A Wearable Mobility Monitoring System (WMMS) can be an advantageous device for rehabilitation decision-making. This thesis presents the design and evaluation of a proof-of-concept WMMS that uses the BlackBerry Smartphone platform. A Java program was developed for the BlackBerry 9550, using the integrated tri-axial accelerometer, Global Positioning System sensor (GPS), CMOS digital video camera, and timer to identify change-of-state (CoS) among static states, dynamic states, small activity of daily living (ADL) movements, and car riding. Static states included sitting, lying, standing, and taking an elevator. Dynamic states included walking on level ground, walking on stairs, and walking on a ramp. Small activity of daily living movements included bathroom activities, working in the kitchen, and meal preparation. Following feature extraction from the sensor data, two decision trees were used to distinguish CoS and mobility activities. CoS identification subsequently triggered video recording for improved mobility context analysis during post-processing.

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A Wearable Mobility Monitoring System (WMMS) can be an advantageous device for rehabilitation decision-making. This thesis presents the design and evaluation of a proof-of-concept WMMS that uses the BlackBerry Smartphone platform. A Java program was developed for the BlackBerry 9550, using the integrated tri-axial accelerometer, Global Positioning System sensor (GPS), CMOS digital video camera, and timer to identify change-of-state (CoS) among static states, dynamic states, small activity of daily living (ADL) movements, and car riding. Static states included sitting, lying, standing, and taking an elevator. Dynamic states included walking on level ground, walking on stairs, and walking on a ramp. Small activity of daily living movements included bathroom activities, working in the kitchen, and meal preparation. Following feature extraction from the sensor data, two decision trees were used to distinguish CoS and mobility activities. CoS identification subsequently triggered video recording for improved mobility context analysis during post-processing.

Despite the significant advances that have been made in traffic sensor technologies, there are only a few systems that provide measurements at the trip level and fewer yet that can do so for all travel modes. On the other hand, traditional methods of collecting individual travel behavior (i.e. manual or web-based travel diaries) are resource intensive and prone to a wide range of errors. Moreover, although dedicated GPS loggers provide the ability to collect detailed travel behavior data with less effort, their use still faces several challenges including the need to distribute and retrieve the logger; the potential need to have the survey participants upload data from the logger to a server; and the need for survey participants to carry another device with them on all their trips. The widespread adoption of smart phones provides an opportunity to acquire travel behavior data from individuals without the need for participants to record trips in a travel diary or to carry dedicated recording devices with them on their travels. The collected travel data can then be used by municipalities and regions for forecasting the travel demand or for analyzing the travel behavior of individuals. In the current research, a smart phone based travel behavior surveying system is designed, developed, and pilot tested. The custom software written for this study is capable of recording the travel characteristics of individuals over the course of any period of time (e.g. days or weeks) and across all travel modes. In this system, a custom application on the smart phone records the GPS data (using the onboard GPS unit) at a prescribed frequency and then automatically transmits the data to a dedicated server. In the server, the data are stored in a dedicated database to be then processed using trip characteristics inference algorithms. The main challenge with the implemented system is the need to reduce the amount of energy consumed by the device to calculate and transmit the GPS fixes. In order to reduce the power consumption from the travel behavior data acquisition software, several techniques are proposed in the current study. Finally, in order to evaluate the performance of the developed system, first the accuracy of the position information obtained from the data acquisition software is analyzed, and then the impact of the proposed methods for reducing the battery consumption is examined. As a conclusion, the results of implemented system shows that collecting individual travel behavior data through the use of GPS enabled smart phones is technically feasible and would address most of the limitations associated with other survey techniques. According to the results, the accuracy of the GPS positions and speed collected through the implemented system is comparable to GPS loggers. Moreover, proposed battery reduction techniques are able to reduce the battery consumption rate from 13.3% per hour to 5.75% per hour (i.e. 57% reduction) when the trip maker is non-stationary and from 5.75% per hour to 1.41% per hour (i.e. 75.5% reduction) when the trip maker is stationary.

