Šio tyrimo tikslas - įvertinti moterų, kurioms atlikta krūties vėžio operacija, kūno įvaizdžio pokyčius, taikant radioterapinį gydymą. Tyrimo metodika. Tyrimas atliktas LSMU Krūtų chirurgijos skyriuje 2012 m. sausio – 2013 m. vasario mėnesiais. Tyrimo metu buvo naudojamos kūno įvaizdžio po krūties vėžio anketa (BIBCQ) ir papildomai sudaryti klausimai sociodemografiniams duomenims išsiaiškinti. Anoniminėje anketinėje apklausoje sutikusios dalyvauti pacientės buvo informuotos apie tyrimą, jo tikslą ir eigą. Sutikusios pacientės dalyvauti tyrime, savo sutikimą patvirtino raštiškai, pasirašydamos informuotą sutikimą. Rezultatai. Apklausoje dalyvavo 98 respondentės, kurių amžius svyravo nuo 30 – 74 metų. Respondenčių amžiaus vidurkis 50,9 m. (SN ± 12,09). Tyrimo rezultatai rodo, kad respondentės didžiausiais balų vidurkiais įvertino „pažeidžiamumo“, „gėdos jausmo dėl savo kūno“ ir „pašalinių žmonių žvilgsnių“ skales. Labai stipri sąsaja nustatyta tarp „gėdos jausmo dėl savo kūno“ su „pažeidžiamumo“, „susirūpinimo dėl savo kūno“ ir „pašalinių žmonių žvilgsnių“ skalėmis. „Pažeidžiamumo“ skalė taip pat labai stipriai susijusi su „susirūpinimu dėl savo kūno“ skale. Socialiniai-demografiniai rodikliai turėjo sąsajas su visomis šešiomis kūno įvaizdžio charakteristikomis. Nustatyta, kad didžiausi kūno įvaizdžio balų vidurkiai turėjo sąsajas su vaisingo amžiaus moterimis, ištekėjusiomis ar gyvenančiomis su gyvenimo draugu, turinčiomis spec. vidurinį ar aukštąjį išsilavinimą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The goal of the study is to evaluate women who underwent breast cancer surgery, body image changes with radiotherapy. Methods. The study was conducted LSMUL Breast Surgery Department in 2012. January - 2013. February. The study has been used in body image after breast cancer questionnaire (BIBCQ) and additionally up questions to find out the socio-demographic data. Patients who agreed to participate in anonymous questionnaire survey, were informed about the study, purpose and progress. Patients consented to participate in the study by signing an informed consent. Results. The survey involved 98 respondents whose ages ranged from 30-74 years. Respondents' average age of 50.9 years (SD ± 12.09). The results show that respondents rated the highest score averages "vulnerability" scale , "body stigma" scale and "transparency" scale. Very strong correlation is found between „body stigma“ with "vulnerability", "body concerns" and " transparency“ scales. "Vulnerability" scale has also very strong correlation with „body concerns"scale. Socio-demographic indicators had correlation to all six characteristics of the body image. It was found that the largest body image point averages had correlation to child-bearing age women, married or living with their common-low, having a secondary or higher education, working, living in the town. Conclusions. 1.The assessment of body image characteristics, among women who underwent breast cancer surgery, during the treatment of radiotherapy... [to full text]

This thesis aimed at revealing the mediator role of self esteem between body satisfaction and depression symptoms relationship in a Turkish University sample. The participants were 232 young adults from differents departments of Middle East Technical University. Hierarchical Regression Analyses were conducted to examine the mediator role of self esteem between body satisfaction and depression symptoms relationship. During these analyses gender, age, height, weight of the subjects and education level of the subjects&rsquo / parents were entered in the first step via stepwise method, and in the second step social support and attachment styles were entered by using stepwise method, in order to control for the potential variance accounted for by these variables. Results of the regression analyses revealed that after controlling for the above mentioned variables, body satisfaction and self esteem were significantly associated with depression symptoms, however after controlling for the effect of self esteem, body satisfaction and depression symptoms relationship disappeared. Moreover, body satisfaction was found to be significantly associated with self esteem, which further supported the mediation hypothesis. Hence, self esteem was found to mediate the body satisfaction and depression symptoms relationship. Results were discussed by referring to the relevant literature.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 18-20). / vii, 20 leaves, bound col. ill. 29 cm

