This diploma thesis summarizes recent knowledge about body scheme, spatial orientation and their change in context of chronic pain. The purpose of this work is to find out if chronic pain negatively affects the body scheme and spatial orientation. The thesis includes a comparative analysis of experimental measurements between the patients with Failed Back Surgery Syndrome and healthy control group. The analysis compares tasks based on spatial orientation and body scheme tests. Results show the patients' group having lower results in body scheme related tests, showing a noticeable disparity compared to the control group's test scores. These results were further supported by portion of spatial orientation based tasks, where patients' group again performed at significantly lower level than the control group. In conclusion, our thesis, along with other academic works, states that there is a correlation between chronic pain, disrupted body scheme and spatial orientation. However, at the present time it could not be determined whether the pain precedes the effect of disrupted body scheme or vice versa. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Objectives: This diploma thesis briefly summarizes the current knowledge about the neurophysiological and functional somatosensory influence of sedentary and non-sedentary occupations on the individual. The experimental part compares the quality of somatognostic functions in cohorts with sedentary occupations (SO) versus non-sedentary occupations (NSO). The NSO group positions and movements often alternate and static positions are not held for long periods. Methods: Both groups had the same number of probands. Ore-emptive questionnaires provided anamnestic data for each individual. Afterwards, somatosensory functions were assessed using six selected tests; 2 tests for upper extremity proprioception (UEP), 2 tests for lower extremity proprioception (LEP) and 2 tests for body size perception. Results: There was a significant difference in the results of the four tests measuring quality of proprioception of the upper and lower extremities. The NSO group showed more accurate results. In the UEP test measured in sitting posture, there was an average deviation 4,4ř in the SO group, and 3,1ř in the NSO group (p = 0,021). In the UEP test measured in standing posture, there was an average deviation 4.0 cm in the SO group, and 3,0 cm in the NSO group (p = 0.025). In the LEP test measured in standing posture,...

The aim of the thesis is to make a resume for a view of body and corporality in relationship with the existence and cognition aspect to res cogitans and res extensa. The issue provides analysis of Cartesian's world extension and its reach over to present time through symbols, medicines and religion. Simultaneously the essence of authentic life in the truth as the most important essence and sense of life's existence is given as well. Keywords: Body, corporality, body scheme, truth, authenticity

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:46:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3608.pdf: 7521681 bytes, checksum: 439cbd6554d476ab47d09f83db4223c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Body scheme is very important in the human development once the body is the center of integration and relationship with the world. A blind child, when not properly stimulated, may show alterations related to the structuring of the body scheme. Therefore, an early evaluation diagnosing alterations related to the psychomotor development of the child is extremely important. Several instruments evaluate the body scheme. However, most of them use visual information, which is hardly understood by a blind child. Therefore, the objective of this study was to elaborate and validate an instrument of evaluation of Body Scheme which is adequate to blind children. As methodological procedures, 5 children aged between 6 and 9 years old with congenital blindness, but without any other associated symptoms, and regularly enrolled in a specialized institution for visually impaired children were selected. This study was developed in three steps. The first one corresponds to the phase of construction of the instrument; the second one concerns the process of validation of content where the instrument has gone through and analysis of a committee composed of seven judges; the third one corresponds to the application of the instrument. Therefore, a version of the instrument composed of 4 items was elaborated. This version was sent to the committee who analyzed each item based on clarity of language, theoretical pertinence, viability of application and adequacy of construction. Item 1 Exploring the body obtained 80% agreement; item 2 Playing getting dressed received 70% agreement; item 3 Imitating gestures 60% agreement; item 4 Puzzle 