La mûre tropicale de montagne (Rubus adenotrichos Schltdl.) est largement cultivée et consommée au Costa Rica. Cependant, il existe peu de recherches scientifiques sur ce fruit. Par conséquent, nos travaux ont pour but de valoriser la mûre au travers de l’étude de ses activités biologiques sur le syndrome métabolique. Le jus microfiltré de mûre a démontré être riche en polyphénols (377,5 équivalents d’AG/100g), spécialement en ellagitanins (90,39-141,89 équivalents d’AE/100g) et anthocyanes (56,93-73,31 équivalents de cyanidine-3-glucoside/100g). Le pouvoir antioxydant du jus de mûre a été déterminé par les méthodes ORAC (4253,53 µmol ET/100g), FRAP (4703,84 µmol ET/100g), ABTS (1,075 μmol ET/100g) et LPO (15,88 µM de hydroperoxyde) et par des mesures de la capacité antioxydante des enzymes superoxyde dismutase (767,33 U/ml) et catalaseCAT (70,33 nmol/min/ml). Le jus de mûre a inhibé la production du NO induite par LPS+IFNγ lorsqu'il a été utilisé comme prétraitement sur les cellules J774A.1. L’inhibition a été de 51,95% pour le jus de mûre à 1000 g/ml, sans affecter ni la viabilité cellulaire ni la concentration de protéines dans les cellules. Cette activité antiinflammatoire a été confirmée par la diminution du taux de la synthase inductible de l'oxyde nitrique dans ces mêmes cellules par une analyse Western Blot. Cette étude a utilisé un modèle in vivo pour évaluer l'effet de la consommation du jus de mûre chez des rats insulino-résistants. L'apport en mûre a provoqué une diminution des triglycérides sériques (-50,2%), du cholestérol total (-15,6%), du cholestérol LDL (-48,2%) et de la pression artérielle systolique des rats par rapport aux témoins, sans influencer les concentrations de cholestérol HDL ni la glycémie. L’effet hypotenseur du jus a été confirmé par une réduction de la pression artérielle diastolique de 54,2% lors de la mesure de la pression artérielle après l’injection du jus de mûre chez le rat anesthésié. L’effet du jus de mûre chez homme a été évalué lors d’un essai clinique avec des patients dislypidémiques, après lequel on a observé une réduction significative du tour de taille, du glucose, de la pression artérielle diastolique et des triglycérides (-20,3%) chez les patients qui ont consommé du jus de mûre à 40% v/v durant 6 semaines. En outre, lors de la fermentation du jus de mûre costaricienne avec des levures du type Saccharomyces cerevisiae, la teneur en sucres (glucose, fructose et saccharose) a été réduite presque totalement au bout de 10 jours et le séchage par atomisation d’un jus fermenté avec 10% de maltodextrine 6DE et 1% de Aerosil, à un débit de pulvérisation de 3 ml/min et avec un débit d’air chaud (150°C) de 650 L/h garantit l’obtention d’une poudre avec un rendement élevé de séchage. Enfin, cette étude suggère que la mûre Rubus adenotrichos présente un bénéfice potentiel sur la santé, spécialement contre toutes les pathologies liées au syndrome métabolique. Mots clés: Rubus adenotrichos, mûre, jus microfiltré, syndrome métabolique, dyslipidémie, antioxydante, antiinflammatoire, hypotension / Tropical highland blackberry (Rubus adenotrichos Schltdl.) is widely cultivated and consumed in Costa Rica. However, there is little scientific research on this fruit. Therefore, our work aims to enhance blackberry importance through the study of its biological activity on the metabolic syndrome.Blackberry microfiltered juice has been shown to be rich in polyphenols (377.5 GA equivalents /100g), especially ellagitannins (from 90.39 to 141.89 EA equivalents/100g) and anthocyanins (from 56.93 to 73, 31 equivalents of cyanidin-3-glucoside/100g). The antioxidant power of blackberry juice was determined by the ORAC (4253.53 µmol TE/100g), FRAP (4703.84 µmol TE/ 100g), ABTS (1.075 µmol