published_or_final_version / Psychology / Master / Master of Philosophy

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect Social Physique Anxiety (SPA) levels have on college students' preferences for different exercise settings. Those exercise settings included exercising with people of same gender, exercising with people who were physically fit, and exercising with people of similar body shapes. In addition, the study investigated the role of gender concerning these exercise setting preferences. Furthermore, this study examined the relationship between SPA levels and students' preferences for different type of physical fitness activities and their perceived physical fitness (PPF). A sample of 375 undergraduate male and female students at Ball State University were selected using a purposeful sampling procedure. The participants were enrolled in the coeducational Physical Education Fitness/Wellness course (PEFWL) during spring 2000 semester. During a scheduled class, the participants completed a 35item questionnaire which assessed SPA levels, PPF, and other items related to exercise setting.In this study, male participants were significantly higher in PPF than female participants, whereas female participants were significantly higher in SPA than male participants. To address the five research hypotheses, logistic and multiple regression analyses were used (p<.05). Both SPA and gender were significant predictors of participants' preference for exercising with people of same gender, participants' preference for exercising with people physically fit, and participants' preference for exercising with people of same body shape. Gender significantly predicated the preference of participating in the physical activity groups of physical conditioning and swimnastics/fitness swimming. Finally, SPA was the only significant predicator (p<.001) of participants' PPF. Based on the results of this study, SPA played a critical role in college-age students' exercise setting preferences. Students' self-presentational concerns about their physiques being negatively evaluated by others may indeed influence their exercise setting preferences. / School of Physical Education

Objectification theory proposed the idea that U.S. culture positions women to be viewed as physical entities foremost, typically to the fulfillment of men's sexual desires. The most damaging aspect of this experience is women's internalization of this perspective into their own sense of self, which has been shown to predict body image issues, eating disturbances, depression, sexual dysfunction, reduced psychological flow, and substance abuse. More recently, there have been efforts to examine how multiple layers of oppression may impact the experiences of sexual objectification and its psychological consequences. This study tested an extension of objectification theory on a sample of 618 Asian American women with the inclusion of race-related experiences, Asian American cultural values, and their relationships with the self-objectification process and depression. Findings indicate that the more participants endorsed Asian American cultural values, the more they engaged in a self-objectification process that involved internalizing mainstream ideals of beauty, monitoring their body appearance, and feeling shame and less satisfaction with race-related features and their bodies in general, which then predicted depression. In considering participants' adherence to Asian cultural values, the internalization of mainstream body ideals was necessary to engaging in self-objectification. Similarly, the more participants endorsed experiencing racial and sexual objectification, the more they engaged in the self-objectification process, which predicted depression. However, internalization of mainstream body ideals was not a necessary link between experiencing objectifying events and engaging in other components of the self-objectification process. Furthermore, adherence to Asian American cultural values did not have a significant moderation effect on the self-objectification process as predicted.

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This study investigated the body image constructions of Afro-Latinx Caribbean women who identify as Domincan, Puetro-Rican, and/or Cuban. Fifteen women participated in the research study aiming to investigate how race, gender, culture and the intersection of the three influences the conceptualization of body image for this specific population of women. A mixed methodology approach was implemented. The primary research method was analysis of qualitative data via CQR. Interviews were accompanied by four quantitative measures in order to further inform the qualitative data. The measures specifically investigated cultural values (Marianismo Belief Scale), racial identity (Multidimensional Model of Black Identity), acculturation (Stephenson Multigroup Acculturation Scale), and body image satisfaction (Stunkard Figure Rating Scale). The scales informed the data by providing information about the participant’s adherence to traditional cultural values and its intersection with gender (marianismo), the salience of their racial identity, the degree to acculturation, and ideal body image. Four domains emerged from the data, which shed light on the conceptualization and experience of body image for this group of women. The results have implications for the multicultural awareness for counselors working with Afro-Latinx Caribbean women, in addition to the psychological awareness of this group within the psychological body image research, and the many gaps which continue to need exploration.

The present study examined 100 gay and lesbian (LG) college students and 100 heterosexual students to determine whether group differences existed in frequency of and anxiety related to non-erotic cognitive distractions during sexual activity. Non-erotic cognitive distractions is a descriptive term to include both self-evaluative behaviors related to physical performance and body image concerns, as well as additional cognitive distractions (e.g., contracting an STI or emotional concerns) during sexual activity. Participants, matched on gender (96 males and 104 females), age, and ethnicity, completed questionnaires assessing frequency and associated anxiety related to non-erotic cognitive distractions during sexual activity, as well as measures of additional variables (e.g., religiosity and self-esteem). Results indicated that LG participants experience significantly more cognitive distractions and concomitant anxiety related to body image, physical performance, and contracting a disease or illness during sexual activity. With regard to gender differences, men reported more distractions related to contracting a disease or illness than women. An interaction effect was observed between sexual orientation and gender for body image-, disease-, and external/emotional-based distractions. It also was found that gay men, lesbians, and heterosexual women reported significantly more body image concerns than straight men. Implications of these findings are discussed

