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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Catalyse en synthèse organique : valorisation d'un biocatalyseur original et synthèse pallado-catalysée de nouveaux dérivés pyridopyrimidiniques

Riadi, Yassine 12 October 2013 (has links) (PDF)
La catalyse représente une thématique incontournable de la chimie moderne. Elle occupe une place stratégique dans la recherche de procédés de synthèse plus écologiques et plus économiques en atomes et en énergie. Notre travail réside, d'une part, dans la valorisation d'un biocatalyseur original et, d'autre part, dans la synthèse pallado-catalysée de nouveaux dérivés pyridopyrimidiniques. Dans la première partie, l'utilisation d'un nouveau support naturel préparé à base d'os animal (Animal Bone Meal : ABM) en catalyse hétérogène a été mise en oeuvre, ce qui représente une voie nouvelle et originale, permettant de remplacer les différents catalyseurs solides minéraux connus actuellement et ce, dans diverses réactions classiques de la synthèse organique. Outre les excellents rendements obtenus, les aspects positifs de l'ABM résident dans sa grande stabilité, sa facilité de manipulation et de régénération ainsi que dans l'absence de dangers sur l'environnement. Dans la deuxième partie, une nouvelle stratégie de synthèse simple et efficace de 2,4-di(hét)aryl-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines via un couplage de Suzuki-Miyaura catalysée par le palladium a été développée. Nous avons ensuite étudié la réactivité de diverses 2,4,6-trihalogénopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines vis-à-vis des couplages de Suzuki. Cette étude a été étendue à la synthèse de nouvelles 2,4,6-tri(hét)arylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines.
12

La territorialisation de l'action publique en situation de crise : le cas des farines animales dans le contexte de l'Encéphalopathie Spongiforme Bovine (ESB) en France / The territorialization of public action in crisis : The case of feed-bone meal in the context of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in France

Geffroy, Alexandre 16 November 2018 (has links)
L’Encéphalopathie Spongiforme Bovine (ESB), maladie animale découverte en 1986, est reconnue comme un problème de santé publique depuis 1996, date à laquelle son lien avec la variante de la maladie de Creutzfeldt-Jakob fut avéré. Dans ce contexte, les autorités françaises et européennes développèrent différentes mesures afin d’endiguer l’épizootie et réduire les risques d’exposition des consommateurs. Les instances gouvernementales se concentrèrent, notamment, sur les farines animales. Ces produits, fabriqués à partir des déchets animaux non consommés par les êtres humains et distribués dans l’alimentation des animaux d’élevage, furent, en effet, reconnus comme le vecteur de propagation de l’agent pathogène dans les troupeaux. En France, ces farines furent complètement interdites d’usage dans les rations alimentaires des animaux d’élevage le 14 novembre 2000. Cette décision plaça alors les pouvoirs publics dans une situation de crise puisque, malgré leur interdiction, leur production demeura et demeure toujours obligatoire car ces dernières permettent de réduire en masse et en volume les quantités de déchets animaux. Les autorités durent ainsi trouver de nouveaux exutoires pour ces produits dont la production atteignait, en 2000, un volume hebdomadaire de 8 000 tonnes. C’est dans ce contexte de gestion d’un produit reconnu nationalement à risque sanitaire que s’inscrit ce travail. La thèse repose sur l’exploitation d’archives de différentes natures (gouvernementales, industrielles, médiatiques et associatives) et poursuit un double objectif. Elle cherche, d’une part, à reconstruire la temporalité de l’action publique dans la gestion des farines animales au regard des différents acteurs locaux impliqués et, d’autre part, à identifier les niveaux d’action et stratégies territoriales en jeu dans le maintien ou la résorption de cette crise. Pour mieux comprendre les processus de territorialisation de l’action publique, la thèse s’inscrit dans une approche mixte qui intègre dans le questionnement géographique les réflexions associées aux « instruments de l’action publique » [Halpern C., Lascoumes P., Le Galès P., 2014] et croise les apports des analyses quantitatives et qualitatives. / Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), disease discovered in 1986, is known as public health problem since 1996. Indeed, it has been linked to the variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease has shown. In this context, European and French authorities took several measures to control the epidemic and to decrease the chance of exposure of consumers. Governments especially focused on feed-bone meals, produced from animal waste and used in cattle feed, which were recognised as the vector of the spread of the disease. Feed-bone meal were totally banned the 14th November 2000 in France and this decision entailed a huge crisis. Indeed, feed-bone meal were declared unfit for cattle consumption but their production remained, and still remains, necessary. They allow to reduce in weight and volume the quantities of animal waste which are produced by agro-food industry. French government had to find new outlet for feed-bone meal which are massively produced (8 000 tons per week in 2000). This thesis analyses the way this crisis has been handled in France. She draws on archives from several sources (governmental, industrial, media, associative) and has two aims. Firstly, thesis points out the temporality of public action in the light of local actors who were in charge. Secondly, this work identifies levels of action and territorial strategies which have been mobilised to manage the French feed-bone meal crisis. To better understand territorialisation of public action, thesis sets in mix-methods methodology which integrate in geographical issue the considerations around “tools of public action” [Halpern C., Lascoumes P., Le Galès P., 2014] and crosses the contributions of qualitative and quantitative analysis.
13

Nutrição do tomateiro cultivado em sistema orgânico com a aplicação de biofertilizantes através da fertirrigação / Nutrition of tomato grown in organic system with biofertilizers application through fertigation

