Thesis (M.S.)--University of Louisville, 1997. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Umeå University, Sweden, 1994. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Louisville, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Umeå University, Sweden, 1994. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / As doenÃas periodontais sÃo as principais causas de perda de dentes em adultos. O fator etiolÃgico preponderante para desencadear a periodontite à o acumulo do biofilme dental com predominÃncia de bactÃrias anaerÃbicas gram negativas. Apesar de ser de origem bacteriana a resposta inflamatÃria induzida a partir de fatores do hospedeiro pode influenciar na progressÃo e nas caracterÃsticas clÃnicas da doenÃa periodontal. A perda Ãssea alveolar à tÃpica na evoluÃÃo desta patologia e dependente da atividade osteoclÃstica. Por sua vez, um dos mecanismos de reabsorÃÃo Ãssea por estas cÃlulas à atravÃs da produÃÃo de prÃtons liberados nos vacÃolos de reabsorÃÃo pela atividade da anidrase carbÃnica. Tem sido relatado que inibidores desta enzima, como acetazolamida, tem aÃÃo supressora sobre osteoclastos. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito da acetazolamida (ACTZ) na perda Ãssea induzida no modelo de periodontite experimental em ratos, bem como a dosagem de biomarcadores sÃricos do processo inflamatÃrio periodontal e anÃlise histolÃgica do periodonto. AnÃlises de seguranÃa tambÃm foram realizadas atravÃs de hemograma completo, dosagens de TGP, TGO, gama-GT e histopatologia de ÃrgÃos como: fÃgado, rins, baÃo, coraÃÃo e pulmÃo. Para avaliaÃÃo da perda Ãssea alveolar 50 ratos receberam ligaduras de nylon na regiÃo do segundo molar superior esquerdo. Os animais foram divididos em seis grupos: Grupo veÃculo (propilenoglicol) (n=9), grupo controle positivo (alendronato 0,08 mg/Kg) (n=7), grupo controle negativo (salina) (n=9) e grupos que receberam acetazolamida via I.P. nas doses (8,3, 25 e 75 mg/Kg [grupos ACTZ8,3, ACTZ25 e ACTZ75, respectivamente] n= 7, 9 e 9). ApÃs 11 dias, os ratos foram mortos. A perda Ãssea alveolar foi avaliada macroscopicamente atravÃs da Ãrea de exposiÃÃo de raiz. Em outros quatro grupos, ACTZ25 (n=5) e veÃculo (n=5), o periodonto foi analisado histologicamente apÃs 11 e 17 dias de ligadura por coloraÃÃo em HE. Biomarcadores sÃricos foram dosados (IL-1&#61537;, IL-4, fractalkine, CINC-2, CINC-3, LIX, GM-CSF, &#946;NGF, VEGF e CNTF) atravÃs da tÃcnica de microarray antes e depois da ligadura em trÃs grupos; ACTZ25, Veiculo e Sham (cirurgia simulada). No grupo de ACTZ25 foi realizada a anÃlise de seguranÃa (alpha=5%). Macroscopicamente, o grupo alendronato (controle positivo) apresentou a menor perda Ãssea, seguido do grupo ACTZ75 e ACTZ25 (p<0.05) quando comparados aos controles veÃculo e salina que nÃo diferiram entre si (p>0.05). Histologicamente, o grupo ACTZ apresentou a menor reabsorÃÃo de osso e cemento (p<0,05) apÃs 17 dias de ligadura, nÃo houve diferenÃa entre o grupo ACTZ25 e o veÃculo quanto ao infiltrado inflamatÃrio (P>0,05) . As maiores concentraÃÃes de IL-4 e CNTF foram observadas no grupo ACTZ25 (p< 0,05) quando comparado ao grupo veÃculo. As anÃlises de seguranÃa demonstraram que acetazolamida na dosagem de 25 mg/Kg foi bem tolerada sem alteraÃÃes significativas do hemograma, nas enzimas hepÃticas e histopatologia dos ÃrgÃos pesquisados. ConcluÃmos que a acetazolamida pode proteger o periodonto da reabsorÃÃo Ãssea induzida por ligadura em ratos e pode estar associada a mediadores envolvidos com o reparo, como a IL-4 e CNTF, alÃm de ser bem tolerada. / Periodontal diseases are the main cause of tooth loss in adults. The preponderant etiologic factor for the onset of periodontitis is the accumulation of dental biofilm with predominance of anaerobic gram negative bacteria. In spite of being of bacterial origin, the inflammatory response induced by factors in the host may influence the progression and clinical characteristics of periodontal disease. Alveolar bone is typical in the development of this pathology and is dependent on osteoclastic activity. In turn, one of the mechanisms of bone resorption by these cells is through the production of protons released in the resorption vacuoles by carbonic anhydrase activity. It has been reported that carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, such as acetazolamide, have a suppressive action on osteoclasts. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of acetazolamide (ACTZ) on bone loss induced in the experimental periodontitis model in rats, as well as the dosage of seric biomarkers in the periodontal inflammatory process and histologic analysis of the periodontium. Safety analyses were also performed by means of a complete hemogram, biochemical tests for TGP, TGO, gama-GT and histopathology of organs such as: the liver, kidneys, spleen, heart and lungs. To evaluate alveolar bone loss, 50 rats received nylon ligatures in the maxillary left second molar region. The animals were divided into six groups: Vehicle Group (propylenoglycol) (n=9), Positive Control Group (alendronate 0.08 V (n=7), Negative Control Group (saline) (n=6) and Groups that received acetazolamide I.P. in the following doses: (8.3, 25 and 75 mg/Kg [Groups ACTZ8,3, ACTZ25 and ACTZ75 respectively] n= 7, 9 and 9). After 11 days, the rats were sacrificed. Alveolar bone loss was macroscopically evaluated by means of the area of root exposure. In another four groups, ACTZ25 (n=5) and vehicle (n=5), the periodontium was histologically analyzed after 11 and 17 days of ligature, by HE staining. Seric biomarkers were dosed (IL-1&#61537;, IL-4, fractalkine, CINC-2, CINC-3, LIX, GM-CSF, &#946;NGF, VEGF and CNTF) by means of the microarray technique before and after ligature in three groups; ACTZ25, Vehicle and Sham (simulated surgery). In the ACTZ25 group, safety analysis was performed (alpha=5%). Macroscopically, the alendronate Group (positive control) presented the lowest bone loss, followed by Groups ACTZ75 and ACTZ25 (p<0.05) when compared with the vehicle and saline controls, which did not differ between them (p>0.05). Histologically, the ACTZ group presented the lowest bone and cement resorption (p<0.05) after 17 days of ligature, and there was no difference between the ACTZ25 and vehicle groups with regard to inflammatory infiltrate (P>0.05). The highest concentrations of IL-4 and CNTF were observed in Group ACTZ25 (p< 0.05) when compared with the vehicle group. The safety analyses demonstrated that acetazolamide at the dose of 25 mg/Kg was well tolerated without significant alterations in the hemogram, hepatic enzymes and histopathology of the researched organ. It was concluded that acetazolamide may protect the periodontium from bone resorption induced by ligature in rats, and may be associated with mediators involved in repair, such as IL-4 and CNTF, in addition to being well tolerated.

AIM: To measure marginal bone loss around endosseous dental implants at 2nd stage abutment surgery and retrospectively evaluate the association of pre-surgical variables with bone findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two implant systems were included in the study design. Straumann Bone Level Tapered SLActive and Nobel Biocare Replace Conical Connection. Implants were placed by the same resident from the Periodontics department. Clinical measurements of bone level were recorded at the time of placement and then again at 2nd stage surgery at four different points (mesial, lingual, buccal, distal). RESULTS: Five implants were evaluated in the study. Bone loss averages ranged from 0-1.0mm. Nobel implants had an average loss of .75mm and Straumann implants had an average loss of .67mm. CONCLUSION: Many variables contribute to marginal bone loss around endosseous dental implants at 2nd stage abutment surgery. The current research was designed to understand the relationship between these variables and early marginal bone loss. All implant samples included here were defined as control because of ≤1.0mm bone loss per IRB protocol.

