CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A realidade escolar brasileira demonstra uma carÃncia de professores com formaÃÃo adequada para o trabalho com MÃsica em sala de aula. A lei 11.769/2008 ampliou essa demanda, tornando necessÃrio estabelecer condiÃÃes para a formaÃÃo musical docente, garantindo o alcance dos objetivos da legislaÃÃo. Nesse sentido, buscamos atravÃs deste estudo identificar a viabilidade do emprego da modalidade semipresencial, atravÃs de Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem â AVA, nesse processo formativo. A pesquisa teve como sujeitos os estudantes do curso de EducaÃÃo Musical da UFC, matriculados na disciplina de Harmonia 2 no semestre 2009.2. Adotou-se o modelo C(L)A(S)P de Swanwick (1988) como marco teÃrico para o planejamento das atividades, empregando o ambiente virtual SOCRATES, as quais envolveram o acesso a conteÃdos disponibilizados sob a forma de aulas online e a utilizaÃÃo das ferramentas de interaÃÃo do ambiente, a fim de viabilizar discussÃes acerca dos temas estudados. Assim, buscamos compreender como se desenvolveu o processo de aprendizagem musical dos sujeitos, bem como identificar os limites e as possibilidades que as ferramentas de interaÃÃo do ambiente impuseram a esse processo. A anÃlise dos dados revelou que, apesar das limitaÃÃes das ferramentas de interaÃÃo na representaÃÃo da notaÃÃo musical, os estudantes conseguiram atingir os objetivos de aprendizagem estabelecidos para a disciplina. Assim, observamos que o emprego da modalidade semipresencial se constitui em uma possibilidade efetiva para a formaÃÃo musical de professores. AlÃm disso, propomos a incorporaÃÃo de alguns recursos ao AVA, de forma a aperfeiÃoar o processo de ensino e aprendizagem de MÃsica na modalidade semipresencial. / The reality of Brazilian educational system demonstrates a lack of trained teachers to work with music in the classroom. The law 11.769/2008 expanded the demand, making it necessary to establish conditions for the musical training of teachers, ensuring the achievement of the objectives of the legislation. In this sense, we identify through this study the feasibility of using the blended mode, by Virtual Learning Environments - VLE, in this process of formation. The study had as subjects the students of Music Education from the UFC, attending the course of Harmony 2 in semester 2009.2. We adopted the model C(L)A(S)P, by Swanwick (1988), as a theoretical framework for planning activities, using the virtual environment SOCRATES, which involved access to content available in the form of online classes and usage of the environment interaction tools in order to facilitate discussions on the topics studied. Thus, we understand how it developed the process of musical learning of the subjects and identified the limits and possibilities that the environment interaction tools imposed on this process. Data analysis revealed that, despite the limitations of interaction tools in the representation of musical notation, students have achieved the learning objectives established for the discipline. We observed that the use of blended mode constitutes an effective possibility for the musical education of teachers. Furthermore, we propose the incorporation of some resources to VLE in order to improve the teaching and learning of music.

A presença das tecnologias digitais e da Internet vem se intensificando em diferentes contextos de nossas vidas: pessoal, profissional e acadêmico. Isso vem trazendo mudanças nas práticas sociais, e nos traz questionamentos, particularmente, sobre as influências das Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e da Comunicação (TDIC) e da Internet no processo de ensino-aprendizagem e nas práticas profissionais do professor. No contexto educacional, observamos a adoção de modalidades híbridas no ensino-aprendizagem, pela associação de aulas presenciais a Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem (AVA), o que traz para o professor o desafio de configurar sua sala virtual, de definir as atividades a serem realizadas com o uso de ferramentas e recursos do ambiente assim como a inclusão de tecnologias. Considerando todos esses aspectos, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi o de investigar como se deu a articulação das duas modalidades de ensino, presencial e virtual através das atividades propostas; a relação entre as atividades e o uso de ferramentas e participação dos alunos em relação ao uso do ambiente associado às aulas presenciais. Nossas reflexões se basearam no referencial teórico que discute a evolução das (Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação (TIC) (MONEREO; COLL, 2010); as características das TDIC (LÉVY, 1999; GABRIEL, 2013) e da Internet (CASTELLS, 2003); as orientações teórico-metodológicas que norteiam os cursos on-line (KENSKI; SCHULTZ, 2015); as características das ferramentas digitais e dos AVA (MONEREO; COLL, 2010; TORI 2010; FILATRO, 2008); as características do ensino híbrido (MORAN, 2015; VALENTE, 2014; NISSEN, 2007; STAKER; HORN, 2012; BACICH; TANZI NETO; TREVISAN, 2015) e a formação do professor para atuar nesses contextos (PERRENOUD, 2002, 2010; MAYRINK; ALBUQUERQUE-COSTA, 2013, 2017; MORAN, 2015). Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, realizamos um estudo do caso, de natureza qualitativa-interpretativista, que considera as especificidades do contexto, ou seja, a observação da sala virtual na Plataforma Moodle de uma disciplina de formação inicial de professores, de um curso de Graduação em Letras Francês/Português de uma universidade pública do estado de São Paulo. Os dados que constituem o corpus de análise desta pesquisa foram coletados por meio de anotações de observações das aulas presenciais; registros das telas do curso no Moodle; entrevista com a professora responsável pela disciplina; dois questionários com os alunos, o primeiro para constituição do perfil do grupo, e segundo para conhecer seu ponto de vista sobre a disciplina desenvolvida na modalidade híbrida. Os resultados de nossas análises mostraram que a modalidade híbrida pode ser concebida sob diferentes aspectos segundo o contexto no qual ele é proposto. No caso desta pesquisa, as particularidades da disciplina e da sala virtual conferiram ao trabalho realizado características voltadas à organização e funcionalidade dos dois espaços presencial e virtual assim como a valorização dos aspectos interativos e de autonomia dos alunos quando utilizaram as ferramentas do Moodle. A noção de híbrido permaneceu geral, de acordo com a definição de Tori (2015). A contribuição da pesquisa se dá no âmbito da formação de professores para atuar em contextos híbridos, na medida em que, é necessário reconhecer que cada vez mais as TDIC, estão integradas ao cotidiano do ensino-aprendizagem tornando possível o desenvolvimento de novas maneiras de ensinar e aprender próprias ao século XXI. / The presence of digital technologies and Internet has been intensifying in diferente contexts of our lives: personal, professional and academic. This has brought changes in social practices, and brings us questions, particularly, about the influences of Digital Technologies of Information and Communication (DTIC) and about the Internet in the teaching-learning process and in the professional practices of a teacher. In the educational context, we observe the adoption of blended-learning programs, by the association of in-person classes to Virtual Learning Environments (VLE), which brings to the teacher the challenge of configuring his virtual room, of defining the activities to be performed with the use of environmental tools and resources, as well as the inclusion of technologies. Considering all these aspects, the objective of this research was to investigate the articulation of two blended-learning programs, in-person and virtual, through the proposed activities; the relationship between the activities and use of tools and the participation of students in relation to the use of this kind of environment associated to in-person lessons. Our reflections were based on the theoretical framework that discusses the evolution of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) (MONEREO; COLL, 2010); the characteristics of DTIC (LÉVY, 1999; GABRIEL, 2013) and Internet (CASTELLS, 2003); the theoretical-methodological guidelines that guide the online courses (KENSKI; SCHULTZ, 2015); the characteristics of the digital tools and LVE (MONEREO; COLL, 2010; TORI, 2010; FILATRO, 2008); the characteristics of blended learning (MORAN, 2015; VALENTE, 2014; NISSEN, 2007; STAKER; HORN, 2012; BACICH; TANZI NETO; TREVISAN, 2015) and teacher training to work in these contexts (PERRENOUD, 2002, 2010; MAYRINK; ALBUQUERQUE-COSTA, 2013, 2015, 2017; MORAN, 2015). For the development of the research, we carried out a qualitative-interpretive nature case study that considers the particularities of the context, that is, the observation of the virtual room in the Moodle Platform of an initial teacher training course, from a Bachelor\'s degree in Language and Literature qualification in French and Portuguese at a public university in the state of São Paulo. The data that constitute the corpus of analysis of this research were collected through annotations and observations of in-person classes; prints of course screens in Moodle; interview with the responsible teacher for the discipline; two questionnaires with the students, the first one to form the profile of the group, and the second one to know their point of view about the discipline developed in the blendedlearning programs. The results of our analyzes point out that the blended-learning.

Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Applied Arts in Graphic Design, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2017. / The context of this research is blended learning, a pedagogical approach that is effectively used in higher education. This pedagogical approach integrates face-to-face and online learning activities. The research inquiry focused on the researcher’s teaching of second-year students studying a three-year degree in graphic design at a private college in Durban, South Africa. Two interconnected teaching and learning challenges were addressed: the effects of the time-constrained, face-to-face studio style approach to design education; and students’ limited capacity for critical reflection. The research opportunity was therefore to evaluate the effectiveness of a graphic design blended learning intervention for supplementing contact time and fostering critical reflection. In the tradition of action research, the study took a developmental approach. Drawing on research on critical reflection in design and approaches to blended learning, parameters for a blended learning intervention were established. The resulting blended learning framework was applied in three interconnected cycles of action research, as follows. First, cycle one served as a baseline analysis of students’ critical reflection before the intervention. The researcher recorded and analysed a group review, and a series of individual reviews with her students. These were analysed with two questions in mind: ‘what’: “What types of reflection do students engage in?”; ‘why’: “Why are the students reflecting in a particular way?”.Second, cycle two developed, implemented and analysed a blended learning strategy for critical reflection (BLSCR). This was guided by the blended learning framework parameters, and the findings from cycle one. Third, cycle three evaluated students’ perception of the BLSCR through a focus group discussion with the participants. The focus group findings were compared with those of cycle two. The main finding is that the study’s blended learning strategy for critical reflection (BLSCR) works to foster critical reflection, but refinement is needed to address the matter of supplementing contact time. The two main points of refinement are: Students need to be ready to learn (feel psychologically responsible for their own learning);Students need to know that they have learned, and what they have learned.The findings and conclusion then motivate for implementing these refinements in further interventions beyond the study. / M

Doctor of Philosophy / Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health / Edgar Chambers IV / Fortified blended foods (FBFs), which are the mixture of cereals and legumes fortified with micronutrients, have been widely used as supplementary foods for vulnerable populations such as infants and young children in developing countries around the world. The evaluation of current FBFs showed limited evidence on their effectiveness in treating childhood malnutrition, resulting the several recommendations on processing and formulation changes to improve their quality and ability to meet nutritional needs. Sensory properties are one of the important determinants for the success of the new FBFs. Therefore, sensory testing was conducted to determine the potential of novel FBFs to be used as supplementary food compared with FBF currently used in food aid programs. Descriptive sensory analysis was performed on novel FBFs along with the traditional FBF (Corn soy blend plus; CSB+) to determine sensory characteristics of each FBF. Results showed that novel FBFs had more pronounced toasted characteristics and higher sweetness than CSB+, due to the higher temperature during extrusion process and the addition of sugar in the novel formulation. In addition, novel FBFs that had higher amount of legumes (e.g. soybean, cowpea) in their formulations, especially for all sorghum cowpea blends, showed higher intensity in beany characteristics. Sensory shelf-life testing showed that novel FBFs could have shelf lives at least 2 years with no detection of off-note characteristics and these was comparable to the shelf life of the current FBF (CSB+). Sensory testing was also performed with target populations: children who eat the food and care givers who prepare it, during a 20-week field trial to determine the acceptability and preference of novel FBFs and current FBF. Results showed that all novel FBFs were highly preferred or accepted by children, even though, some of them might need longer time and more exposures to allow children to have more experience and be familiar with the food before being satisfied or preferred that food. In contrary, CSB+ that had bland flavor tended not to be well accepted and highly preferred by children compared to novel FBFs. Moreover, giving children more opportunities to consumed food prepared from CSB+ did not help to improve its acceptability or preference. Data from household visits and interview sessions showed that porridges prepared from novel FBFs required less cooking time than CSB+ and no additional ingredients needed to be added compared to CSB+ where sugar and milk were common additions. Finding from this research indicated that novel FBFs have high potential to be used successfully as supplementary food with comparable shelf life, and higher acceptability and preference to FBF currently used in food aid programs. In addition, the simple cooking of novel FBFs make them valuable to caregivers who have limited time and access to energy sources and nutrient-rich ingredients.