Thesis (Ph.D.)--Virginia Commonwealth University, 2009. / Prepared for: Dept. of Biomedical Engineering. Title from title-page of electronic thesis. Bibliography: leaves 122-138.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, 1967.

Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in electronic version.

published_or_final_version / abstract / Biological Sciences / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Background: Children have historically been fasted for prolonged periods preoperatively to reduce the volume and acidity of their gastric contents and thus the risk of regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration. Evidence shows that this risk is not increased by following the current recommended fasting guidelines, and that prolonged fasting may be detrimental to children, who may present with hunger, thirst, depleted intravascular volume, metabolic acidosis and hypoglycaemia. A recent study at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital showed a 18.5% prevalence of biochemical hypoglycaemia, defined as a blood glucose concentration of less than 3.5 mmol/l, in children from one to five years of age presenting for elective surgery. Aims: The aims of this study were to document the prevalence of biochemical hypoglycaemia in children from the ages of one to five years who were given apple juice to drink at least two hours preoperatively, and to compare these results to a historical control group. Methods: A prospective, contextual comparative study design was used. Approval was obtained from the University of the Witwatersrandʼs Human Ethics Committee and other relevant authorities. The groups were matched for age and weight. Consent was obtained from the guardians of all children who met the inclusion criteria before being enrolled in the study. A standard 200 ml carton of commercially available apple juice was offered to each participant. The volume and time of the juice consumed was documented, along with relevant demographic data. Inhalational induction of anaesthesia proceeded a minimum of two hours later, and a venous glucose concentration was measured. Results: The prevalence of biochemical hypoglycaemia was statistically significantly reduced in the intervention group (p = 0.0163), eliminating the effect of prolonged preoperative fasting. Conclusion: The consumption of clear apple juice on the morning of surgery is a safe, inexpensive, effective way to reduce the prevalence of hypoglycaemia in children presenting for elective surgery.

Zhang Jun. / "August 2000." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-144). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Also available in print.

Regulation of chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium ions was determined for hypo- and hypersaline conditions in the crab, Cancer magister, from an estuarine environment. Animals from both summer and winter were examined. Chloride regulation in the blood was hypertonic in dilute salinities and hypotonic in concentrated salinities, with summer animals maintaining a greater gradient in the former and winter animals a greater gradient in the latter. Sodium in the blood is regulated hypertonically in all experimental salinities, with summer animals maintaining a greater gradient. Blood potassium is regulated hypertonically in dilute salinities, approaching isotonicity in hypersaline media. Summer animals maintain a greater gradient of potassium concentration. Blood calcium is regulated hypertonically in all experimental salinities, with summer animals maintaining a greater gradient in dilute salinities and winter animals a greater gradient in concentrated salinities. Magnesium is regulated at a pronounced hypotonic level in the blood over the entire experimental salinity range, with winter animals maintaining the greater gradient. Major changes in the adaptation of blood ionic concentrations occur within a few hours of exposure to the experimental salinities, with half of the final equilibrated concentration values attained by twelve hours. Animal weight was found to bear no significant relationship to the ionic regulatory activity observed. Renal involvement in regulation has been shown for all the ions, with the production of a urine hypertonic to the blood for chloride and magnesium, and a urine hypotonic to the blood for sodium, potassium, and calcium. Renal regulation was greater in winter animals for chloride, and greater in summer animals for sodium and potassium. Ionic regulation by the gills of summer and winter animals was investigated by potential difference measurements, and was suggested to occur for all ions. Chloride may have been regulated by the absorption from dilute media and excretion into concentrated media. Sodium may have been regulated by secretion into dilute media. The involvement of the gill in potassium, calcium, and magnesium regulation was implicated. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

Title from title page of PDF (University of Missouri--St. Louis, viewed February 23, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.