToF-MS). Além da técnica PLE, realizou-se a técnica clássica de extração Soxhlet juntamente com a maceração, com o intuito de comparar os resultados obtidos por estas com os obtidos na melhor condição de PLE. Ainda na melhor condição de extração por PLE foi realizada a cinética de extração em três diferentes vazões de solvente (1,67; 3,35 e 6,70 mL/min). Os extratos obtidos pelas diferentes técnicas foram avaliados em termos do rendimento global (X0), FT, AM e AA. A caracterização da matéria-prima mostrou que a mesma é altamente rica em proteínas, carboidratos, fibras e compostos bioativos (polifenóis), constituindo-se em uma boa fonte calórica e alimentícia, o que possibilita sua potencial aplicação na indústria alimentícia. Em geral, observou-se que o aumento da temperatura de 60 para 100 ºC resultou em melhores valores das variáveis respostas, com exceção da AM, em que se observou uma leve diminuição. A análise por UPLC-QToF-MS mostrou que as antocianinas presentes em maior quantidade no resíduo são a cianidina-3-glicosídeo e a cianidina-3-rutinosídeo e as minoritárias são a cianidina-3-malonil-glicosídeo e a cianidina-3-dioxalil-glicosídeo. A condição que se considerou como a melhor foi a que utilizou a mistura hidroetanólica como solvente de extração, na temperatura de 100 ºC. As variáveis respostas nesta condição obtiveram os seguintes valores: FT = 7,36 EAG/g resíduo fresco (RF), AM = 1,02 EC3G/g RF, DPPH = 76,03 ET/g RF, ABTS = 68,28 ET/g RF e X0 = 6,33 %. Comparando estes valores com os obtidos pelas técnicas convencionais (Soxhlet e maceração), em geral estes foram maiores. Os estudos dos parâmetros cinéticos indicam que vazões baixas são mais interessantes de se trabalhar quando se emprega mistura hidroetanólica em altas temperaturas (100 ºC) via procedimento PLE. Diante de tudo isso, pode-se concluir que a técnica PLE pode ser uma alternativa promissora na extração de compostos antioxidantes / Abstract: Blackberry is a fruit rich in phenolic compounds, especially in anthocyanins. Besides its consumption as fresh fruit, blackberry is used industrially in the manufacture of juices and derivatives. However, this process generates about 10 % of solid residue, which still contains a large amount of phytochemicals. In order to add value to these wastes, the aim of this study was to obtain extracts rich in blackberry¿s major bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, by employing the clean technique of pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). First, bagasse pulp of blackberry was characterized with respect to total phenolic content (PC), monomeric anthocyanins (MA), antioxidant activity (AA), pH, total soluble solids (SS) and chemical composition. Then, PLEs were carried out using three temperatures (60, 80 and 100 °C) and 4 different solvents (water, acidified water with pH 2.5, ethanol and a mixture of ethanol and water 50%), resulting in 12 different assays. In the extraction processes by PLE some parameters were fixed: pressure (75 bar), ratio S/F (18.0 g solvent/g fresh residue), running time (30 min) and mass of raw material (5.0 g). Subsequently, the major and minor anthocyanins were identified in subcritical extracts by Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-QTOF-MS). Besides PLE, classical Soxhlet extraction technique and maceration were performed in order to compare the results with those obtained in the best condition of PLE. Also, at the best conditions of PLE, extraction kinetics were determined at three different flow rates (1.67, 3.35 and 6.70 mL/min). The extracts obtained by the different techniques were evaluated in terms of global yield (X0), PC, MA and AA. The characterization of the raw material showed that it is highly rich in protein, carbohydrates, fiber and bioactive compounds (polyphenols). Thus, blackberry is a good and caloric food source, which enables its potential application in the food industry. In general, it was observed that the increase of temperature from 60 to 100 °C resulted in better values for the response variables, except for the MA, in which a slight decrease was observed. The analysis by UPLC-QToF-MS showed that cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside are the major anthocyanins present in blackberry residues. Cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-malonyl-3-dioxalil-glucoside are the anthocyanins present in lower levels. The condition that was considered the best of all tested in the present work was the one that used hydroethanolic mixture as the extraction solvent, at a temperature of 100 ºC. The values of the response variables in this condition were: PC = 7.36 EAG/g fresh residue (FR), MA = 1.02 EC3G/g (RF), DPPH = 76.03 TE/g FR, ABTS = 68.28 TE/g FR and X0 = 6.33 %. Comparing these values with those obtained by conventional techniques (Soxhlet and maceration), they were generally higher. Studies of the kinetic parameters indicated that is more interesting to work with low flow rates when employing hydroethanolic mixture at high temperatures (100 °C) via PLE procedure. Therefore, the PLE technique may be a promising alternative for the extraction of antioxidants from food matrices / Mestrado / Engenharia de Alimentos / Mestra em Engenharia de Alimentos