75% agreement. The criterion of permanence of an item was a minimum of 80% agreement among the judges and this way, only item 1 remained as it was in the first version; item 2 was excluded and items 3 and 4 were modified. Based on the suggestions of the judges and the rate of agreement, a second version of the instrument composed of three items was elaborated and was applied as a pilot to the aforementioned population. The percentage of right responses of the five children was of 82%, 74%, 90%, 53%, 93% respectively. Through the observations made, some modifications related to the methodologies of applications have been proposed. Therefore it is possible to consider that the initial objective of the study has been achieved, once it has been possible to elaborate the instrument and validate its content by verifying its adequacy to blind children. / O esquema corporal é importante ao desenvolvimento humano, uma vez que o corpo é o centro de integração e relacionamento com o mundo. A criança com cegueira, quando não estimulada adequadamente, poderá apresentar alterações relacionadas à estruturação do esquema corporal. Assim, uma avaliação precoce, que possibilite o diagnóstico de alterações relacionadas ao desenvolvimento psicomotor da criança, é de grande importância. Diversos instrumentos avaliam o esquema corporal, no entanto, a maioria, utiliza-se de informações visuais dificilmente compreendidas pela criança com cegueira. Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi elaborar e validar um instrumento de avaliação do esquema corporal, verificando sua adequação a crianças com cegueira. Como procedimentos metodológicos, foram selecionadas 5 crianças com idades entre 6 e 9 anos com cegueira congênita, sem outros tipos de comprometimentos associados, matriculadas em uma instituição de atendimento especializado à crianças com deficiência visual. Este estudo foi desenvolvido em três etapas, a primeira correspondeu à fase de construção do instrumento, a segunda diz respeito ao processo de validação de conteúdo, onde o instrumento passou pela análise de um comitê formado por sete juízes, a terceira correspondeu à aplicação do instrumento. Assim, foi elaborada inicialmente uma versão do instrumento composta por quatro itens, esta versão foi enviada ao comitê o qual analisou cada item nos quesitos, clareza de linguagem, pertinência teórica, viabilidade de aplicação, e adequação ao constructo. O item 1- Passeio pelo corpo obteve 80% de concordância; o item 2- Brincando de se vestir recebeu 70% de concordância, o item 3- Imitação de gestos 60% e o item 4- Quebra-cabeça 75%. Adotou-se como critério de permanência do item o mínimo de 80% de concordância entre os juízes, assim apenas o item 1 permaneceu como na primeira versão, o item 2 foi excluído e os itens 3 e 4 foram modificados. Com base nas sugestões dos juízes e do índice de concordância foi elaborada uma segunda versão do instrumento composta por três itens, a qual foi aplicada em caráter de teste piloto na população descrita anteriormente. A porcentagem de acertos das cinco crianças foi de 82%, 74%, 90%, 53%, 93% respectivamente. Por meio das observações realizadas foram propostas algumas modificações relacionadas à metodologia de aplicação do teste. Diante do exposto, é possível considerar que o objetivo inicial do estudo foi alcançado uma vez que foi possível elaborar o instrumento e realizar a validade de conteúdo do mesmo verificando sua adequação a crianças com cegueira congênita.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a mental illnes manifesting itselg, among other signs, with impaired body schema and rejection of food. Principal focus of the thesis was to assess the discrimination treshold, ability to evaluate sensory perception and body self-concept in adolescent female patients hospitalised with anorexia nervosa. Our goal was to clarify and better understand the still not adequately described neurophysiological aspects of anorexia nervosa. The results were compared to control group; both groups comprised 18 girls, the average age of observed group being 14,7 ± 0,71 years and average age of control group being 15,3 ±0,71 years. Two-point discrimination was examined in three areas - arm, between shoulder blades and belly - with modified caliper. The Petrie test was used in sensory perception testing, while body self-concept was measured with BAT questionare. The examinations were performed in standardised conditions during similar day times. We found significant difference in two-point discrimination in the area between the shoulder blades with significance level α = 5 % and p-value p = 0,0001. A statistically significant difference was also observed in body self-concept with significance level α = 5 % and p-value p = 0,017. Thus we conclude that patients suffering from anorexia nervosa...