Specialty magazines play a role in shaping how females of all ages view the world and themselves. This world for teens is often focused on dating, fashion and the evolving and conflicting issues of self-confidence and body image. Home, health and career messages predominate women's magazines. A young woman retains the opportunity to increase her bone density through her late twenties at which time bone density holds steady until the onset of menopause. The 1989 calcium Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) were increased from 800 mg/d to 1200 mg/d for only one female age group: 19-22 y, which was extended to 19-24 y to maximize the opportunity for peak bone accretion. In recognition of this change and the inverse relationship that exists between bone mass and body weight, the frequency of calcium and weight loss content was compared between teen-focused magazines (Seventeen and Mademoiselle) and women's magazines (Good Housekeeping and Ladies Home Journal) for two four-year periods (1986-89 and 1991- 94). Women's magazines were found to have 20 times the calcium coverage in overall area (ads, articles and columns) and 40 times the number of calcium ads as found in teen-focused magazines. In contrast, teen-focused magazines published 1.4 times more weight loss area than was found in women's magazines. The calcium message has primarily been offered to women past their best opportunity to affect bone mass. There was no impact on calcium coverage for either magazine type due to the release of the 1989 RDAs. / Master of Science

A presente investigação propôs-se a realizar uma análise radiográfica de pacientes em manutenção periodontal do Programa de Pós-Graduação da Disciplina de Periodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo. A porcentagem da perda óssea alveolar foi correlacionada com a idade, o fumo , o gênero, os arcos, os grupos de dentes e faces proximais por meio de exames radiográficos completos periapicais. A amostra deste trabalho foi composta por 27 sujeitos da pesquisa do gênero masculino e 53 do gênero feminino, com idade de 16 a 84 anos (média de 48,3 anos). Foram digitalizadas 1120 radiografias periapicais (1970 dentes) e posteriormente, analisadas com o software Image Tool ® (University of Texas Health and Science Center). O critério utilizado para se considerar perda óssea foi que a distância junção esmalte cemento (JEC) à crista óssea alveolar (COA) fosse > que 2 mm. Dois examinadores calibrados (p < 0,0001), realizaram as medidas da perda óssea. A média da perda óssea da amostra foi 20,61% (± 12,12). A prevalência foi maior em fumantes. No entanto, não houve diferença entre homens e mulheres (p > 0,05). A superfície distal e a arco superior apresentaram maiores perdas, bem como o grupo de incisivos e molares superiores. O grupo etário que apresentou maior perda óssea foi o de 45 a 54 anos. O fumo e a faixa etária de 45 a 54 anos são as variáveis que, isoladamente, apresentaram indivíduos com maior susceptibilidade à perda óssea alveolar, quando avaliada radiograficamente. / The aim of the present investigation was to perform a radiographic analysis of patients in Periodontal Maintenance from the Department of Periodontology Graduation - Dentistry College University of São Paulo. Complete sets of periapical radiographs provided data for alveolar bone loss percentage which was correlated to age, smoking status, gender, arches, teeth group and proximal sites. The sample was consisted of 27 male and 53 female subjects with age from 16 to 84 years old (mean 48,3 years). 1120 radiographs (1970 teeth) were digitalized and analyzed with the software Image Tool ® (University of Texas - Health and Science Center). The criteria used to consider bone loss was when the distance from the cement enamel junction to the apex was greater than 2 mm. Two examiners, intra and inter calibrated (p < 0,0001) were responsible for taking the radiographic measurements of bone loss. The mean bone loss of the sample was 20,61%. The prevalence of bone loss was greater in smokers. Nevertheless, there was no difference between male and female (p < 0,0005). The distal surface and the superior arch had the greatest bone loss, as well as the group of incisors and superior molars. The age group of 45- 54 had the highest scores for bone loss. Smoking and group age from 45 to 54 years are two independent variables that may characterize those individuals most prone to alveolar bone loss.

