Meat and bone meal (MBM) is a byproduct of the rendering industries. It is found to be responsible for the transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in animals and is no longer used as a feed to animals. There are various methods for disposal of MBM such as land filling, incineration, combustion, pyrolysis and gasification. Gasification appears to be one of the best options. High temperature of gasification reaction destroys the potential BSE pathogens and produces gases which can be further used to produce valuable liquid chemicals by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis or to generate electricity. Gasification of meat and bone meal followed by thermal cracking/ reforming of tar was carried out using oxygen and steam separately at atmospheric pressure using a two-stage fixed bed reaction system in series. The first stage was used for the gasification and the second stage was used for thermal cracking/ reforming of tar.<p> Meat and bone meal was successfully gasified in the two-stage fixed bed reaction system using two different oxidants (oxygen and steam) separately. In gasification using oxygen, the effects of temperature (650 850 °C) of both stages, equivalence ratio (ER) (actual O2 supply/stoichiometric O2 required for complete combustion) (0.15 0.3) and the second stage packed bed height (40 100 mm) on the product (char, tar and gas) yield and gas (H2, CO, CO2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, C3H8) composition were studied. It was observed that the two-stage process increased hydrogen production from 7.3 to 22.3 vol. % (N2 free basis) and gas yield from 30.8 to 54.6 wt. % compared to single stage. Temperature and equivalence ratio had significant effects on the hydrogen production and product distribution. It was observed that higher gasification (850 °C) and cracking (850°C) reaction temperatures were favorable for higher gas yield of 52.2 wt. % at packed bed height of 60 mm and equivalence ratio of 0.2. The tar yield decreased from 18.6 wt. % to 14.2 wt. % and that of gas increased from 50.6 wt. % to 54.6 wt. % by changing the packed bed height of second stage from 40 to 100 mm while the gross heating value (GHV) of the product gas remained almost constant (16.2 16.5 MJ/m3).<p> In gasification using steam, effects of temperature (650 850 °C) of each stage, steam/MBM (wt/ wt) (0.4 -0.8), and packed bed height (40 -100 mm) in second stage on the product (Char, liquid and gas) distribution and gas (H2, CO, CO2, CH4, C2H4, other H/C) composition were studied. It was observed that higher reaction temperature (850 °C) was favorable for high gas and hydrogen yields. Char gasification improved from 27 to 13 wt. % and hydrogen yield increased from 36.2 to 49.2 vol. % with increase in steam/MBM (wt/ wt), while with increased in packed bed height increased gas (29.5 to 31.6 wt. %) and hydrogen (45 to 49.2 vol. %) yields. It didnt show substantial effect on heavier hydrocarbons.<p> The kinetic parameters for the pyrolysis of meat and bone meal were determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at three different heating rates (10, 15 and 25 °C/min) using distributed activation energy model (DAEM). The activation energy was found in the range of 60-246 kJ/mol for the temperature range of 496-758 K and their corresponding frequency factors were 6.63 x 103 to 8.7 x 1014 s-1.

Meat and bone meal (MBM) is a byproduct of the rendering industries. It is found to be responsible for the transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in animals and is no longer used as a feed to animals. There are various methods for disposal of MBM such as land filling, incineration, combustion, pyrolysis and gasification. Gasification appears to be one of the best options. High temperature of gasification reaction destroys the potential BSE pathogens and produces gases which can be further used to produce valuable liquid chemicals by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis or to generate electricity. Gasification of meat and bone meal followed by thermal cracking/ reforming of tar was carried out using oxygen and steam separately at atmospheric pressure using a two-stage fixed bed reaction system in series. The first stage was used for the gasification and the second stage was used for thermal cracking/ reforming of tar.