TE/100g) and LPO (15.88 µmol of hydroperoxide) methods and by measuring the antioxidant capacity of superoxide dismutase (767.33 U/ml) and catalase (70.33 nmol/min/ml) enzymes.Blackberry juice inhibited NO production induced by LPS+IFN gamma when used as a pretreatment on J774A.1 cells. Inhibition was 51.95% for the blackberry juice at 1000 µg/ml, without affecting neither cell viability nor the concentration of proteins in J774A.1 cells. The anti-inflammatory activity has been confirmed by the decrease in the rate of inducible nitric oxide synthase in these cells by Western blot analysis.This study used an in vivo model to assess the effect of blackberry juice consumption in insulin-resistant rats. The intake of blackberry caused a decrease in serum triglycerides (-50.2%), total cholesterol (-15.6%), LDL cholesterol (-48.2%) and in the systolic blood pressure of rats compared to controls, without affecting HDL cholesterol or blood sugar levels. The hypotensive effect of the juice has been confirmed by a reduction of 54.2% of the diastolic blood pressure in the measurement of blood pressure after injection of the blackberry juice in the anesthetized rat.The effect of blackberry juice on humans was evaluated in a clinical trial with patients suffering dyslipidemia, after which a significant reduction in waist circumference, glucose, diastolic blood pressure and triglycerides (-20,3%) was observed in patients who consumed 40% v/v blackberry juice for 6 weeks.Also, during fermentation of blackberry juice with yeasts of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae type, the sugar content (glucose, fructose and sucrose) was reduced almost totally after 10 days and the spray drying of the fermented juice with 10% maltodextrin 6DE and 1% Aerosil, at a spraying rate of 3 ml/min and with a flow of hot air (150°C) of 650 L/h ensures to obtain a powder and a high efficiency in drying.Finally, this study suggests that the blackberry specie Rubus adenotrichos presents a potential health benefit, especially against all diseases related to metabolic syndrome.Keywords: Rubus adenotrichos, blackberry, microfiltered juice, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypotension

Magister Artium - MA / Contemporary research has pointed to the importance of social media in the lives of young people today. This project aims to explore the emerging discourse conventions and generic structures of chat conversations on social networking media applications such as MXit, BlackBerry Messenger (BBM) and WhatsApp. The data for this project was acquired from undergraduate students between first- and third-year of study at the University of the Western Cape across four years (2010-2012 and 2014). The data is of three types: instant messaging chats which were collected from 2010 to 2012, and questionnaires and a focus group interview which were conducted in 2014. The main theoretical frameworks used for this project are genre and register theory by Martin and Rose (2003), Eggins and Slade (1997), Chandler (1997), Eggins (2004), Halliday and Hasan (1985). Bock (2013) and Spilioti (2011) were also used for the chat analyses. In this project I argue that although generic structures in instant messaging (IM) are conventionalised they still show a great amount of hybridity and fluidity. One of the main findings illustrates how different participants choose to begin and end their chats, whether it is with or without a greeting, and although they may be flouting the conventions of IM chatting they are not necessarily considered to be impolite. Furthermore, the findings of this project explores how the evolution and advancement of technology has contributed to the style of chatting as well as the norms of instant messaging as a genre.