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-09-26T13:18:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariane Dias Ferreira.pdf: 1300959 bytes, checksum: a035670e11851f55466d4e347d7ce1f7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-26T13:18:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mariane Dias Ferreira.pdf: 1300959 bytes, checksum: a035670e11851f55466d4e347d7ce1f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In Brazil, according to the Ministry of Health in 2014, 50.8% of Brazilians were overweight, therefore, more than half of the population. Of these, 17.5% were obese, of which 54.7% were men and 47.4% were women. Obesity and overweight (which can lead to obesity) are disorders whose appearance and maintenance indicate the existence of several correlated factors, presenting, therefore, a multidimensional cause. Aside from health problems, being overweight also leads to a "negative view of the body," especially for women. This causes them to associate fitness with acceptance, social success and happiness. In general, studies on body image and self-esteem in obese women point to losses related to dissatisfaction, depreciation, distortion and concern with self-image in a way that is dissociated from the sense of identity. The present study sought to identify expectations of weight loss and examine body image and self-esteem through a focus group of six women between the ages of 36 and 50, who were overweight and obese, without distinguishing how much, through their narratives and the use of photographs. In the group narrative they tried to determine subjects related to body image, self-esteem and expectation of weight loss; such narrative was completed with a case study of each participant, in which the interlocution between symbols emerged from photos brought by each participant along with their personal narratives. The results indicated that, influenced by individual and collective factors, the participants experienced little expectation of weight loss along with the alienation of self-esteem which operated in the service of compensatory defenses. The functional aspects of the group, of the photographs and their clinical and symbolic potential within the framework of analytical psychology, enabled participants to reflect on their symptomatic and individual conditions by translating the conflict from measurement to mythical, or from number to narrative, so that they were able to initially reflect on individual demands and self-image rather than maintaining massive projections in the collective / No Brasil, segundo o Ministério da Saúde em 2014, 50,8% dos brasileiros estavam acima do peso, ou seja, mais da metade da população. Destes, 17,5% eram obesos, dos quais 54,7% homens e 47,4% mulheres. A obesidade e o sobrepeso (que pode levar à obesidade) são uma doença que indica a existência de diversos fatores que se correlacionam para seu aparecimento e manutenção, portanto, tem uma causa multidimensional. Fora os problemas de saúde, há particularmente nas mulheres uma “visão negativa do corpo” perante o sobrepeso, levando-as a associar a forma física com a aceitação, o sucesso social e a felicidade. De uma forma geral, os estudos sobre imagem corporal e autoestima em obesas apontam para prejuízos relacionados à insatisfação, depreciação, distorção e preocupação com a autoimagem de modo dissociado ao senso de identidade. O estudo presente buscou identificar expectativas de emagrecimento e investigar imagem corporal e autoestima a partir de um grupo focal com seis mulheres entre 36 e 50 anos com sobrepeso e obesidade, sem distinção de grau, por meio de narrativas e do uso de fotografias. Na narrativa grupal procurou-se determinar temas relativos à imagem corporal, autoestima e expectativa de emagrecimento; tal narrativa completou-se com um estudo de caso de cada participante, no qual se buscou a interlocução entre símbolos emergidos de fotos trazidas por cada participante e suas narrativas pessoais. Os resultados indicaram que, influenciadas por fatores individuais e coletivos, as participantes experimentavam baixa expectativa de emagrecimento aliada ao alheamento da autoestima que operava a serviço de defesas compensatórias. Os aspectos funcionais do grupo, das fotografias e de seu potencial clínico e simbólico dentro do enquadre da psicologia analítica, possibilitaram às participantes refletirem sobre suas condições sintomáticas e individuais traduzindo o conflito da métrica à mítica, ou do número para a narrativa, de modo que elas puderam de maneira inicial refletir sobre demandas individuais e autoimagem ao invés de manter projeções maciças no coletivo