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / There has been a global transformation of higher education institutions (HEIs) in response to a wave of dynamic education sector reforms; specifically, this is related to the adoption of educational technologies to enhance teaching-and-learning practices, education management, research and administration. This situation has placed a strain on HEIs in South Africa and elsewhere, due to changing societal expectations, the inevitable integration of technology, and specifically eLearning into traditional interventions; and at the same time, the increasing pressure on practitioners to deliver quality education. Equally important, the question arises whether Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is indeed constructively impacting teaching-and-learning practices. Consequently, a need has arisen for ePedagogy training and support for academics and students within challenging, complex HE settings. Within this context, the research has endeavoured to position the eLearning discourse within a global perspective; as well as to explore the theoretical underpinnings which impact the application of learning, and specifically eLearning. In particular, the merging of learning theories; different teaching and learning approaches, and technology that enables the creation of effective eLearning models and provides a more structured approach to the implementation of eLearning, were studied. Building on this theoretical basis, the importance and content of models within the discourse have highlighted the recent emphasis on the delivery of quality education. The principal thrust of this research was, therefore, to highlight the main developmental phases towards the creation of an Integrated eLearning model to influence organisational cultural change in Higher Education Institutions. The research was built on an in-depth case study of a large HEI, namely: the University of the Western Cape (UWC), over the period September 2005 to October 2011. This explorative, longitudinal study was undertaken because of the numerous “unsuccessful” or “incomplete” eLearning implementations in developing countries, as well as the many challenges faced by academics. As a result, the study explored the factors that contribute to the successful implementation of eLearning within the empirical setting of UWC, a complex higher education environment. This has been an accumulative exercise that started shortly before the establishment of the E-Learning Development and Support Unit (EDSU) and the ‘eLearning Awareness Campaign’ – reflecting on the deployment of a non-coercive approach to the implementation of eLearning and its impact on the organisational culture of the institution. The result was the development of an Online Course Creation model, which forms the core of phase 1 (September 2005 – December 2006) of the case study. Subsequently, phase 2 (January 2007 – August 2008) of the case study showcased gaps in the Online Course Creation model and emphasised that eLearning implementation in a complex higher education setting should go beyond the focus on ePedagogy with regard to effective online course creation. Hence, this second phase of the case study involved the development of a revised eLearning model, the Inclusive ePedagogy model. Consequently, phase 3 (September 2008 – October 2011) of the case study highlighted the main developmental stages implemented in the creation of a final Integrated eLearning model, and discussed how these integrated factors contribute to the implementation of eLearning, and ultimately, influence the organisational cultural change within UWC. Interaction with various stakeholders during the phases of the study included interviews and questionnaires. As a result thereof, the research reflected on the exponential growth of eLearning; improved attitudes and mindsets; strategic commitment for the infusion of technology and ePedagogy; and the institutional teaching and learning strategy. On the other hand, these results are in stark contrast to the lack of management in the development of the home-grown Open Source platform, coupled with intermittent access to internet connectivity. This shortcoming has often hindered online teaching and learning initiatives and support processes. Furthermore, the research has indicated how educational technology has positively impacted on prevailing communities of practice, and has even led to sound practices, such as sharing online courses/modules within the institution and with the global community. The escalating numbers of students seeking eLearning training and support have been supported by blended eLearning approaches. These approaches reflect the importance of integrated curriculum design. Moreover, the presented Integrated eLearning model, shows that ‘eLearning success’ can never be claimed, but is rather a process undergirded by a dedicated support team committed to continuous eLearning marketing, together with the review of processes within dynamic, complex higher education settings. Equally important, eLearning implementation within a HEI inherently impacts the organisational cultural changes. This is not just a once-off event, as it entails the difficult task of changing mindsets toward the use of new pedagogies, in order to supplement traditional instruction. At the same time, considering people-development processes; as well as organisational issues, which include peoples’ perceptions at different times of the eLearning continuum, is presented as various factors, which contribute to the successful implementation of eLearning. The most important factors contributing to successful eLearning implementation, as established through the research, and also incorporated into the proposed Integrated eLearning Model are: the provision of holistic online activities; integrated institutional ICT infrastructure and systems; the support of educators and students; the necessary positive attitude by lecturers to take a hands-on role in the application of blended eLearning practices – aligned to research – and the contribution to the knowledge era; the importance of communities of practice within and outside the institution; the need for motivated formal leadership and educators to take ownership of the development of aligned, integrated curriculum strategies supportive of emergent educational technologies; continuous commitment to eLearning support, and quality-assurance processes; sustainable eLearning change management and marketing strategies; as well as crucial integrated professional leadership, management and support of the elements of the Integrated eLearning model.