Smartphones are one of the most popular technology gadgets on the market today. The number of devices in the world is growing incredibly fast and they have today taken an important place in many person's everyday life. They are small, powerful, always connected to the Internet and they are usually containing a lot of personal information such as contact lists, pictures and stored passwords. They are sometimes even used as login tokens for Internet bank services and web sites. Smartphones are, undoubtedly, incredible devices! But are smartphones secure and is stored information safe? Can and should these devices be trusted to keep sensitive information and personal secrets? Every single day newspapers and researcher warns about new smartphone malwares and other security breaches regarding smartphones. So, are smartphones safe to use or are they a spy's best friend in order to surveil a person? Can a user do anything to make the device more secure and safe enough to use it in a secure manner? All these questions are exactly what this paper is about! This paper is addressing two popular smartphone platforms, iOS and BlackBerry OS, in order to evaluate how secure these systems are, what risks that occur when using them and how to harden the platform security to make these platforms as secure and safe to use as possible. Another aim of this paper is to discuss and give suggestions on how a separate and dedicated hardware token can be used to improve the platform security even further. In order to evaluate the security level of these platforms, a risk and threat analysis has been made as well as some practical testing to actually test what can be done. The test part consists mostly of a proof-of-concept spyware application implemented for iOS and an IMSI-catcher used to eavesdrop on calls by using a rogue GSM base transceiver station. The implemented spyware was able to access and transfer sensitive data from the device to a server without notifying the user about it. The rogue base station attack was even scarier since with only a few days work and equipment for less than $1500 can smartphones be tricked to connect to a rogue base station and all outgoing calls can be intercepted and recorded. The risk analysis resulted in not less than 19 identified risks with mixed severity of the impact. Some configurations and usage recommendation is given in order to prevent or mitigate these risks to make the usage of these platforms safer. The aim of suggesting how a hardware token can be used to strengthening these platforms have been a bit of failure since no really working suggestion has been possible to give. It is a result of that these systems are tightly closed for modification by third parties, and such modifications are needed in order to implement a working hardware token. However, a few partial suggestions for how such a token can work are given. The result of this work indicates that neither iOS nor BlackBerry OS is entirely secure and both need to be configured and used in a correct way to be safe for the user. The benefits of a hardware token should be huge for these systems but the implementations that are possible to do is not enough and it might not be of interest to implement a hardware token for these systems at the moment. Some of the identified risks require the attacker to have physical access to the device and this can only be prevented if the user is careful and acts wisely. So, if you want to use high technology gadgets such as smartphones, be sure to be a smart user!

A Wearable Mobility Monitoring System (WMMS) can be an advantageous device for rehabilitation decision-making. This thesis presents the design and evaluation of a proof-of-concept WMMS that uses the BlackBerry Smartphone platform. A Java program was developed for the BlackBerry 9550, using the integrated tri-axial accelerometer, Global Positioning System sensor (GPS), CMOS digital video camera, and timer to identify change-of-state (CoS) among static states, dynamic states, small activity of daily living (ADL) movements, and car riding. Static states included sitting, lying, standing, and taking an elevator. Dynamic states included walking on level ground, walking on stairs, and walking on a ramp. Small activity of daily living movements included bathroom activities, working in the kitchen, and meal preparation. Following feature extraction from the sensor data, two decision trees were used to distinguish CoS and mobility activities. CoS identification subsequently triggered video recording for improved mobility context analysis during post-processing.