Over the last decade has been noted significant growth in the production of craft beer worldwide. By the increased purchasing power and the cultural changes of the population, consumers are becoming more demanding and interested in learning about the processes involved in the manufacture of food. With the infinite number of adjuncts that can be incorporated into the beer-making process, it is possible to obtain different products with specific characteristics. Aiming to this new demand for craft beers, the purpose of this research was to test the incorporation of blackberry fruit Cv. Tupy in the manufacturing process of craft beer unpasteurized, to develop a local product with high added value. Thus, four brewed beers were developed, with different concentrations of blackberry pulp (0, 10, 20 and 30%).The beverages were evaluated for their physical and chemical characteristics (total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, bitterness, color, total anthocyanins, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity), and subjected to sensory evaluation (sensory ordering tests) to determine the intensity of the pink color, fruity odor and sensory preference. The blackberry addition resulted in more acidic beers, as well as higher antioxidant activity, resulting from the migration of substances present in the fruit. The beer produced with 20 and 30% of blackberry pulp are more preferred compared to traditional beer. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the production of beer increased by blackberry pulp is presented as a possible alternative that allows producers to offer a higher value added product. / Ao longo da última década, tem-se observado um significativo crescimento na produção de cerveja artesanal em termos mundial. Em virtude do aumento do poder de compra e de modificações culturais da população, os consumidores estão cada vez mais exigentes e interessados em conhecer os processos envolvidos na fabricação dos alimentos. Com a infinidade de adjuntos que podem ser incorporados no processo de fabricação de cervejas, é possível obter diferentes produtos com características peculiares. Visando esta nova demanda de cervejas artesanais, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a incorporação de frutos de amora preta Cv. Tupy no processo de fabricação de cerveja artesanal não pasteurizada, a fim de desenvolver um produto de alto valor agregado. Assim, foram desenvolvidas quatro cervejas artesanais, acrescidas de diferentes concentrações de polpa de amora (0, 10, 20 e 30%). As bebidas foram avaliadas quanto às suas características físico-químicas (sólidos solúveis totais, acidez total titulável, amargor, cor, antocianinas totais, compostos fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante), e submetidas à avaliação sensorial (testes sensoriais de ordenação) para a determinação da intensidade da cor rosada, odor frutado e preferência sensorial. A adição de amora resultou em cervejas mais ácidas, assim com a maior atividade antioxidante, decorrente da migração das substâncias presentes na fruta. As cervejas produzidas com 20 e 30% de polpa de amora foram mais preferidas quando comparadas a cerveja tradicional. A partir dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que a produção de cervejas acrescidas de polpa de amora apresenta-se como uma possível alternativa que permite aos produtores oferecer um produto de maior valor agregado.

Orientador: Julian Martínez / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T21:27:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PasquelReategui_JoseLuis_M.pdf: 8336383 bytes, checksum: b7ad9ecdf456a9a9cb87e9ad15a92078 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A amora-preta (Rubus sp.) tem chamado a atenção de produtores e consumidores nos últimos anos, por ser uma boa fonte de compostos bioativos que oferece benefícios para a saúde. Os resíduos agroindustriais do processamento de amora geralmente têm demonstrado ser uma boa fonte de flavonoides, que são compostos fenólicos amplamente conhecidos pela sua atividade antioxidante. O presente trabalho teve como principal objetivo obter extratos a partir do bagaço de amora-preta usando CO2 supercrítico assistido por ultrassom. Assim, para a extração supercrítica com CO2 puro foi feito um desenho de tipo Box-Behnken, com três variáveis independentes, sendo elas a temperatura (40, 50 e 60 °C), pressão (15, 20 e 25 MPa) e potência ultrassônica (0, 200 e 400 Watts). A vazão de CO2 foi mantida constante em 2,77 x 10-4 kg/s, para todos os experimentos feitos com CO2 puro. O maior rendimento foi encontrado a 50 °C, 25 MPa e 400 Watts de potência