Doctor of Philosophy / Curriculum and Instruction Programs / Debbie K. Mercer / Abstract Twenty three in-depth qualitative telephone interviews were conducted in this multiple case study with instruction librarians at eight four-year colleges and universities. Snowball sampling was used to select instruction librarian, information literacy department head and administration participants employed at institutions recognized by Association of College and Research Libraries for exemplary information literacy best practices: information programs. The questions researched in this dissertation were: How are selected four-year colleges implementing exemplary information literacy courses? How do exemplary four-year college library information literacy courses implement the Association of College and Research Libraries Framework for Information Literacy in Higher Education (2016)? How do exemplary four-year colleges and universities implement digital literacy and the six frames of the Association of College and Research Libraries Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education (2016)? The Association of College and Research Libraries Standards (2000) and the Framework for information literacy for higher education (2016) were used as a foundation for this study. A conceptual framework was built in this study around information literacy historical underpinnings and five major national educational reports that were submitted to Congress between 1983 and 1989. These reports accelerated the information literacy agenda in institutions. The major study findings suggested that information literacy programs in institutions were most successful when the library’s program was supported by the institution’s administration. Successful information literacy course and program implementation in all eight institutional settings were dependent on the collaborative arrangements made between the instructional librarians and the faculty. Online information literacy courses were not common at the eight institutions. Information literacy instruction was blended and information literacy tutorials provided to students had online-components. Instruction librarians were using best practices in six areas that directly related to the development and design of the information literacy course: in their reference interactions with students, in choosing information literacy and teaching and learning models that would fit their institution’s programs, in the development of information literacy curriculum, in curriculum and program administration procedures and in assessing their information literacy courses and programs. Findings also indicated that although there was a great deal of anecdotal evidence that instructors provided that their students were information literate when they graduated, and that they were lifelong learners, no institutions had implemented tests for seniors that determined whether they were graduating information literate.

This study aims to provide strategies for blended learning situations which combine supervised on-line courses with traditional classroom lectures in order to take into account the different learning styles of particular groups of students. Most studies, to date, on learning styles have focused on the individual level. This research proposed that commonly preferred learning styles and leanings towards certain media presentations can be identified in whole groups that share some common group characteristics. An interpretive case study was chosen as the methodology to reach the research goal because it collectively combines the benefits of a case study and multiple data collections from students who studied on a required on-line course in the same learning context. The students, who participated in this study, were majoring in either Science, Social Science, or Management. Various data collection techniques included a survey of 576 students who studied IT courses, personal interviews of 34 students, participatory and on-line observations, and reference to institutional documents. Qualitative analysis of the data employed a concept synthesis coupled with a template analysis to compare and contextualise all the facets of reality depicted by the data (King, 2004). This approach was necessary due to the extensive theoretical background required to generate the initial template and the need to completely comprehend the group learning phenomenon. The research discerned that students in specific major academic fields have common preferences for on-line media and activities that assist the learning process because they process and perceive information differently. A model is proposed to identify the interactions between the learner, the media and activity content, and the context of learning. The design of on-line course materials should take into account group learning styles to propose a holistic picture for effective learning. This is a valuable resource for the teachers and designers of compulsory on-line courses and for those who determine educational policy and strategy.

The thesis is focused on learning materials at University of Economics Prague. In the con-text of modern trends in tertiary education it highlights opportunities to improve learning process with electronic learning materials. The theoretical part discusses the role of learn-ing materials and e-learning in tertiary education. The practical part then continues to ana-lyse the current situation of learning materials at the University of Economics. The main focus of the thesis is on the availability of high quality electronic learning materials. When looking for possible solutions the thesis also explores approaches used at other universities in the Czech Republic and abroad. It concludes with evaluation of possible solutions and makes recommendations for improving the situation with electronic learning materials at the University of Economics.

