This thesis describes a research project undertaken in a school located in a deprive neighbourhood of Bogota, the capital of Colombia. The project investigated the effects of musical experiences on social and musical development by means of a mixed methods approach involving children, parents, and teachers. The project comprises three studies: an experimental intervention study; and interviews study and a psycho-musicological study. The experimental intervention study was carried out with two groups of 52 children between six to eight years old; the experimental group followed a music programme of a singing workshop in which children made musical improvisations. The interviews study carried out interviews with the children, parent and teacher conducted during the intervention programme. The psycho-musicological case study analyse the musical improvisations of six of the children. Data analysis includes the statistical analysis of the children‘s tests (Harter´s Perceived Competence Scale for Children, 1999)and Self-Efficacy in Music, Hargreaves et al., 2002), qualitative analysis of parents‘, children‘s and teachers‘ interviews and a psycho-musicological analysis of children‘s musical improvisations (Ockelford, 2007) and its relation to children‘s cognitive and socio-emotional development. The principal findings are that the cognitive component of the self-identity of children who undertook the music programme increased. This appears to be related to the children‘s cultural environment, their parents‘ attitudes, and the idiosyncratic ways in which they use music to express themselves. Music appears to help them to be resilient, to manage the challenges they face, and to adapt to changes in the environment.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-12-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:15:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 beltran_jp_me_rcla.pdf: 7197915 bytes, checksum: c4855ca17cda6f5778574343776bca36 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Faz algumas décadas a cidade de Bogotá tem experimentado um significativo crescimento urbano. Fatores como o deslocamento forçado, as migrações e as poucas garantias de segurança e desenvolvimento econômico nas áreas rurais fazem piorar este processo de crescimento. Mais de 72% da população habita áreas urbanas de Bogotá, capital da Colômbia, conta com quase sete milhões de habitantes tornando-se cidade mais povoada do país e gerando uma grande demanda de moradia e serviços públicos que não são cobertos na totalidade. Esta investigação foi levada a cabo em cinco setores de Bogotá - em cinco estudos de caso onde a situação ambiental e social, somada ao crescimento urbano, constitui um cenário complexo. Estes estudos de caso mostram a situação dos mananciais, um setor dos morros orientais da cidade, evidenciando a progressiva invasão de moradia ilegal e seus efeitos sócios ambientais. / For some decades Bogotá has come experiencing a significant urban growth, factors like the forced displacement, the migrations and the few guarantees of security and economy in the rural areas, make worse this growth. More than 72% of populations are living in urban areas, in the case of Bogotá the capital of Colombia, this count with almost seven millions of inhabitants, becoming the populated city in the country, generating a great housing demand and public services that don't cover in their entirety. This investigation was carried out in five sectors of Bogotá city, with the interest of case studies, where the environmental and social situation, added to the urban growth, constitutes a complex scenario. These case studies show the situation of the natural lakes and one sector of the oriental hills of the city, evidencing the progressive invasion of illegal housing and their social and environmental effects.

A partir de l’évolution des écarts spatiaux des prix du logement et des prix fonciers entre sept secteurs de Bogota, entre 1970 et 2012, cette thèse analyse l’ampleur des recompositions socio-spatiales de la ville. En croisant l’analyse urbaine et l’étude de marchés immobiliers, cette recherche aborde l’évolution des secteurs déjà construits de la ville et les variations des prix des logements anciens. Contrairement aux recherches qui insistent sur la profondeur et la rapidité des transformations des villes latino-américaines sous l’effet de la globalisation, nos résultats montrent que les différences spatiales des prix du logement restent stables. Seuls les écarts spatiaux des prix fonciers augmentent pendant notre période d’étude. L’analyse statistique des facteurs explicatifs de l’inertie des écarts spatiaux des prix montre que la stabilité globale résulte de la conjonction de deux tendances ayant des effets opposés. La diffusion des commerces réduit les écarts spatiaux des prix, alors que la valeur symbolique du secteur de résidence explique le maintien des différences spatiales des prix. Quant aux prix fonciers, la densification des constructions explique une portion des écarts croissants entre secteurs de la ville, mais reste insuffisante pour comprendre l’ampleur des évolutions constatées / Following the evolution of the gaps in housing and land values between seven sectors of Bogotá between 1970 and 2012, this thesis analyzes the scale of urban socio-spatial transformations. By overlapping urban analysis with the study of real estate markets, this analysis deals with the evolution of already-built areas and their housing prices. In contrast with research that emphasizes the depth and rapidity of transformations in Latin American cities during globalization, our findings show that gaps in housing prices from one area to another remain stable. During the period studied, only in the realm of land value gaps in prices between one area and another did actually widen. The statistical analysis of factors explaining the stability of gaps between housing prices from one area to another reveals that overall stability results from the conjunction of two trends with opposite effects. The spatial diffusion of shopping outlets reduces the gaps in housing prices from one area to another, to the same extent as the symbolic or perceived value of each of these residential areas keeps these gaps in prices entrenched. As for land prices, the densification of buildings explains to some extent the widening gaps in prices between some sectors of the city, but this one factor is not enough to explain the extent of the observed evolutions