<p> Meat and bone meal was successfully gasified in the two-stage fixed bed reaction system using two different oxidants (oxygen and steam) separately. In gasification using oxygen, the effects of temperature (650 850 °C) of both stages, equivalence ratio (ER) (actual O2 supply/stoichiometric O2 required for complete combustion) (0.15 0.3) and the second stage packed bed height (40 100 mm) on the product (char, tar and gas) yield and gas (H2, CO, CO2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C3H6, C3H8) composition were studied. It was observed that the two-stage process increased hydrogen production from 7.3 to 22.3 vol. % (N2 free basis) and gas yield from 30.8 to 54.6 wt. % compared to single stage. Temperature and equivalence ratio had significant effects on the hydrogen production and product distribution. It was observed that higher gasification (850 °C) and cracking (850°C) reaction temperatures were favorable for higher gas yield of 52.2 wt. % at packed bed height of 60 mm and equivalence ratio of 0.2. The tar yield decreased from 18.6 wt. % to 14.2 wt. % and that of gas increased from 50.6 wt. % to 54.6 wt. % by changing the packed bed height of second stage from 40 to 100 mm while the gross heating value (GHV) of the product gas remained almost constant (16.2 16.5 MJ/m3).<p> In gasification using steam, effects of temperature (650 850 °C) of each stage, steam/MBM (wt/ wt) (0.4 -0.8), and packed bed height (40 -100 mm) in second stage on the product (Char, liquid and gas) distribution and gas (H2, CO, CO2, CH4, C2H4, other H/C) composition were studied. It was observed that higher reaction temperature (850 °C) was favorable for high gas and hydrogen yields. Char gasification improved from 27 to 13 wt. % and hydrogen yield increased from 36.2 to 49.2 vol. % with increase in steam/MBM (wt/ wt), while with increased in packed bed height increased gas (29.5 to 31.6 wt. %) and hydrogen (45 to 49.2 vol. %) yields. It didnt show substantial effect on heavier hydrocarbons.<p> The kinetic parameters for the pyrolysis of meat and bone meal were determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) at three different heating rates (10, 15 and 25 °C/min) using distributed activation energy model (DAEM). The activation energy was found in the range of 60-246 kJ/mol for the temperature range of 496-758 K and their corresponding frequency factors were 6.63 x 103 to 8.7 x 1014 s-1.

La catalyse représente une thématique incontournable de la chimie moderne. Elle occupe une place stratégique dans la recherche de procédés de synthèse plus écologiques et plus économiques en atomes et en énergie. Notre travail réside, d’une part, dans la valorisation d’un biocatalyseur original et, d’autre part, dans la synthèse pallado-catalysée de nouveaux dérivés pyridopyrimidiniques. Dans la première partie, l’utilisation d’un nouveau support naturel préparé à base d’os animal (Animal Bone Meal : ABM) en catalyse hétérogène a été mise en oeuvre, ce qui représente une voie nouvelle et originale, permettant de remplacer les différents catalyseurs solides minéraux connus actuellement et ce, dans diverses réactions classiques de la synthèse organique. Outre les excellents rendements obtenus, les aspects positifs de l’ABM résident dans sa grande stabilité, sa facilité de manipulation et de régénération ainsi que dans l’absence de dangers sur l'environnement. Dans la deuxième partie, une nouvelle stratégie de synthèse simple et efficace de 2,4-di(hét)aryl-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines via un couplage de Suzuki-Miyaura catalysée par le palladium a été développée. Nous avons ensuite étudié la réactivité de diverses 2,4,6-trihalogénopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines vis-à-vis des couplages de Suzuki. Cette étude a été étendue à la synthèse de nouvelles 2,4,6-tri(hét)arylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines. / Catalysis is an essential theme of modern chemistry. It occupies a strategic position in the search process more environmentally friendly and more economical energy to atoms and synthesis. Our work lies, on one hand, the development of an original biocatalyst and, secondly, in the pallado-catalyzed synthesis of new derivatives pyridopyrimidiniques. In the first part, the use of a new natural media prepared animal bone (Animal Bone Meal: ABM) based in heterogeneous catalysis has been implemented, which is a new and original way, to replace different solid catalysts currently known minerals and that, in several classical reactions in organic synthesis. In addition to the excellent yields, the positive aspects of ABM lies in its stability, ease of handling and regeneration as well as in the absence of environmental hazards. In the second part, a new strategy for simple and efficient synthesis of 2,4-di(het)aryl-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine via a Suzuki- Miyaura coupling catalyzed by palladium has been developed. We then studied the reactivity of various 2,4,6- trihalogénopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine via Suzuki couplings. This study was extended to the synthesis of new 2,4,6- tri(het)arylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine.