The widespread use of titanium and its alloys in structural applications has been limited to few highend applications. The dominant reason for this being cost implications. These high costs arise from extracting titanium from its mineral form as well as that of the manufacturing processes to develop a final product. Since producing titanium products includes expensive starting stock, high machinability costs and high wastage, a need for a process that may minimize one or more of these factors is necessary. One such technology that exists is a branch of powder metallurgy (PM), direct powder rolling (DPR) which allows for a continuous approach to produce strip or sheet metal. Products developed by this process are however known to possess inferior properties to its wrought counterpart. The present study comprises of a parametric study observing how two different blends of powder differ in the development of Ti-6Al-4V strip by employing the blended elemental (BE) approach to direct powder rolling. The objectives of this work include predicting the compaction behavior of the two respective blends during powder rolling to inform the production of high density green strip and to compare the outcomes of the prediction method to experimentally determined results using a gravity-fed laboratory-scale rolling mill with roll diameter of 265 mm and roll width of 150 mm. Johanson’s rolling theory was applied to predict rolling outcomes and a fixed set of rolling parameters were implemented for the simulation and experimental segment of this dissertation. The two blends being investigated include blending titanium powder with an elemental blend consisting of aluminium and vanadium powders (B1) and a master alloy blend of a 60Al-40V master alloy (B2). These two blends were used to validate the Johanson simulated rolling data. Fixed parameters applied to the rolling mill included using a roll speed of 14 rpm, roll face width of 65 mm and gravity-fed hopper outlet diameter of 25 mm. Variable roll gaps of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mm were studied. Average relative green densities of B1 and B2 strips achieved at a roll gap of 1 mm were 77% and 73% respectively. Rolling performance of the B1 powder blend were higher than that of B2, reaching higher green densities and showing superior formability, as rolling at smaller roll gaps was achievable for B1 and not B2. Green strength of B1 and B2 strips at a roll gap of 1 mm reflected similar outcomes where B1 strips required a greater breaking load to fracture samples when compared to B2 indicating a stronger self-supporting compact. Furthermore, the Johanson rolling model proved to overestimate reasonable roll pressure values, although, the general trend of compactibility between B1 and B2 powder blends was reasonably predicted showing B1 to be more compressible than B2 during powder rolling. iv Subsequent sintering at 1200 °C for 3 hours in a vacuum environment was applied to green strips to further densify and homogenize strips. Average relative sintered densities achieved for B1 and B2 strips rolled at a roll gap of 1 mm were 78% and 87% respectively. While green densities of B1 strips were higher than that of B2 strips, it was evident that the addition of the 60Al-40V master alloy to blend B2 resulted in superior sinterability as final sintered densities surpassed that of B1, even when starting at a lower green density after rolling. SEM/EDX was used to evaluate what effect sintering had on homogenization. A standard wrought Ti-6Al-4V specimen was used as the benchmark to compare homogenization results. B2 strips homogenized more than B1 strips when comparing to the baseline wrought sample. It was concluded that both B1 and B2 powders used to create Ti-6Al-4V strip by direct powder rolling (DPR) exhibited high levels of porosity and a subsequent step is necessary to fully densify the material. While B1 strips exhibit superior rollability with higher green densities and green strength; after applying a sintering practice to both B1 and B2 strips, B2 sintered densities surpassed those of B1 and prove to homogenize to a greater degree than B1 strips. The superior roll compaction ability and inferior sinterability for B1 powders was attributed to the elemental powder, aluminium. While the addition of ductile aluminium to B1 aids roll compaction, its low melting point results in large pores evolving at sintering temperatures almost twice its melting point.

Endogenous neural stem/progenitor cells therapy is one of the most advanced clinical trial worldwide. Generally, drug is given to the targeted area through the traditional strategies such as intraventricular or intravenous delivery method. However, those methods always come with undesired side-effects such as over-dose of drug and offensive injection are not applicable to the large-scale clinical application. In this study, the clinical feasibility of blended biosynthesized cellulose duraplasty was studied. Our results showed that physical properties of BBC can be controlled through the optimized fabrication process. In addition, the time length of Middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model was tested through the 60 vs 90 mins occlusion time behavioral assessments of rat and the data indicated that 60 mins length can induce significant motor functional impairment. Finally, the EGF & EPO-loaded BBC duraplasty was implanted over the removed area and the ELISA test revealed that BBC duraplasty can release and delivery the growth factors to the targeted area (subvertical zone) at least 3 days after implantation. In summary, our BBC duraplasty is showing the potential prospection to be a clinical-applicable duraplasty to replace the traditional commercial duraplasty in the future stroke recovery therapy.