ultrassônica. Após selecionada a melhor condição, foi realizado um estudo para determinar os parâmetros cinéticos do processo de extração supercrítica. A composição dos extratos foi avaliada por espectrofotometria, pela qual os maiores teores de fenólicos foram observados a 60 °C, 20 MPa e sem uso de ultrassom. Além disso, observou-se um aumento da atividade antioxidante a 60 °C, 15 MPa e 200 Watts de potência em relação aos demais resultados obtidos pela de extração supercrítica. A fim de comparar o rendimento e composição dos extratos foi adicionado cossolvente na extração supercrítica, na condição de 60 °C, 15 MPa e ultrassom de 200 Watts, selecionada com base na atividade antioxidante presente nos extratos obtidos com CO2 puro. Na avaliação do comportamento dos extratos obtidos pela extração supercrítica com cossolvente, observou-se uma melhoria no rendimento global quando foi empregado etanol a (10 % v/v). Por outro lado, o emprego de água a (10 % v/v) como cossolvente foi mais adequado para a recuperação de compostos fenólicos e atividade antioxidante a partir do bagaço de amora-preta seca triturada. Também foi observado que a matéria-prima sem pré-tratamento algum apresentou maior conteúdo de antocianinas nos extratos obtidos pela extração supercrítica com (5 % v/v) de água como cossolvente. A partir da análise por UPLC-QTOF-MS, foi possível identificar quatro antocianinas; duas majoritárias (Cianidina-3-glucosídeo e Cianidina-3-rutinosídeo) e duas minoritárias (Cianidina-3-malonil-glucosídeo e Cianidina-3-dioxalil-glucosídeo), presentes no bagaço de amora-preta. Por último, observou-se que o emprego de ultrassom provoca efeitos físicos nas paredes das células quando foi analisada a morfologia da matéria-prima antes e após as extrações por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) / Abstract: Blackberry (Rubus sp.) has attracted the attention of producers and consumers in recent years, since it is a good source of bioactive compounds that offers health benefits. Agro-industrial wastes resulting from blackberry processing have demonstrated to be a good source of flavonoids, which are phenolic compounds widely known for their antioxidant activity. The objective of this work was to produce extracts from blackberry bagasse using supercritical fluid extraction assisted by ultrasound. For the supercritical fluid extraction a Box-Behnken design was performed with extraction pressure (15, 20 and 25 MPa), temperature (40, 50 and 60 °C) and ultrasound output power (0, 200 and 400 W) as independent variables. The CO2 flow rate (2.77 x 10-4 kg/s) was maintained constant for all experiments done with pure CO2. The highest yield was found at 50 °C and 25 MPa with an ultrasound output power of 400 W. After selecting the best process condition, a study was done to determine the kinetic parameters of the supercritical extraction process. The composition of the extracts was estimated by spectrophotometry, and the highest quantities of phenolics compounds were observed at 60 °C and 20 MPa without ultrasound. Furthermore, an increase of the antioxidant activity was observed at 60 °C, 15 MPa and 200 W of ultrasound power in comparison to other results obtained by supercritical extraction. With the objective to compare the yield and the composition of the extracts a cosolvent was added in the supercritical extraction process, at the extraction conditions of 60°C, 15 MPa and 200 W; these process conditions were selected based on the antioxidant activity present in the extracts obtained with pure CO2. An enhancement in the overall yield was observed when ethanol (10 % v/v) was applied as cosolvent. On the other hand, the use of water (10 % v/v) as cosolvent was more appropriate for the recovery of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and antioxidant activity from dried milled blackberry bagasse. It was also observed that the raw material without any pretreatment showed higher content of anthocyanins in the extracts obtained by supercritical extraction with water (5 % v/v) as cosolvent. From the UPLC-QTOF-MS analyses, it was possible to identify four anthocyanins, two major anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside) and two minor anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-malil-glucoside and cyanidin-3-diaxial-rutinoside), present in the blackberry bagasse. Finally, when the morphology of the raw material was analyzed before and after the extraction by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was observed that the use of ultrasound produced physical changes in the cell walls / Mestrado / Engenharia de Alimentos / Mestre em Engenharia de Alimentos