Orientador: Eliane Mauerberg-de-Castro / Banca: José Aparecido da Silva / Banca: Afonso Antonio Machado / Banca: Catia Mary Volp / Banca: Edison Duarte / Resumo: A imagem corporal refere-se a experiências humanas incorporadas ao longo da vida sobre seu próprio corpo. É um construto multifacetado que une a percepção e as atitudes das pessoas, especialmente as preocupações e atitudes relacionadas à aparência física (Cash, Maikkula & Yamamiya, 2004). Quando distorcida, a representação da imagem corporal pode levar o indivíduo a riscos, tais como transtornos alimentares e depressão (Smolak, 2002), que estão entre os principais e mais sérios problemas clínicos encontrados em meninas adolescentes e mulheres jovens na atualidade (Shroff & Thompson, 2006). O objetivo geral deste estudo foi avaliar aspectos comportamentais e perceptivos da imagem corporal de meninas adolescentes com distúrbio de imagem corporal (GCD) e sem distúrbio de imagem corporal (GSD). Especificamente identificar se parâmetros comportamentais (i.e., nível de satisfação com o próprio corpo) são distintos entre os grupos; verificar em tarefa com silhuetas e em tarefa com imagens do próprio corpo a consistência dos sub-componentes afetivo, cognitivo e perceptivo de ambos os grupos; avaliar se parâmetros perceptivos (i.e., expoente da função psicofísica de potência e magnitude do erro no julgamento de dimensões do próprio corpo) diferem entre os grupos; verificar se parâmetros perceptivos são diferentes entre tarefas que incluem imagens da própria pessoa, de pessoa desconhecida e de estímulo neutro (i.e., projeção frontal de um cubo) e se estas possíveis diferenças ocorrem para ambos os grupos; se fatores como distúrbio de imagem, transtorno alimentar e IMC predizem o nível de insatisfação do próprio corpo e se predizem a magnitude do erro no julgamento de dimensões do próprio corpo. Para tanto, 43 participantes do GSD e 10 participantes do GCD responderam a testes e inventários (BSQ, EAT, escala de silhuetas e escala da imagem própria)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Body image is a multi-dimensional construct that combines perceptions and attitudes about the body, particularly those that relate to physical appearance (Cash, Maikkula & Yamamiya, 2004). When body image perception is disturbed-most common amongst teenage girls (Shroff & Thompson, 2006), serious health risks may result, which include eating disorders and depression (Smolak, 2002). The purpose of this study was to assess the behavioral and perceptual aspects of body image in adolescent females with and without body image distortion, (BID) and (NBI). Specifically, it was to identify whether or not behavioral parameters are distinct between groups. The study attempted to verify, in both groups, levels of consistency in sub-components: affective, cognitive and perceptual, using tasks that portrayed the individual's own body as well as a stranger's body. Also assessed was whether or not perceptual parameters could it be determined, and whether or not perceptual parameters are different for tasks that include an individual's own body image versus those tasks that include a stranger's body image and a task with a neutral image. If differences existed between groups, the study attempted to assess whether or not body image disturbance, presence of eating disorder and BMI-body mass index (IMC) predicted levels of individual body dissatisfaction and magnitude of error when the individuals judged the dimensions of their own bodies. Forty-three participants comprised the NBI group, and ten participants comprised the BID group. In order to establish the behavioral components of body image, individuals in both groups were asked to complete questionnaires and inventories (BSQ, EAT, silhouette scale, SIL, and own body image scale, OBI). Also, psychophysical tasks were used to assess the perceptual components of body image. Results of the behavioral aspects related to body image showed that... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:19:36Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 paula_ai_dr_rcla.pdf: 1264548 bytes, checksum: f5f07951ceae1ba51d882db3847be6b2 (MD5) / A imagem corporal refere-se a experiências humanas incorporadas ao longo da vida sobre seu próprio corpo. É um construto multifacetado que une a percepção e as atitudes das pessoas, especialmente as preocupações e atitudes relacionadas à aparência física (Cash, Maikkula & Yamamiya, 2004). Quando distorcida, a representação da imagem corporal pode levar o indivíduo a riscos, tais como transtornos alimentares e depressão (Smolak, 2002), que estão entre os principais e mais sérios problemas clínicos encontrados em meninas adolescentes e mulheres jovens na atualidade (Shroff & Thompson, 2006). O objetivo geral deste estudo foi avaliar aspectos comportamentais e perceptivos da imagem corporal de meninas adolescentes com distúrbio de imagem corporal (GCD) e sem distúrbio de imagem corporal (GSD). Especificamente identificar se parâmetros comportamentais (i.e., nível de satisfação com o próprio corpo) são distintos entre os grupos; verificar em tarefa com silhuetas e em tarefa com imagens do próprio corpo a consistência dos sub-componentes afetivo, cognitivo e perceptivo de ambos os grupos; avaliar se parâmetros perceptivos (i.e., expoente da função psicofísica de potência e magnitude do erro no julgamento de dimensões do próprio corpo) diferem entre os grupos; verificar se parâmetros perceptivos são diferentes entre tarefas que incluem imagens da própria pessoa, de pessoa desconhecida e de estímulo neutro (i.e., projeção frontal de um cubo) e se estas possíveis diferenças ocorrem para ambos os grupos; se fatores como distúrbio de imagem, transtorno alimentar e IMC predizem o nível de insatisfação do próprio corpo e se predizem a magnitude do erro no julgamento de dimensões do próprio corpo. Para tanto, 43 participantes do GSD e 10 participantes do GCD responderam a testes e inventários (BSQ, EAT, escala de silhuetas e escala da imagem própria)... / Body image is a multi-dimensional construct that combines perceptions and attitudes about the body, particularly those that relate to physical appearance (Cash, Maikkula & Yamamiya, 2004). When body image perception is disturbed—most common amongst teenage girls (Shroff & Thompson, 2006), serious health risks may result, which include eating disorders and depression (Smolak, 2002). The purpose of this study was to assess the behavioral and perceptual aspects of body image in adolescent females with and without body image distortion, (BID) and (NBI). Specifically, it was to identify whether or not behavioral parameters are distinct between groups. The study attempted to verify, in both groups, levels of consistency in sub-components: affective, cognitive and perceptual, using tasks that portrayed the individual’s own body as well as a stranger’s body. Also assessed was whether or not perceptual parameters could it be determined, and whether or not perceptual parameters are different for tasks that include an individual’s own body image versus those tasks that include a stranger’s body image and a task with a neutral image. If differences existed between groups, the study attempted to assess whether or not body image disturbance, presence of eating disorder and BMI-body mass index (IMC) predicted levels of individual body dissatisfaction and magnitude of error when the individuals judged the dimensions of their own bodies. Forty-three participants comprised the NBI group, and ten participants comprised the BID group. In order to establish the behavioral components of body image, individuals in both groups were asked to complete questionnaires and inventories (BSQ, EAT, silhouette scale, SIL, and own body image scale, OBI). Also, psychophysical tasks were used to assess the perceptual components of body image. Results of the behavioral aspects related to body image showed that... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a severe and complex psychiatric disorder characterized by significantly low body weight, an intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted body image. Despite otherwise successful treatments, body image distortions are often persistent and are considered a critical factor in the persistence, development, and relapse of AN. The present review outlines the current literature on tactile distance processing in AN to investigate and discuss its proposed role in the persistence and development of a distorted body image. The discussion of literature further discusses its implications for cognitive neuroscience since AN patients display similar symptoms as patients diagnosed with body image-related neuropsychiatric disorders with damage to the parietal lobe. The evidence suggests that individuals with AN have poorer tactile distance estimation than controls but do not differ regarding tactile detection. This review outlines the current literature, identifies gaps within the methodology, and proposes novel directions for future research.

Despite the developmental and clinical importance of body image during the pre-adolescent and adolescent years, there remains a dearth of information on the body image experiences of immigrant children and adolescents. This thesis represents a purposeful attempt to examine body image experiences among immigrant and ethnic minority children and adolescents in Canada and the United States (US). Specifically, the thesis integrates multiple methods (scoping reviews, qualitative interpretive description, quantitative multi-level modeling) and samples (clinical and population-based samples) to systematically contribute to the academic literature focusing on body image experiences among immigrant and ethnic minority children and adolescents in Canada and the US. Consisting of four conceptually related studies, this thesis makes the following methodological and conceptual contributions to epidemiological and clinical research and practice. First, the results from all four studies point to the need to develop standardized approaches for identifying and classifying immigrant and ethnic-minority children and adolescents. This will substantially increase the field’s ability to systematically characterize the nature and magnitude of body image dissatisfaction, body image distortion, and their associated outcomes among immigrant and ethnic minority children and adolescents. In addition, this systematic classification has the potential to inform the development or adaptation of universal and targeted preventative intervention strategies. Second, Study’s 1 and 2 demonstrate a clear need to further examine the constructs and experiences of acculturation and acculturative stress in relation to the body image experiences of immigrant and ethnic minority children and adolescents. The literature is unclear with respect to whether or not immigrant adolescents’ adoption of the values, behaviours and ideals of the Canadian or US culture increases their risk for body image concerns. On the other hand, we are also unclear as to whether or not immigrant adolescents’ retaining of the values, behaviours and ideals of their culture of origin may offer protection from poor body image experiences. Similarly, we are unclear about whether—and to what extent—stress as a result of adolescents’ acculturative experiences (i.e. acculturative stress) influence the onset or pervasiveness of body image concerns. Greater understanding about these constructs and processes and the extent to which they are implicated in the body image experiences among immigrant children and adolescents has the potential to inform culturally competent and targeted intervention approaches. Results from Study 3 indicate that immigrant adolescents have body image and appearance-related concerns that extend beyond what has typically been found among non-immigrant adolescents. More specifically, immigrant adolescents are concerned about the appearance of their skin (texture, complexion), their hair, their teeth, as well as other bodily features. It would be prudent for future researchers and clinicians to consider this information in relation to measuring, classifying and addressing body image dissatisfaction among immigrant adolescents. Finally, Study 4 demonstrates that females and first generation immigrants with body image dissatisfaction are at significantly elevated risk for body image distortion. This suggests that the assessment and intervention for body image dissatisfaction—particularly among females—soon after the migratory experience may play an important role in reducing body image distortion experiences. Taken together, the findings of this thesis strengthen the body image field by demonstrating that there are several unique aspects about being an immigrant that can influence adolescents’ body image experiences; and therefore, should be considered from a conceptual and methodological standpoint in future research and implementation of body image interventions. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Body image dissatisfaction and body image distortion have been linked to serious psychological outcomes, including depression and eating disorders. Yet, we know very little about the nature of these experiences among immigrant and ethnic minority children and adolescents. This thesis uses qualitative and quantitative methods, as well as general population and clinical samples to investigate body image dissatisfaction and body image distortion among immigrant and ethnic minority children and adolescents in Canada and the United States. Results provide important information that can inform the development of preventative interventions targeting body image dissatisfaction and body image distortion among immigrant and non-immigrant children and adolescents.

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