Believing that ideas about evolution and genetics are playing an increasing role in popular conceptions of who we are and what it means to be human, I sought ways to express this through my art. In particular I tried to articulate these notions through figurative sculpture. As the role of figurative sculpture in expressing current ideas about being human has declined in the West, I saw this as a challenge. It was the intent of my Masters program to reposition the sculpted body back within contemporary western cultural contexts. For an understanding of those contexts I relied heavily on my own culturally embedded experience and observations. I took as background my readings of evolutionary inspired literature and linked it with my interpretations of the genetic mythologies so prevalent in recent movies. The result was an image of contemporary humans as multifaceted, yet subservient to their genes. These genes appear to be easily manipulated and the product of technological intervention as much as, if not more than, inherited characteristics. As part of developing a sculptural form able to manifest this, I investigated some non-western traditions. I used field trips and residencies to research Buddhist and Hindu sculptures of the body and developed an interest in the spatial and conceptual relationships between those bodies. Through making figurative work in the studio, I came to realise the figures' inadequacy in expressing temporal relationships. As temporal change is a fundamental element of evolution and genetics, I needed to explore this element. The result was a number of series; groups of works that create their own context of relationships. Not all these groups use sculptures of the body but they evoke the notion of bodies, naturally or technologically hybridised, mutating, transforming, evolving and related to each other generationaly through time.

This research examined the role that idealised image characteristics have in determining post-exposure body image and amount of self-reported social comparisons. This was tested by exposing female undergraduate students to media-portrayed idealised images that varied in their level of relevance, salience, or attainability. A negative impact of these images was indicated by greater post-exposure body dissatisfaction and body size estimation inaccuracy. In contrast, a positive impact was considered to have occurred when body dissatisfaction decreased and body size estimation was more accurate. If the images had a neutral impact on body image, one would expect little difference between groups or over time. A further aim was to determine whether a higher level of trait tendency to compare was related to more negative responding at post-exposure. In addition, thin ideal internalisation and restraint were examined as possible moderators. Studies 1, 2a, 2b, and 3 indicated that idealised image relevance and salience had little differential impact on post-exposure body image. That is, exposure to thin idealised images, irrespective of the salience and relevance manipulations, resulted in similar post-exposure body dissatisfaction and body size estimation. In contrast to this, the attainability of the image seemed to influence post-exposure responding, at least in terms of body size estimation (Study 4). Higher trait tendency to compare was associated with a greater amount of self-reported comparison with the images, but had little impact on body image. Surprisingly, these results were not moderated by thin ideal internalisation or restraint. The role of individual differences was explored with additional analyses in Study 5, which revealed that, when the power is sufficient, thin ideal internalisation, restraint, and self-reported comparisons with the images predicted post-exposure body dissatisfaction, but not body size estimation. Overall, this program of research suggests that idealised image features do not play a vital differential role in determining post-exposure body image, unless it is the body itself that is being manipulated. Results from this research support the idea that the mere presence of an idealised body is sufficient to activate negative responses, and there was little, if any, evidence for the occurrence of positive responses. These findings are discussed in terms of social comparison and schema theory, and in terms of their practical implications.

