No description available.

Human Alpha 1-acid Glycoprotein (AAG) was analyzed quantitavely and qualityatively for differences which could be associated with oncogenesis. Levels of seru, AAG were elevated in most mlignancies, particularly in malignant melanomas, malignant myelomas, and in solid tumors of the lung, kidney, colon, or other organs.

No description available.

The blood thiamine concentration of 11 subjects was determined by means of the Friedemann and Kmieciak (1943) method every 5 days during a 30-day experimental period. Study I was conducted on 5 students in 1947 and Study II was conducted on 6 students in 1948. The subjects in both studies were on diets in which their intake of ascorbic acid only was controlled. A record was kept of each subjects food intake. The daily values for total Calories, non-fat Calories and thiamine in the diet were obtained from food tables. Non-fat Calories, the ratio of non-tat Calories to total Calories, thiamine to 1000 Calories and thiamine to non-fat Calories were calculated. The blood thiamine values for the subjects in Study I (all girls) ranged from 4.91 to 10.85 mcg per cent. There was a general decrease throughout the study in the mean intake of thiamine expressed in terms of mcg per 1000 Calories and mcg per 1000 non-fat Calories. The greater the decrease in thiamine intake in terms of mcg per 1000 non-fat Calories the greater was the loss of blood thiamine. The values for thiamine in the blood of the boys in Study II ranged from 8.00 to 15.32 mcg per cent and for the one girl in Study II from 8.35 to 13.93 mcg per cent. The blood thiamine values for the subjects in Study II did not indicate the same relationship to thiamine intake as did those in Study I. There was an increase in the concentration of the thiamine in the blood even though there was a decrease in the mean thiamine intake from the beginning to the end of the experiment. It would appear, therefore, that the boys obtained sufficient thiamine throughout the 30-day period. No data have been obtained which indicate whether or not there are variations from day to day in the concentration of thiamine in the blood when subjects are maintained on a constant intake of thiamine. A metabolism study using 5 adult women as subjects was planned in order to determine the daily values for thiamine in the blood when subjects were maintained on a controlled diet for a period of 52 days. An unpublished micro-method for the determination of thiamine in the blood developed by Dr. H. Burch (1948) was to be used. The experimental diet consisted of a basal diet providing approximately 1000 Calories and 300 mcg of thiamine with additions to the basal diet planned in units providing approximately 500 Calories and 150 mcg of thiamine. The values for protein, fat, carbohydrate and total Calories were obtained, from food tables. Non-fat Calories were calculated and the thiamine content of the food was determined by analysis. All 5 subjects ate the same food each day. In spite of the fact that considerable preliminary work was performed before the study started the blood thiamine values obtained in the nutrition laboratory were always significantly lower than results obtained by other workers. It was decided to freeze the blood samples after the protein had been removed and work on certain aspects of the method before any analyses of the blood thiamine were made. Further study of the Burch method included variation in the amounts of potassium acetate used, use of different trichloroacetic acid reagents, tests for enzyme activity, variations in the incubation procedure, variations in the procedure for the oxidation to thiochrome and in the extraction of thiochrome, reading samples sooner after transfer to optically matched tubes, variations in the irradiation procedure, use of all new reagents, use of another micro-photofluorometer, development of standard curves and the determination of the response of two subjects to an oral test dose of thiamine hydrochloride. None of these variations resulted in a solution of the problem. Suggestions for future work with the Burch method are discussed. / Graduation date: 1950

No description available.

The test - retest reliability coefficients of the values of measurements made on the pH, the Pco₂, the standard bicarbonate, the base excess, and the buffer base, of arterial whole blood were estimated for a group of 30 male subjects with the use of the Astrup Micro-equipment, the Siggaard-Andersen revised Nomogram, and a testing program on three successive mornings. Reliability coefficients were estimated for these parameters in both the resting and the post-exercise conditions, and the intra-indivldual and the inter-individual variances were estimated for each reliability coefficient. It was found that the standard bicarbonate and the base excess had the more reliable values, and that the pH and PC0₂ had less reliable values. It was shown that the values of measurements of pH, standard bicarbonate and base excess were significantly different on Day 1 from those values on Days 2 and 3. This effect was attributed to apprehension towards the testing experience and to the strangeness of the testing environment. The measurement errors of the Astrup Micro-equipment and the Siggaard-Andersen revised Nomogram were estimated for the individual parameters. It was found that the buffer base was the only parameter in which the pH meter measurement error variance was large enough to have a decided effect upon the value of the reliability coefficient. The Nomogram measurement error variances were so small that they could be considered negligible. The temporal measurement error of the collection of blood - the error inherent in the time difference between the collection of successive tubes of blood - was investigated for the pH parameter. This temporal measurement error was shown to be practically negligible although statistically significant in the resting condition, but was shown to have both practical importance and statistical significance in the post-exercise condition. / Education, Faculty of / Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of / Graduate

Halothane (1,1,1-trifluoro-2-bromo-2-chloroethane) is a commonly employed general anaesthetic. A direct injection gas-liquid chromatographic procedure was developed to quantitatively estimate the halothane concentration of blood and other aqueous fluids. This used a specially designed external injection port which obviated a preliminary separation of the anaesthetic from the aqueous phase. The method was extended to include quantitative estimation of methoxyflurane (1,l-dichloro-2,2-difluoroethyl-methylether), diethylether and ethanol over the approximate range 1-100 mg/100 ml. This analytical method was used to investigate the quantitative interaction of halothane with major human blood components and the distribution of halothane between cells and plasma. The results obtained with an equilibrium dialysis technique developed for this study showed that haemoglobin, albumin, red cell membranes and triglyceride-rich micelles (chylomicrons and VLDL), but not y-globulin, contribute significantly to the solubility, and thus the transport, of halothane in blood. A significant amount of halothane is also dissolved in the aqueous phase. The results suggest that halothane interacts with a finite number of surface sites on haemoglobin and albumin. When the aqueous phase was saturated with halothane, the average number of halothane molecules bound per haemoglobin and albumin molecule was approximately 5 and 20 respectively. In the case of triglyceride-rich micelles and red cell membranes, the halothane molecules appeared to be located within the hydrophobic core, since the amount of halothane solubilized by the micelles and membrane increased with increasing free halothane concentration without showing evidence of saturation of hydrophobic sites. The results obtained from the equilibrium dialysis studies were used to calculate the distribution of halothane between the cells and plasma. This distribution was also experimentally determined by analysis of the halothane concentration in the plasma after centrifugation of whole blood samples equilibrated with halothane. There was reasonable agreement between the results obtained by the two methods. The uptake and distribution of halothane in dog blood at different inspired levels of halothane was studied by analysing the concentration of halothane in whole blood and plasma of arterial and mixed venous blood at different times after the induction of anaesthesia. Generally, a steady state was reached approximately 2 hours after induction. The time required for the distribution of halothane between the plasma and cells appeared to be much shorter than the time required to attain the steady state. This suggested that the distribution of halothane between blood components calculated from the results of the equilibrium dialysis studies is applicable to blood in vivo during anaesthesia. The arterial blood halothane concentration calculated by combining the experimentally determined end-tidal halothane partial pressure and literature values for the blood gas partition coefficient are different from those determined experimentally. This suggested that halothane in the alveoli and halothane in the arterial blood were not in thermodynamic equilibrium, as commonly accepted. / Medicine, Faculty of / Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of / Graduate

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1948 M37 / Master of Science

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1961 R35

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1963 W95 / Master of Science