Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-10-25T16:14:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VALÉRIA SOARES DE LIMA.pdf: 1718410 bytes, checksum: 4b524c70f8e9cc93050b4f8ddfb3e5b5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-25T16:14:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VALÉRIA SOARES DE LIMA.pdf: 1718410 bytes, checksum: 4b524c70f8e9cc93050b4f8ddfb3e5b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-14 / The primary goal of this research is to examine social practices related to sexuality and gender among college students from two higher education institutions (one public and one private) located in Anápolis, Brazil. The theoretical framework adopted in this thesis delimits the philosophical, historical and conceptual aspects regarding body, sexuality and gender based on Nunes (2005), Le Breton (2007), Louro (2013) Scott (1995), Siqueira (2010), Foucault (1979, 2014, 2015), Melani (2012), Corbin, Courtine and Vigarello (2008), Siqueira (2008), Puleo (2004), Nye (1995), Beauvoir (1970), Connel and Pearse (2015), Matos (2010), among others. These authors discuss how categories such as body, gender and sexuality are filled with representations, based on concepts that have been established throughout the history of human development as well as on theoretical concepts describing them. In what concerns philosophical and historical aspects, the present analysis is consistent with the interpretations and social practices that have been established by numerous individuals, in different contexts and historical periods, regarding the aforementioned categories, in such a way that the multiple manifestations, observations, analyses, experiences and studies that influence contemporary perceptions contribute to social and political actions, such as the feminist movement (first, second, third and fourth wave), which also includes gays and lesbian groups. This thesis also takes into account previous work by Moscovici (1978, 2015), Vala and Castro (2013), Dias (2014), Goffman (1988), Parker (1999), Freud (1910, 1925) and Reich (1978) to discuss how social representations are shaped by communication processes, gestures, among other factors, which cut across social relations and feed discourses, conceptions and social practices, both individual and collective, with respect to objects, things and individuals. In this scenario, sexuality, gender and homosexuals are critical elements, as they determine perceptions and behaviors able to stimulate or mitigate the effects of prejudice and discrimination. As for the quanti-qualitative field research conducted in this study, a questionnaire composed of 47 open and closed-ended questions was applied to 227 individuals, adults and young adults with ages ranging from 19 to 40 years old. The questionnaire was designed to verify how participants experienced their own sexuality and corporeity. This survey has also shown how these people perceive gender issues (homosexuality, in particular) within the social representations that have been structured over the course of their development and that stem from interactions between individuals inside or outside university circles. Moreover, the questionnaire responses, detailed in the data analysis section in this thesis, reveal senses and meanings that have been built up over their educational processes and interpersonal relationships. / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo principal verificar as práticas sociais relacionadas a sexualidade e a gênero entre jovens universitários de duas Instituições de Ensino Superior, uma pública e outra privada, em Anápolis – GO. Na fundamentação teórica, busca-se delinear os aspectos conceituais, históricos e filosóficos que permeiam a sexualidade, o corpo e o gênero por meio das concepções de Nunes (2005), Le Breton (2007), Louro (2013) Scott (1995), Siqueira (2010), Foucault (1979, 2014, 2015), Melani (2012), Corbin, Courtine e Vigarello (2008), Siqueira (2008), Puleo (2004), Nye (1995), Beauvoir (1970), Connel e Pearse (2015), Matos (2010), entre outros. Os referidos autores discutem como as categorias corpo, sexualidade e gênero estão repletas de representações, por meio dos conceitos que foram sendo estruturados ao longo do desenvolvimento humano e das diversas concepções teóricas que os descrevem. No que diz respeito aos aspectos filosóficos e históricos, a análise converge com as leituras e com as práticas sociais que foram sendo instituídas por diferentes sujeitos, em diferentes contextos e épocas, sobre essas três categorias, de modo que as múltiplas manifestações, observações, análises, experiências e estudos que incidem nas percepções contemporâneas concorrem para ações com conotações sociais e políticas, como as que acontecem até os dias atuais com