The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of blood donation upon the work output of University athletes. Further, to determine whether the effect is physiological or psychological, suitable controls were exercised over the subjects. A suitable test item representing a specific measure of work output was predetermined for the study. Twenty members of various University of British Columbia athletic teams were selected and equated into two groups of ten using their performance on the test item as a basis for division. The test item consisted of making as many pedal revolutions as possible over a two minute period on a standard bicycle ergometer set at a resistance of 14 kilograms. Both groups were taken to the Blood Donation Clinic where the control group had 500 cc of blood removed. The experimental group underwent an identical procedure but no blood was drawn. Careful controls at the clinic ensured that neither group was aware of what occurred. Later questioning indicated that both groups believed all subjects had given blood. All subjects were retested under standard conditions two hours, twenty-four hours and seven days after blood donation. Results were subjected to standard statistical analysis. The control group showed a significant gain in performance in the test item in all subsequent tests. The experimental group also showed a significant gain in performance in the test item in all subsequent tests. At no stage was any significant difference found to exist between the two groups. It was concluded that under the conditions of the study, blood donation does not deleteriously affect the performance of athletes in an item involving a short period of muscular work. In fact, the mean performance was significantly improved. No psychological effect was found in the group which believed that it had donated blood. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

Chronic hypertension was induced in female albino rats. Amelioration by means of daily feeding of histidine and ascorbic acid, histidine and vitamin E, histidine and urease, vitamin E, urease and ammonium chloride was attempted. Blood pressures were determined under sodium pentathol anesthetic by the indirect method using the foot. Chronic hypertension was produced by two methods, (1) Injections of DCA. This method was found to give inconsistent results. Several modifications of this procedure were tried unsuccessfully. (2) The use of a choline deficient diet. This method proved to give consistent results in producing chronic hypertension. Vitamin E was the only substance found useful in ameliorating the experimental chronic hypertension. This amelioration resulted only in the presence of excess vitamin E. This fact was thought to give further evidence for the vasodilator properties of vitamin E. An hypothesis was advanced that DCA may inhibit the sympathetic nervous system, to sensitize the vascular responsiveness to pressor and depressor substances. / Science, Faculty of / Botany, Department of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

The effects of dietary and hormonal factors upon the blood pressure of male Wistar rats were investigated. 1. Desoxycorticosterone acetate was found to increase the blood pressure in the presence of excess dietary salt. 2. Estrogen overdosage produced hypertension in rats. Castrate animals were more sensitive to the effects of estrogen. Estrogen overdosage aggravated experimental hypertension induced by nutritional choline deficiency. 3. A period of nutritional choline deficiency was followed by hypertension. Desoxycorticosterone accelerated the development of hypertension in choline deficient animals. 4. Hypertension developed in rats 2 months after a prolonged period of inanition. 5. Antihistamine was found to induce profound variations in the blood pressure of male rats. 6. Rats pre-treated with desoxycorticosterone acetate showed a greater pressor response to adrenaline than normal intact rats. 7. Desoxycorticosterone and antihistamine were found to facilitate the occurrence of the Trueta shunt. / Science, Faculty of / Botany, Department of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

The purpose of this project is to investigate the surface properties of platelet discocytes, echinocytes and spherocytes. Normal "non-sticky" discoid shaped platelets (discocytes) can be transformed by ADP into irregularly shaped echinocytes which are "sticky" and aggregate easily in media containing Ca⁺⁺ and fibrinogen. A model is examined here in which an echinocyte attains its "sticky" properties by evagination of a surface-connected canalicular system. Platelets also evaginate this canalicular system upon hypotonic shock, in which case the platelets swell up to form spherocytes. By comparing the properties of the different geometric forms of platelets insight into the nature of "stickiness" was sought. The surface areas of the discocyte and spherocyte measured microscopically were found to be 16.4 and 36.7x10⁻⁸ cm² respectively while that of the echinocyte was estimated to be 23.7x10⁻⁸ cm² using surface chemical analysis. Electron microscopic examination showed that the canalicular system may not be totally evaginated in the echinocyte. Although it was found that the spherocyte could still be agglutinated passively by ristocetin it had completely lost its ability to aggregate. Microelectrophoretic studies revealed 8 and 6 fold increases in the density of Ca⁺⁺ and Mg⁺⁺ binding sites respectively on the echinocyte surface relative to the discocyte. The spherocyte on the other hand had lost most of its Ca binding sites. Electrokinetic analysis of live, fixed and neuraminidase or alkaline phosphatase treated platelets showed major differences in charge as well as amino, sialic acid and phosphate group densities among the discocyte, echinocyte and spherocyte. The evaginated canalicular membrane surfaces of the latter two were also different. SDS-PAGE of platelets radiolabelled via lactoperoxidase iodination, periodate-borohydride tritiation or neuraminidase/galactose oxidase-borohydride tritiation failed to show any difference in the gel patterns between the three platelet forms. No new glycoprotein species appeared during the transformations. The presence of fibrinogen interferes in a concentration related manner with lactoperoxidase iodination of GP-III on the echinocyte surface. An overall picture is presented here showing differences between the surface properties of platelet discocytes, echinocytes and spherocytes. The accumulated evidence suggests that changes in the whole platelet surface occur during activation and the model of a cloistered "sticky" membrane may be an oversimplification. / Medicine, Faculty of / Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of / Graduate

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-90) / The objective of this project was to test the efficacy of using Extensible Markup Language (XML) - in particular the DocBook 5.0b5 schema - and Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformation (XSLT) to render electronic courseware that can be dynamically re-formatted according to a student's individual learning style. The text of a typical lesson was marked up in XML according to the DocBook schema, and several XSLT stylesheets were created to transform the XML document into different versions, each according to particular learning needs. These learning needs were drawn from the Felder-Silverman learning style model. The notes had links to trigger JavaScript functions that allowed the student to reformat the notes to produce different views of the lesson.

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It was first discovered by L. and H. Hirszfeld (1919) that the races of mankind differ in the relative frequencies of the four classical blood groups. Since that time an enormous amount of information has been collected from all parts of the world. To-day it can be said that more is known about the geographical variations of the human blood group genes than is known in the case of any other genes whatsoever, whether plant or animal (Dobzhansky, 1941 ). The four original blood groups depend upon the presence or absence of two agglutinable substances, or agglutinogens, in the red blood corpuscles, associated with the presence or absence of corresponding agglutinins in the serum. The agglutinogens are usually denoted by the letters A and B, the agglutinins by the letters a and b. Red cells containing A are agglutinated by serum containing a; similarly, red cells containing B are agglutinated by serum containing b.

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206 leaves : / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (M.D.)--Dept. of Medicine, University of Adelaide, 1974

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