Soil phosphorus (P) is often unavailable in SK soils due to immobilization by microbial biomass and complexation with cations. The prohibition of synthetic fertilizer use in organic systems means farmers rely on crop rotation or approved inputs to supply P for crops. Legumes in crop rotation add P to soil through decomposition and deposition, and approved fertilizers such as bone meal (BM), rock phosphate (RP), and composted manure add P to soil through dissolution. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) improve crop access to soil P. The fungi colonize roots of host crops, allowing roots to reach immobile pockets of soil P. Colonization by AMF is usually decreased or delayed following partial fallow periods, non-host plants, and the addition of soluble P fertilizers. This thesis consists of two studies. For the first, the effects of crop rotation were tested on AMF colonization and soil P dynamics. Colonization by AMF of mycorrhizal crops was examined following a non-mycorrhizal crop, a partial fallow period, and mycorrhizal crops. All crops were colonized evenly (63-70%) at flowering despite non-mycorrhizal and partial fallow periods, and the sequence most depleted in soil N (wheat-barley) had the lowest colonization in August (36%). The second study evaluated soil P and plant N and P after applications of BM, hydroxyapatite (HAP), and sheep manure compost. Compost application increased plant P uptake compared to the control (1.26 vs. 0.71 mg pot-1), while applications of BM and HAP alone did not. Compost application did not affect AMF colonization of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Overall this research highlights the importance of legumes and composted manure use in organic systems. Legume use in crop rotation simultaneously increased soil P deposition and may have preserved AMF communities despite fallow periods and non-host crops in rotation. Conditions normally affecting AMF colonization in conventional systems did not apply. The use of composted manure in the greenhouse study resulted in the greatest P uptake and concentrations in wheat. Thus the use of legumes and composted manure may increase P availability to crops directly and indirectly: directly through soil P deposition and perhaps indirectly through the preservation of AMF communities.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-78). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-78). Also available on the Internet.

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar dietas com ou sem adição de farinha de carne e ossos e diferentes fontes de suplementação de ferro (Fe) em dietas para matrizes de corte. Sessenta matrizes de corte Cobb, 22 semanas de idade, foram alojadas individualmente em gaiolas e alimentadas com uma dieta (15,6% PB, 2.840 kcal EM /kg, 3,2% Ca, 0,45% de fósforo disponível) sem suplementação de Fe por 84 dias. As aves foram aleatoriamente divididas em 6 tratamentos em um fatorial de 2 dietas (Vegetal e Animal) e 3 fontes de Fe (Sem, Inorgânico e Complexado). As dietas tiveram mesmo perfil nutricional com exceção do Fe. A dieta Vegetal foi formulada com milho, farelo de trigo e farelo de soja, enquanto que a dieta Animal teve a inclusão de 2,5% de farinha de carne e osso. A dieta Sem não foi suplementada com Fe, enquanto que as dietas Inorgânico e Complexado tiveram 60 mg/kg de Fe suplementados através de sulfato ferroso ou Fe-amino ácido:12% de Fe com vários aminoácidos (Fe-AA), respectivamente. As dietas foram fornecidas por 3 períodos de 4 semanas cada e os ovos foram coletados diariamente para avaliação da produção. Foram pesados os ovos dos 3 últimos dias de cada período, sendo então a gema e albúmen separados e congelados para posterior análise do conteúdo de Fe por espectrometria de absorção atômica. Os dados foram analisados usando Anova com medidas repetidas no tempo. O conteúdo Fe na gema aumentou com o tempo em todos os tratamentos, exceto para a dieta Vegetal sem suplementação de Fe (P<0,01). A concentração média de Fe na gema foi maior para a dieta Animal suplementada com Fe-AA, o menor para a dieta Vegetal não suplementada com Fe, e sem diferenças entre os outros quatro tratamentos. A produção de ovos foi reduzida nas aves que não receberam nenhum tipo de suplementação de Fe comparada as que receberam (P<0,05). Em conclusão, a produção de ovos foi afetada quando as aves não receberam suplementação de Fe e a suplementação de Fe pode afetar o conteúdo na gema e albúmen, dependendo da presença de fontes de proteína animal na dieta. / The objective of this study was to compare diets with or without meat and bone meal by-product and different Fe supplementation in broiler breeder diets. Sixty Cobb 500 females, 22 wks of age, were placed individually in cages and fed a typical breeder diet (15.6% CP, 2,840 kcal ME/kg, 3.2% Ca, 0.45% Av P) without Fe supplementation for 84 d. Starting on the 85 th d birds were randomly allocated to 6 dietary treatments in a factorial of 2 diets (Vegetal and Animal) and 3 Fe sources (None, Inorganic and Complexed). Diets had similar nutrient profile with the exception of Fe. Vegetable diet was formulated with corn, wheat bran and soybean meal, whereas the Animal diet had the inclusion of 2.5% meat and bone meal. The None diet was not supplemented with Fe, whereas 60 mg/kg of Fe was supplemented in the Inorganic (Fe (II) sulfate) or in the Complexed (Fe-amino acid: 12% Fe, with varying percentages of AA). Diets were provided for 3 periods of 4 wks and eggs were collected daily. In the last three days of each week, eggs were weighed, and yolk and albumen were separated. Egg composites were frozen for further analysis of Fe content using atomic absorption spectrometry. Resulting data were analyzed using a two-way Anova with repeated measures. Yolk Fe contents increased with time in all treatments, except for the Vegetable diet without Fe supplementation (P<0.01). Average Fe concentration in yolk was the highest for the Animal diet supplemented with Fe-AA, lowest for the Vegetable diet not supplemented with Fe, and without differences between the other four treatments. Egg production was reduced for birds fed both diets without Fe supplementation when compared to those with any type of Fe supplementation (P<0.05). It is concluded that breeder hens have reduced hen day egg production when not supplemented with Fe and that Fe supplementation can affect yolk and albumen contents depending on the presence of animal protein sources in the diet.