Cancer is currently the second most common cause of death in the U.S. with over 600,000 people expected to die from cancer this year alone. The diagnosis of cancer steadily increased through most of the 20th century due to a rise in tobacco usage, causing a relatively recent growth in cancer research. In the past several decades, treatments for cancer have been rapidly changing and advancing, and it is vital to understand how these medications affect the human skeleton. Presently, little research has been conducted on how medications alter the human skeleton and impact the biological profile. One of the primary side effects of drug and radiation-based treatments for a neoplasm is cancer treatment-induced bone loss (CTIBL), which may impact the expression of sexual dimorphism in morphological traits. It is hypothesized that CTIBL would decrease the robusticity of sexually dimorphic nonmetric traits and skew the ordinal scores towards gracile. A total of 178 individuals with documented cancer and/or treatment and 178 individuals without documented cancer from the William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, were assessed following conventional sex assessment standards for the skull and os coxa. These methods presented by Buikstra and Ubelaker (1994), Klales et al. (2012), and Walker (2005) were applied to the os coxa and Walker’s (2008) method for the skull. The individuals ranged in age from 26 to 97 years and included 350 European Americans, two African Americans, one Asian/Polynesian, and three Native Americans. The control group was designed to parallel the experimental group by demographic information including sex, ancestry, and age-at-death. The experimental group was also subdivided into two groups that included individuals that underwent chemotherapy and/or radiation (drug subgroup) and individuals who only underwent surgery as a form of treatment (surgery subgroup). Thirty-six randomly selected individuals were also rescored to test for intraobserver agreement. IBM’s Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to calculate Chi-Square, ANOVA, ANCOVA, and Cohen’s Kappa analyses. The Chi-Square and ANOVA analyses were used to determine if there was any statistically significant relationship between cancer treatment status and the scores of the morphological traits. The results indicated no significant relationship between cancer treatment status and the trait scores (p > 0.05) for all analyses except for the Chi-square analysis of the glabella for females in the pooled sample (p=0.047) and the ANOVA analysis of the ventral arc in the surgery group when sex was not considered (p=0.010). It is possible that these traits are affected by cancer treatment status. However, it is more likely that these results were due to natural variation between the control and experimental groups. Intraobserver agreement was calculated using Cohen’s Kappa analysis. Intraobserver agreement ranged from fair to substantial with most traits indicating moderate intraobserver agreement. Some possible confounders of the study include the unknown duration of cancer treatments, the use of a history of cancer as a proxy for cancer treatment, not knowing when the individual underwent cancer treatment before death, and the assumption that the individuals included in the sample were accurately documented. Cancer Treatment-Induced Bone Loss may only affect bone mineral density as opposed to the expression of sexually dimorphic traits as many of these visually assessed traits are sites of muscle attachments. Though CTIBL does not appear to affect morphological sex assessment, further research should be conducted on the possible effects of CTIBL for other components of the biological profile.

A presente investigação propôs-se a realizar uma análise radiográfica de pacientes em manutenção periodontal do Programa de Pós-Graduação da Disciplina de Periodontia da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo. A porcentagem da perda óssea alveolar foi correlacionada com a idade, o fumo , o gênero, os arcos, os grupos de dentes e faces proximais por meio de exames radiográficos completos periapicais. A amostra deste trabalho foi composta por 27 sujeitos da pesquisa do gênero masculino e 53 do gênero feminino, com idade de 16 a 84 anos (média de 48,3 anos). Foram digitalizadas 1120 radiografias periapicais (1970 dentes) e posteriormente, analisadas com o software Image Tool ® (University of Texas Health and Science Center). O critério utilizado para se considerar perda óssea foi que a distância junção esmalte cemento (JEC) à crista óssea alveolar (COA) fosse > que 2 mm. Dois examinadores calibrados (p < 0,0001), realizaram as medidas da perda óssea. A média da perda óssea da amostra foi 20,61% (± 12,12). A prevalência foi maior em fumantes. No entanto, não houve diferença entre homens e mulheres (p > 0,05). A superfície distal e a arco superior apresentaram maiores perdas, bem como o grupo de incisivos e molares superiores. O grupo etário que apresentou maior perda óssea foi o de 45 a 54 anos. O fumo e a faixa etária de 45 a 54 anos são as variáveis que, isoladamente, apresentaram indivíduos com maior susceptibilidade à perda óssea alveolar, quando avaliada radiograficamente. / The aim of the present investigation was to perform a radiographic analysis of patients in Periodontal Maintenance from the Department of Periodontology Graduation - Dentistry College University of São Paulo. Complete sets of periapical radiographs provided data for alveolar bone loss percentage which was correlated to age, smoking status, gender, arches, teeth group and proximal sites. The sample was consisted of 27 male and 53 female subjects with age from 16 to 84 years old (mean 48,3 years). 1120 radiographs (1970 teeth) were digitalized and analyzed with the software Image Tool ® (University of Texas - Health and Science Center). The criteria used to consider bone loss was when the distance from the cement enamel junction to the apex was greater than 2 mm. Two examiners, intra and inter calibrated (p < 0,0001) were responsible for taking the radiographic measurements of bone loss. The mean bone loss of the sample was 20,61%. The prevalence of bone loss was greater in smokers. Nevertheless, there was no difference between male and female (p < 0,0005). The distal surface and the superior arch had the greatest bone loss, as well as the group of incisors and superior molars. The age group of 45- 54 had the highest scores for bone loss. Smoking and group age from 45 to 54 years are two independent variables that may characterize those individuals most prone to alveolar bone loss.