O desejo de modificar o corpo vem crescendo consideravelmente entre as mulheres, que recorrem às cirurgias plásticas e outros procedimentos estéticos na busca do corpo ideal enaltecido pela mídia. Algumas destas modificam seus corpos desmedidamente, quando realizam vários procedimentos em uma mesma ocasião, ou quando excedem na quantidade de silicone, denotando com isso, um estilo de vida pautado na desmesura. O contexto atual é marcado por uma organização social perversa, ao se configurar a partir do apagamento dos limites e da exaltação de gozo que mobiliza o surgimento de traços perversos independente da estrutura clínica. Desta forma, este trabalho se propôs a realçar alguns traços perversos em três casos de mulheres midiáticas que modificam compulsivamente seus corpos. Coletamos os depoimentos expostos em vídeos disponíveis na internet, privilegiando aqueles que tratavam dos procedimentos estéticos. Para efeito de análise, elegemos os seguintes traços perversos: desmesura e a transgressão dos limites, fixação em objetos parciais, o corpo como objeto fetiche e a busca pelo olhar do outro como forma de gozo. Estas mulheres através da desmesura, desmentem suas faltas oferecendo seu corpo, em partes, como objeto fetiche para o outro olhar. / The body modification is increasing among women who search for plastic surgery and other aesthetic procedures in order to achieve a body that is praised by the media. Some of them modify their bodies beyond measure pulling their floating ribs out to make their waists slimmer, performing many procedures at the same time or when they exceed the amount of silicon implant in their breasts which detonates an undue behavior guideded by the disproportion. However, the current context is marked by a perverse social organization because it sets itself on the boundaries deletion and on the elation of the jouissance and moves the appearance of perverse traces independently on the clinical structure. Thus, this study aims to highlight some perverse traces in three cases of media women that compulsively change their bodies. Weve collected the depositions displayed on internet videos, focusing on those who dealt with the aesthetic procedures. For analysis, weve selected three perverse traces: disproportion and the boundaries transgression, the partial objects fixation, the body as a fetish and the search for other peoples look as way to achieve jouissance. Those women through the disproportion , deny their lacks by offering their bodies, in parts, as a fetish object to the others look.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A amputação é tida como o primeiro procedimento cirúrgico já feito na história da humanidade e repercute de modo diferente nas pessoas que passam por tal procedimento, dependendo do momento histórico e da história de vida de cada uma. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender a experiência de pessoas que passaram pelo processo de amputação. Na tentativa de compreender a questão norteadora do estudo Como é a experiência de habitar um corpo amputado?, adotou-se o olhar da fenomenologia existencial, ao modo de Heidegger. Participaram da pesquisa seis homens com idade entre 20 e 59 anos, que passaram pelo procedimento cirúrgico para amputação, independente da doença prévia e do fato de já terem utilizado próteses. Como modo de acesso às experiências dos participantes optou-se por narrativas colhidas em Encontros Reflexivos, prática proposta por Heloisa Szymasnski, que se mostrou como possibilidade para troca e elaboração das experiências pelos participantes da pesquisa sobre os diversos modos de habitar um corpo amputado. Também foi utilizado o diário de bordo do pesquisador como registro das impressões, observações e sentimentos ao participar dos Encontros Reflexivos. Como método para análise das narrativas, foi utilizado a Analítica do Sentido de Dulce Critelli, que possibilitou o desvelamento do fenômeno estudado. Os resultados apontaram para a falta de compreensão e despreparo da equipe hospitalar que lida com a cirurgia de amputação no que tange ao cuidado e escuta da pessoa que está passando por tal experiência; revelaram que há um distanciamento das ciências modernas da natureza em questionar o corpo a partir de uma ótica que considere a própria experiência da pessoa que viveu a amputação; revelaram, também, que para os participantes, existir com um corpo amputado é passar por diversas dificuldades, com realce para o modo como experienciam a condição atual e o rompimento com o modo de viver habitual. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho pretende contribuir para a compreensão da experiência vivida na amputação por parte dos participantes, além de possibilitar reflexões que ajudem nos procedimentos desenvolvidos pela equipe interdisciplinar junto a pessoas que passaram por tal experiência. / Amputation is seen as the first surgical procedure done in human history and resonates differently in people who undergo this procedure, depending on the historical moment and the life story of each. This research aimed to understand the experience of people who underwent the amputation process. In trying to understand the guiding question of the study "How is the experience of inhabiting an amputated body?", was adopted the look of existential phenomenology, to Heidegger mode. The participants were six men aged between 20 and 59 years, who have gone through surgery for amputation, regardless of prior disease and the fact that they have already used prostheses. As a means of access to the experiences of the participants chose to stories collected in "Encounters Reflective" practice proposed by Heloisa Szymasnski, which proved as a possibility for exchange and preparation of participants experiênciaspelos of research on the various ways of inhabiting an amputated body. It was also used the "logbook" of the researcher as a record of impressions, observations and feelings to participate in the "Reflective Encounters". As a method for analysis of the narratives, was used the "Analytic of the Sense" of Dulce Critelli, which allowed the unveiling of the phenomenon studied. The results pointed to the lack of understanding and lack of preparation of the hospital staff that deals with amputation surgery with regard to care and listen to the person who is going through such an experience; was revealed that there is a move away from modern natural science to question the body from a perspective that considers the experience of the person who lived amputation; also revealed that for the participants, exist with an amputated body is going through many difficulties, with emphasis on how experience the current condition and the break with the habitual way of life. In this way, this work aims to contribute to the understanding of the lived experience of amputation by the participants, and enable reflections to help in the procedures developed by the interdisciplinary team together with people who have gone through such an experience.