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar dietas com ou sem adição de farinha de carne e ossos e diferentes fontes de suplementação de ferro (Fe) em dietas para matrizes de corte. Sessenta matrizes de corte Cobb, 22 semanas de idade, foram alojadas individualmente em gaiolas e alimentadas com uma dieta (15,6% PB, 2.840 kcal EM /kg, 3,2% Ca, 0,45% de fósforo disponível) sem suplementação de Fe por 84 dias. As aves foram aleatoriamente divididas em 6 tratamentos em um fatorial de 2 dietas (Vegetal e Animal) e 3 fontes de Fe (Sem, Inorgânico e Complexado). As dietas tiveram mesmo perfil nutricional com exceção do Fe. A dieta Vegetal foi formulada com milho, farelo de trigo e farelo de soja, enquanto que a dieta Animal teve a inclusão de 2,5% de farinha de carne e osso. A dieta Sem não foi suplementada com Fe, enquanto que as dietas Inorgânico e Complexado tiveram 60 mg/kg de Fe suplementados através de sulfato ferroso ou Fe-amino ácido:12% de Fe com vários aminoácidos (Fe-AA), respectivamente. As dietas foram fornecidas por 3 períodos de 4 semanas cada e os ovos foram coletados diariamente para avaliação da produção. Foram pesados os ovos dos 3 últimos dias de cada período, sendo então a gema e albúmen separados e congelados para posterior análise do conteúdo de Fe por espectrometria de absorção atômica. Os dados foram analisados usando Anova com medidas repetidas no tempo. O conteúdo Fe na gema aumentou com o tempo em todos os tratamentos, exceto para a dieta Vegetal sem suplementação de Fe (P<0,01). A concentração média de Fe na gema foi maior para a dieta Animal suplementada com Fe-AA, o menor para a dieta Vegetal não suplementada com Fe, e sem diferenças entre os outros quatro tratamentos. A produção de ovos foi reduzida nas aves que não receberam nenhum tipo de suplementação de Fe comparada as que receberam (P<0,05). Em conclusão, a produção de ovos foi afetada quando as aves não receberam suplementação de Fe e a suplementação de Fe pode afetar o conteúdo na gema e albúmen, dependendo da presença de fontes de proteína animal na dieta. / The objective of this study was to compare diets with or without meat and bone meal by-product and different Fe supplementation in broiler breeder diets. Sixty Cobb 500 females, 22 wks of age, were placed individually in cages and fed a typical breeder diet (15.6% CP, 2,840 kcal ME/kg, 3.2% Ca, 0.45% Av P) without Fe supplementation for 84 d. Starting on the 85 th d birds were randomly allocated to 6 dietary treatments in a factorial of 2 diets (Vegetal and Animal) and 3 Fe sources (None, Inorganic and Complexed). Diets had similar nutrient profile with the exception of Fe. Vegetable diet was formulated with corn, wheat bran and soybean meal, whereas the Animal diet had the inclusion of 2.5% meat and bone meal. The None diet was not supplemented with Fe, whereas 60 mg/kg of Fe was supplemented in the Inorganic (Fe (II) sulfate) or in the Complexed (Fe-amino acid: 12% Fe, with varying percentages of AA). Diets were provided for 3 periods of 4 wks and eggs were collected daily. In the last three days of each week, eggs were weighed, and yolk and albumen were separated. Egg composites were frozen for further analysis of Fe content using atomic absorption spectrometry. Resulting data were analyzed using a two-way Anova with repeated measures. Yolk Fe contents increased with time in all treatments, except for the Vegetable diet without Fe supplementation (P<0.01). Average Fe concentration in yolk was the highest for the Animal diet supplemented with Fe-AA, lowest for the Vegetable diet not supplemented with Fe, and without differences between the other four treatments. Egg production was reduced for birds fed both diets without Fe supplementation when compared to those with any type of Fe supplementation (P<0.05). It is concluded that breeder hens have reduced hen day egg production when not supplemented with Fe and that Fe supplementation can affect yolk and albumen contents depending on the presence of animal protein sources in the diet.