o movimento feminista (primeira, segunda, terceira e quarta onda), que abarca outros segmentos, como os grupos gays e lésbicos. Como elemento complementar desta dissertação, discute-se, por meio das análises de Moscovici (1978, 2015), Vala e Castro (2013), Dias (2014), Goffman (1988), Parker (1999), Freud (1910, 1925) e Reich (1978), como as representações sociais são forjadas por meio dos processos comunicativos, dos gestos, entre outros, que circulam e entrecruzam as relações sociais e vão alimentando os discursos, as concepções e as práticas sociais individuais e coletivas em relação aos objetos, às coisas e aos sujeitos. Nesse caso, destacam-se a sexualidade, o gênero e os homossexuais, que acabam por determinar percepções e comportamentos que podem estimular ou minimizar o preconceito e a discriminação. Na pesquisa de campo de cunho quantiqualitativo, verificou-se, por meio da aplicação de um questionário com 47 perguntas fechadas e abertas, como 227 indivíduos — jovens adultos e adultos que, em sua maioria, estão na faixa etária de 19 anos a 40 anos — vivenciam e experienciam sua sexualidade e corporeidade. O questionário também verificou como esses indivíduos percebem a questão de gênero (em particular, a homossexualidade) dentro das representações sociais que foram sendo estruturadas no decorrer do seu desenvolvimento e a partir do convívio dentro e fora da universidade/faculdade, e verificou quais sentidos e significados eles foram construindo ao longo do seu processo educativo e nas suas relações com o outro, o que se revela nas respostas descritas na análise de dados.

En ce début du XXIème siècle, un nombre d’auteurs sans cesse plus important développe un véritable enthousiasme pour des thématiques féminines. Plus précisément, il s’agit pour eux de mettre en exergue la quête identitaire des femmes dans notre société. Cette littérature révèle une omniprésence du corps et de la sexualité en lien étroit avec la société et les schémas culturels imposés tenant ainsi un discours novateur sur les femmes. Le but de cette recherche est de montrer comment un discours littéraire, en reprenant les discours socioculturels, féministes et psychanalystes du moment, conçoit la question de la femme et quelle représentation de la femme il produit. Face à cette réflexion sur la question de la femme et son identité, cette thèse centre son étude sur les romans de trois auteurs, Virginie Despentes, écrivain français, Lucía Etxebarria, écrivain espagnol et Maïssa Bey, écrivain algérien francophone. L’être femme est représenté dans un rapport avec la violence masculine mais aussi avec sa propre violence, dans son rapport au corps et à la sexualité, par des relations humaines conflictuelles ainsi que par une aliénation sociale et culturelle. Le personnage féminin est un personnage seul, enfermé dans une identité dans laquelle il ne se reconnaît plus et qu’il rejette. La quête de soi et de la reconnaissance de soi laisse apparaître leurs aspirations, en contradictions avec leurs attributions. A la fin de chaque roman, l’individualisation de la femme est envisagée par la reprise de parole. La reconstruction de soi ne peut être permise que par la maîtrise de la parole sur soi, et la quête d’individualisation doit se poursuivre / In our early 21th century, an increasingly number of writers gets a real enthusiasm for woman-related themes. More precisely, their purpose is to underline the identity quest of women in our society. This kind of literature uncovers a constant involvement of body and sexuality closely linked to society and to cultural schemes that society imposes - thus leading these authors to hold an innovative discourse about women. Our research aims to show how a literary discourse, drawing from actual sociocultural, feminist and psychoanalytic discourses, conceives the Woman issue and which representation of woman it can create. At the hands of this reflection about the Woman issue and her identity, the study focuses on three female authors’ novels, Virginie Despentes, a french writer, Lucia Extebarría, a spanish writer and Maïssa Bey, an algerian French-speaking writer. The woman being is portrayed in her relations with male violence but also with her own violence linked to her relation to body and sexuality, and through human struggles and a social and cultural alienation. The female character is lonely, confined to an identity in which she does not recognize herself anymore and that she rejects. The quest for self-knowledge and for self-recognition lets its longings emerge, in contradiction with their remit. In the end of each novel, woman’s individualization is imaged through a takeover of speech. Self-reconstruction can only be possible thanks to a control of speech about oneself and the individuation quest has to keep going