La consommation d'aliments riches en ellagitannins (ETs) pourrait être associée principalement à la prévention des maladies cardiovasculaires et la régulation des cancers hormono-dépendants. Néanmoins, les ETs ne sont pas biodisponibles en tant que tel et, après avoir été partiellement transformés en acide ellagique (EA) dans le tractus gastro-intestinal (GI) supérieur, ils sont métabolisés dans le côlon par la flore intestinale en urolithines, un groupe de molécules plus biodisponibles et bioactives qui peuvent persister jusqu'à 4 jours à des concentrations relativement élevées dans le plasma et l'urine. La variabilité de l'excrétion des urolithines dans l'urine est importante et à partir d'un échantillon de population de 26 volontaires sains, trois groupes principaux d'individus ont pu être distingués : "faible ou non-excréteur d'urolithin », « Excréteur prédominant d'UA et dérivés» et « Excréteur prédominant d'UB et dérivés»". Ces groupes ont également été observés en considérant la cinétique totale d'excrétion sur une période de 4 jours après ingestion du jus et à des périodes différentes tout au long d'une année. Bien que les variabilités inter-et intra-individuelles soient relativement élevées, les individus conservent leur statut au cours des différentes périodes d'intervention même en modifiant les quantités d'ETs ingérées. L'analyse par UPLC-PDA/ESI-Q-TOF/MS2 a permis d'attribuer hypothétiquement une identité à 15 autres métabolites d'ETs dans l'urine, mais le profilage métabolomique n'a pas permis de discriminer d'autres composés exceptés les dérivés d'UA ou d'UB. La fermentation in-vitro des ETs et EA, par les matières fécales a montré une voie métabolique spécifique qui débouche sur la production d'UA. Néanmoins, les métabolites excrétés in vivo sont beaucoup plus complexes ce qui met en évidence de fortes interactions entre le système excréteur de l'hôte et la composition du microbiote intestinal. La recirculation hépatique suivie par une re-conversion des métabolites de phase II dans le côlon permettrait d'expliquer l'excrétion d'UB chez certains volontaires. L'écologie spécifique de la flore intestinale évaluée par la méthode des empreintes PCR-DGGE a permis d'identifier quelques microorganismes associés à une plus grande capacité de bioconversion des ETs en urolithins / Consumption of dietary ellagitannins (ETs) could be associated mainly with prevention of cardiovascular diseases and regulation of hormone-dependent cancers. Nonetheless, ETs are not bioavailable as such; therefore, after being partially converted into ellagic acid (EA) in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, they undergo sequential bioconversion in the colon by gut microbiota into urolithins, a more bioavailable and bioactive group of molecules that persist up to 4 days at relatively high concentrations in urine. Variability of urolithin excretion in urine is high and three main groups, “no or low urolithin excreters,” “predominantly UA derivatives excreters” and “predominantly UB derivatives excreters,” were observed on a cohort of 26 healthy volunteers. These categories were also unambiguously observed following the total excretion of main ETs' metabolites over a 4 day period after ingesting one shot of juice, and at different periods of time along one year. Although relatively high inter- and intra-individual variabilities were observed, individuals preserved their status during various intervention periods with different amounts of ETs ingested. UPLC-PDA and ESI-Q-TOF/MS1 and MS2 allowed the tentative assignment of an identity to 15 other ETs metabolites in urine, but this profiling did not allow the discrimination of any other compounds aside from UA or UB derivatives. In-vitro fermentation of ETs and EA with fecal stools showed a specific metabolic pathway ending in the production of UA. Nonetheless, metabolites excreted in-vivo are much more complex, highlighting strong interactions between host excretory system and composition of gut microbiota. Hepatic recirculation and additional bioconversion of Phase II metabolites in the colon may explain predominant excretion of UB in some volunteers. Microbiota ecology assessed by PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprint method allowed the association of some microorganism species to higher capacity of bioconversion of dietary ETs into urolithins.Key words: Ellagitannins, blackberry, urolithin, colonic metabolites, ETs degradation patterns, gut microbiota, gastrointestinal tract,

Unternehmen setzen täglich eine Vielzahl von, im Enterprise Sektor etablierten, Systemen ein. Sie müssen zum Beispiel Fertigungsprozesse steuern, Informationen analysieren sowie ein sicheres Kundenmanagement, eine sichere Datenhaltung und Kommunikation realisieren. Sie greifen dabei auf Systeme zum Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) und Supply Chain Management (SCM) zurück. Ein Aspekt, der bis vor wenigen Jahren vernachlässigt wurde und nun von den Unternehmen entdeckt wird, ist die Mobilität. Sie stellt neue Herausforderungen an die IT-Infrastruktur und zwingt die großen Software-Hersteller wie IBM, Oracle, SAP und HP, neue skalierbare Ansätze für mobile Endgeräte zu integrieren. Die Mobilität wird in diesem Dokument als Sektor innerhalb der Informationstechnik verstanden, geprägt durch das Management von mobilen Geräten, Anwendungen und Inhalten mit Hilfe dedizierter Systeme, auch bezeichnet als mobile Systeme oder Plattformen.