Almeida, Luciana Gomes de [UNESP] 10 November 2016 (has links)
Submitted by LUCIANA GOMES DE ALMEIDA null (luciana@biodinamica.org.br) on 2017-01-09T03:37:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Dissertação Mestrado definitivo 090117.pdf: 1935780 bytes, checksum: 6a96f8cbad659a357aa0c5cee25806e4 (MD5) / Rejected by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: A data (ano) que consta na capa, folha de rosto e ficha catalográfica do trabalho deve ser a mesma que consta na folha de aprovação. Corrija estas informações e realize uma nova submissão com o arquivo correto. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2017-01-11T17:23:55Z (GMT) / Submitted by LUCIANA GOMES DE ALMEIDA (luciana@biodinamica.org.br) on 2017-02-05T16:18:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Dissertação Mestrado definitivo 090117.pdf: 1935780 bytes, checksum: 6a96f8cbad659a357aa0c5cee25806e4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-02-08T15:48:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 almeida_lg_me_bot.pdf: 1935780 bytes, checksum: 6a96f8cbad659a357aa0c5cee25806e4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-08T15:48:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 almeida_lg_me_bot.pdf: 1935780 bytes, checksum: 6a96f8cbad659a357aa0c5cee25806e4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-10 / Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa estudar a curva de crescimento e absorção de nutrientes do tomateiro ‘Débora Victory’, cultivado em sistema orgânico a campo, em Itápolis-SP e estudar os teores de N, P e K de seis biofertilizantes ao longo do processo de fermentação. Para avaliação do híbrido Débora Victory, os tratamentos foram constituídos por nove épocas de amostragem, aos 2, 32, 46, 60, 77, 91, 109, 122 e 137 dias após o transplante (DAT) realizado em 01/04/2014. As plantas atingiram acúmulo estimado de massa seca e fresca total na última coleta de 550,2 e 9.528,2 g planta-1, respectivamente. A ordem decrescente do acúmulo total de nutrientes foi K > N > Ca > P > S > Mg, com valores estimados de 22,6; 10,4; 5,0; 2,3; 2,1 e 1,6 g planta-1, respectivamente. Na última coleta, o maior acúmulo de N, P, K ocorreu nos frutos e de Ca, S e Mg na parte vegetativa (caule+folhas+ inflorescências). O estudo da composição dos biofertilizantes foi constituído por seis biofertilizantes, elaborados com a mesma base para a fermentação (composta de 1 kg de farelo de arroz, 250 mL de melaço, 250 mL de microorganismos, marca EMBIOTIC, misturados em 15 litros de água), diferindo entre si pelo acréscimo de um ingrediente: T1 = torta de mamona (2 kg); T2 = farinha de sangue (2 kg); T3 = pó de casco e chifres (2 kg); T4 = farinha de ossos (2 kg); T5 = farinha de sangue (1 kg); T6 = farinha de ossos (1 kg) e cinco momentos de avaliação, aos 3, 7, 15, 22 e 30 dias após o preparo (DAP) dos biofertilizantes. Em cada momento foram analisados os teores de N, P e K e a condutividade elétrica. O biofertilizante a base de pó de casco e chifres apresentou maior teor de N do que os outros, alcançando o teor de 6,8 g L-1 aos 30 DAP. Os biofertilizantes a base de torta de mamona e pó de casco e chifres apresentaram maior teor de P, com médias de 3,2 e 2,6 g L-1, respectivamente, do que os de farinha de ossos (1 e 2 kg). O biofertilizante a base de torta de mamona apresentou maior teor de K, média de 2,5 g L-1, do que todos os demais, que foram iguais entre si. Independente do tipo de biofertilizante, os teores de K não se alteraram, os de N e a condutividade elétrica aumentaram e os de P reduziram ao longo do tempo de fermentação até os 30 DAP. / The objective of this research was to study the growth curve and absorption of nutrients in tomato 'Debora Victory', grown in organic system field in Itápolis-SP and to study the contents of N, P and K of six biofertilizers during the process fermentation. To evaluate the Débora Victory hybrid, the treatments consisted of nine sampling times at 2, 32, 46, 60, 77, 91, 109, 122 and 137 days after transplanting (DAT) held on 01.04.2014. The plants had estimated total dry and fresh weight, in the last sampling, of 550.2 and 9528.2 g plant-1, respectively. The descending order of total nutrient accumulation was K> N> Ca> P> S> Mg, with estimates of 22.6; 10.4; 5.0; 2.3; 2.1 and 1.6 g plant-1, respectively. In the last sampling, the greater accumulation of N, P, K occurred in fruits and Ca, Mg and S in the vegetative parts (stem + leaves + inflorescences). The experiment consisted of six biofertilizers, prepared on the same basis for fermentation (composed of 1 kg of rice bran, 250 ml of molasses, 250 ml of microorganisms, brand EMBIOTIC, mixed in 15 liters of water), differing from each other by an ingredient addition: T1 = castor bean cake (2 kg), T2 = blood meal (2 kg); T3 = hoof and horn powder (2 kg), T4 = bone meal (2 kg), T5 = blood meal (1 kg); T6 = bone meal (1 kg)) and five dates of evaluation: 3, 7, 15, 22 and 30 days after preparation (DAP) of biofertilizers. The following variables were analyzed: contents of N, P and K and the electrical conductivity. The hoof and horn powder biofertilizer showed higher N content than the others, reaching a maximum of 6.8 g L-1 at 30 DAP. The castor bean cake and hoof and horn powder, showed higher P contents, with average of 3.2 and 2.6 g L-1, respectively, than bone meal (1 and 2 kg) biofertilizer. The castor bean cake biofertilizer showed higher K content, average of 2.5 g L-1, than the others that did not differ each other. Regardless of the type of biofertilizer, the K content did not change, the N content and the electrical conductivity increased and the P content reduced during the time of fermentation until 30 DAP.

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