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar dietas com ou sem adição de farinha de carne e ossos e diferentes fontes de suplementação de ferro (Fe) em dietas para matrizes de corte. Sessenta matrizes de corte Cobb, 22 semanas de idade, foram alojadas individualmente em gaiolas e alimentadas com uma dieta (15,6% PB, 2.840 kcal EM /kg, 3,2% Ca, 0,45% de fósforo disponível) sem suplementação de Fe por 84 dias. As aves foram aleatoriamente divididas em 6 tratamentos em um fatorial de 2 dietas (Vegetal e Animal) e 3 fontes de Fe (Sem, Inorgânico e Complexado). As dietas tiveram mesmo perfil nutricional com exceção do Fe. A dieta Vegetal foi formulada com milho, farelo de trigo e farelo de soja, enquanto que a dieta Animal teve a inclusão de 2,5% de farinha de carne e osso. A dieta Sem não foi suplementada com Fe, enquanto que as dietas Inorgânico e Complexado tiveram 60 mg/kg de Fe suplementados através de sulfato ferroso ou Fe-amino ácido:12% de Fe com vários aminoácidos (Fe-AA), respectivamente. As dietas foram fornecidas por 3 períodos de 4 semanas cada e os ovos foram coletados diariamente para avaliação da produção. Foram pesados os ovos dos 3 últimos dias de cada período, sendo então a gema e albúmen separados e congelados para posterior análise do conteúdo de Fe por espectrometria de absorção atômica. Os dados foram analisados usando Anova com medidas repetidas no tempo. O conteúdo Fe na gema aumentou com o tempo em todos os tratamentos, exceto para a dieta Vegetal sem suplementação de Fe (P<0,01). A concentração média de Fe na gema foi maior para a dieta Animal suplementada com Fe-AA, o menor para a dieta Vegetal não suplementada com Fe, e sem diferenças entre os outros quatro tratamentos. A produção de ovos foi reduzida nas aves que não receberam nenhum tipo de suplementação de Fe comparada as que receberam (P<0,05). Em conclusão, a produção de ovos foi afetada quando as aves não receberam suplementação de Fe e a suplementação de Fe pode afetar o conteúdo na gema e albúmen, dependendo da presença de fontes de proteína animal na dieta. / The objective of this study was to compare diets with or without meat and bone meal by-product and different Fe supplementation in broiler breeder diets. Sixty Cobb 500 females, 22 wks of age, were placed individually in cages and fed a typical breeder diet (15.6% CP, 2,840 kcal ME/kg, 3.2% Ca, 0.45% Av P) without Fe supplementation for 84 d. Starting on the 85 th d birds were randomly allocated to 6 dietary treatments in a factorial of 2 diets (Vegetal and Animal) and 3 Fe sources (None, Inorganic and Complexed). Diets had similar nutrient profile with the exception of Fe. Vegetable diet was formulated with corn, wheat bran and soybean meal, whereas the Animal diet had the inclusion of 2.5% meat and bone meal. The None diet was not supplemented with Fe, whereas 60 mg/kg of Fe was supplemented in the Inorganic (Fe (II) sulfate) or in the Complexed (Fe-amino acid: 12% Fe, with varying percentages of AA). Diets were provided for 3 periods of 4 wks and eggs were collected daily. In the last three days of each week, eggs were weighed, and yolk and albumen were separated. Egg composites were frozen for further analysis of Fe content using atomic absorption spectrometry. Resulting data were analyzed using a two-way Anova with repeated measures. Yolk Fe contents increased with time in all treatments, except for the Vegetable diet without Fe supplementation (P<0.01). Average Fe concentration in yolk was the highest for the Animal diet supplemented with Fe-AA, lowest for the Vegetable diet not supplemented with Fe, and without differences between the other four treatments. Egg production was reduced for birds fed both diets without Fe supplementation when compared to those with any type of Fe supplementation (P<0.05). It is concluded that breeder hens have reduced hen day egg production when not supplemented with Fe and that Fe supplementation can affect yolk and albumen contents depending on the presence of animal protein sources in the diet.