No description available.

The incidences of diabetes are on the constant rise, and thus need an alternative dietary approach to improve glucose metabolism in type II diabetes patients. Fruits and vegetables have long been known for their beneficial fiber, phenolics and antioxidants, and by incorporating these dietary components into our everyday diet have proven beneficial in controlling the glucose metabolism. In this study, Prime-Jan and Kiowa blackberry cultivars were evaluated for their anti-diabetic properties using a variety of in vitro assays. Overall, the Kiowa blackberry reigned supreme over the Prime-Jan blackberry in the majority of functionality assays, more specifically alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, total soluble phenolics and DPPH free radical scavenging activity. In an attempt to incorporate anti-hypertensive properties into this study, we chose to integrate the Bartlett pear, known as the most widely consumed pear in the United States and recognized for its moderate ACE inhibition. Our results indicated a combination of 70% pear to 30% blackberry as the most beneficial ratio for exhibiting high alpha-amylase (96.5%) and alpha-glucosidase inhibition (95.6%). Additionally, the 70/30 combination exhibited high DPPH free radical scavenging activity (80.7%), total soluble phenolics (1.9 mg/g FW), while also maintaining moderately high ACE inhibition (25.2%). Therefore, there is vast potential for a combination of 70% pear to 30% blackberry to serve as a beneficial alternative in the diet of patients suffering from type 2 diabetes.

Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that has a worldwide prevalence which is expected to rise dramatically over the course of the next thirty years. The disease has reached pandemic stages of development in many cultures, most notably in developing countries, followed somewhat closely by developed countries with access to an overabundance of refined carbohydrates and fat (refined oils). T2DM is a condition that can be prevented or managed, but not cured; therefore a method of stymieing the development of this disease is paramount to halting its progressively increasing morbidity. In this study, bartlett pear and kiowa blackberry were investigated in relation to their ability to modify and improve both glucose metabolism and hypertension management with in vitro assay models. Effectiveness and bioactive functionality was evaluated by various in vitro assays to study the properties of: 100% bartlett pear juice, 100% kiowa blackberry juice and a ratio of 70:30 pear: blackberry juice found to have increased phenolic properties due to synergy in previous studies. These assays aimed at determining: alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition, total soluble phenolic content and antioxidant capabilities. These juices were also fermented with Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacterium longum, common yogurt culture strains, to investigate if fermentation would improve the bioactive functionality of pear: blackberry synergies. A secondary goal of the experiment was to investigate if these fruit juices could prevent the growth of Helicobacter pylori, which is a common bacterium found in the stomach which can lead to cancer.

No description available.

While some research has been done on the influence of music lyrics on sexual behaviors in general, none has explored the lyrical influence on sexting. The goal of the current study is to explore the longitudinal influence of sexual and sexually objectifying lyrics on adolescent sexting behaviors. Participants were 125 14-year-old adolescents who were recruited from high schools in Texas. Participants completed questionnaires on music preferences, sexual behaviors and impulsivity and were given BlackBerry devices through which frequency of sexual text message utterances was obtained. Music preferences were then quantitatively analyzed using the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count (LIWC) software. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the influence of both sexual and sexually objectifying lyrics on sexting behavior. Additionally, biological sex and impulsivity were explored as moderators. Analyses revealed that 40.65% of adolescents participated in some form of sexting at Time 3 (42.81% at Time 1) but that music lyrics had little direct influence on sexting. However, biological sex appeared to moderate the relationship between sexual lyrics and sexting such that males were much more likely to participate in sexting when exposed to sexual lyrics where females were not. These and other results are discussed as well as implications for parents and the need for further research on sexting and the behavioral influence of musical lyrics.