Several researchers have indicated that the emphasis placed by young people on body shape and appearance has been greatly shaped by the media. The aim of this research was to investigate this notion specifically with regard to televised media. It was hypothesised that there would be a relationship between media images, eating attitudes and dietary behaviours, particularly for teenagers with body-image self-schemas who were conscious of their appearance. Nine hundred and sixty five senior secondary school students, from 33 country and metropolitan, state and independent, co-educational and single-sex South Australian high schools were surveyed. Fifty-six percent of the sample were adolescent girls and the average age of participants was 16.1 years. The questionnaire included sections on television usage, dieting behaviours, eating restraint and eating habits, as well as attitudes to foods, gender and appearance. Cluster analysis procedures indicated that it was possible to cluster television viewers into four distinct groups, "Telephiliacs", "Telephobics", "Modellers" and a "Relaxation/Information" group. These groups were classified according to television usage. Telephiliacs made the mose use of television, using it to gain information, for relaxation and entertainment and as a resource for body image and appearance standards; Modellers used it as a guide on which to model their appearance and behaviour; the Relaxation/Information group used it to relax and to gain information; and Telephobics did not watch much television and made the least use of it. The results of discriminant analyses confirmed that these cluster groups were different and that they could be distinguished by attitudes to appearance, dieting behaviours and foods consumed. The findings support the notion that the adolescent television audience is an active one and that television usage is dependent upon the needs of the individual. Television usage varied amongst adolescents and it was more likely to be used as a source of reference for body image standards by teenagers who were conscious of their appearance. These teenagers were also more likely to diet. Any outcomes related to television usage were accentuated if teenagers believed that television was "real". The findings suggest that television perpetuates an image of the thin body ideal and acts as a source of reference for adolescents with body-image self-schemas. / Thesis (M.Ed.)--Department of Education, 1996.

This qualitative study explores the experiences of female adolescents in relation to physical activity. The study investigates the experience of being adolescent and the meaning of a female adolescent’s experience of physical activity. A qualitative description with a phenomenological hue was the methodology used. Their perceptions of their lived experiences in relation to physical activity were revealed through stories. The participants were six adolescent females. The study data was gathered through open-ended questions and in-depth conversations, to seek meaning of the adolescent’s experience of physical activity. The interviews were transcribed and stories extracted from the data. Results from the findings of the study indicate that physical activity needs to be enjoyable for the female adolescent for her to be motivated to participate. What specifically constitutes enjoyment for the adolescent differs for each individual. The data also suggested that other persons of influence or the female adolescent’s environment may also have an impact on their participation. Peers, parents, their gender, body issues, competition, running, and certain restrictions were revealed as making a difference. For the female adolescent participating in physical activity, it would be advantageous to find an approach that allows a girl to experience physical activity in the way that works for her. Some participants, already good at sports, are likely to be very competitive, want to train hard, and will build friendships among their like-minded peers. These female adolescents are not so problematic. They already love physical activity and participate in it. The challenge is to target those female adolescents who do not participate on a regular basis, and to design successful interventions which promote and encourage them into physical activity. This change may prevent a further decline in the levels of physical activity for the adolescent who is at a stage when physical activity may be so advantageous.

In recent years research has recognised that notions of body image, body image ideals and body dissatisfaction develop much earlier than was once thought. However, the growing body of evidence in this area of research is predominantly quantitative. This study was designed to engage children in the five to six year age group using qualitative methods and present their notions of body image through the looking glass of the children's own eyes. Children's voices have not often found their way into research. Concerns about their powers of communication, cognitive abilities and the ethical difficulties inherent when working with children have restricted their participation. Objective, empirical evidence suggests that if one engages children in research appropriately they are able to make a significant contribution. Forty-seven children (25=m; 22=f) aged between five and six years were interviewed on three occasions over 12 months regarding their perceptions of body image. Seven schools from the Independent school system were involved. Interviews were conducted on school sites in public, easily observable locations. The study focused on three aspects. That is, how these children perceived their own body, the bodies of other people and their notions of health in respect to body image. These interviews revealed that the girls in this age group had developed an understanding of body image that valued thinness. However, their preference for a thinner body did not negatively impact on their sense of identity or self-worth. Boys preferred larger bodies and correlated increased body size with competence and physical aptitude. The concept of 'large' was linked to height for some or to a mesomorphic body for other boys. By the final interview all the children revealed strong negative perceptions of fatness. These perceptions were more apparent at each successive interview. An obese or extremely thin body was not always correlated with being unhealthy. Depending on the perspective of the child, even the largest of images was nominated the 'healthiest body' by some children. Health was overwhelmingly linked to food intake with few children associating health with exercise. The playground and the home, where most notably mothers, were important in the development of body image conceptions. Children were acutely aware of the dietary practices of their parents and associated diets with losing weight. / PhD Doctorate

Thesis (M. Ed.(Opvoedkundige sielkunde))-Universiteit van Pretoria, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 139-?) - (Not included in copy) Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 1999. / Chair: Jay Cantor. Submitted to the Dept. of English and American Literature. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 200-211). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;