Submitted by Alisson Mota (alisson.davidbeckam@gmail.com) on 2015-07-02T19:30:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Walter Maia de Souza.pdf: 1214415 bytes, checksum: 88300e3bbb767b2fcecc664de3bc7d38 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-10T16:56:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Walter Maia de Souza.pdf: 1214415 bytes, checksum: 88300e3bbb767b2fcecc664de3bc7d38 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-07-10T17:00:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Walter Maia de Souza.pdf: 1214415 bytes, checksum: 88300e3bbb767b2fcecc664de3bc7d38 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-10T17:00:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Walter Maia de Souza.pdf: 1214415 bytes, checksum: 88300e3bbb767b2fcecc664de3bc7d38 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-10 / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / The guarana is one of the most important agricultural products in the Amazonas State. However, in the last 20 years, the state's participation fell from 80% to 20% of national yield. This was due to the management of guarana, although admittedly, guarana produced in the region to provide quality and no market for their marketing in the form of powder, especially for the yield of syrup. This loss of market has occurred due to low crop productivity in the state. Caused by inadequate management and use of plants from seed with high genetic variability. Because the cost of fertilizers, it is essential to deploy a yield system with low environmental impact and economic development, mainly targeting the smallholders. For this to become reality, it is necessary to determine sources and rates of fertilizers and pesticides alternatives within the concept of organic produce. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Field of Embrapa Western Amazon in Manaus county, Amazonas State, Brazil, in a dystrophic Yellow Latosol (Oxisol), with the use of trees clones (BRS – Maués; BRS – Amazonas e BRS CG 612), recently released by Embrapa, which have high productivity and tolerance to anthracnose in an area of five hectares, in order to determine the effect of organic manure (charcoal, chicken manure and bone meal) on fertility and nutritional status of these clones of guarana. The results showed that the clone BRS maués was the most efficient in organic system; The application of eight liter per year of chicken manure is sufficient for the soil has adequate levels of base saturation and pH, and the edaphoclimatic conditions the charcoal and bone meal do not increase of soil fertility. / O guaraná é um dos produtos agrícolas mais importantes no Estado do Amazonas. No entanto, nos últimos 20 anos, a participação do Estado caiu de 80% para 20% da produção nacional. Isto ocorreu devido ao manejo do guaranazeiro, apesar de reconhecidamente, o guaraná produzido na região ser de qualidade e de existir mercado para sua comercialização na forma de pó, e principalmente para a produção de xarope. Esta perda de mercado tem ocorrido devido à baixa produtividade da cultura no Estado, ocasionado pelo manejo inadequado e o uso de plantas provenientes de semente com alta variabilidade genética. Devido os custos dos fertilizantes, é fundamental se implantar um sistema de produção de baixo impacto ambiental e econômico, visando principalmente o pequeno produtor. Para que isto se torne realidade, é necessário se determinar fontes e doses de fertilizantes e defensivos alternativos, dentro do conceito de produto orgânico. Este experimento foi realizado no Campo Experimental da Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental em Manaus, em um Latossolo Amarelo distrófico, com o uso de três clones (BRS –Maués; BRS – Amazonas e BRS CG 612) lançados recentemente pela Embrapa, que apresentam alta produtividade e tolerância à antracnose, em uma área total de cinco hectares, com o objetivo de determinar o efeito do adubação orgânica (carvão vegetal, esterco de galinha e farinha de osso) na fertilidade e estado nutricional destes clones de guaraná. Os resultados mostraram que a cultivar BRS Maués mostrou-se a mais promissora para cultivo dentro do sistema orgânico; O uso de 8 litros de esterco de galinha por planta ao ano é o suficiente para que o solo atinja níveis adequados de bases e pH; Nas condições edafoclimáticas estudadas, o carvão e farinha de osso não elevam a fertilidade do solo.