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The labor movement's groundswell in the 1990s accompanied a period of intense competition and conglomeration within the retail book sector. Unexpectedly, the intersection of these two trends produced two dozen union drives across the country between 1996 and 2004 at large retail bookstores, including Borders and Barnes & Noble. Historians have yet to fully examine these retail organizing contests or recount their contributions to the labor movement and its history, including booksellers' pioneering use of the internet as an organizing tool. This thesis focuses on the aspirations, tactics, and contributions of booksellers in their struggles to unionize their workplaces, while also exploring the economic context surrounding bookselling and the labor movement at the end of the twentieth century. While the United Food and Commercial Workers (UFCW) auspiciously announced a national campaign in 1997 to organize thousands of bookstore clerks, the only successfully unionized bookstore from this era that remains today is the Powell's Books chain in Portland, Oregon with over 400 workers represented by the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU) Local 5. Local 5's successful union campaign at Powell's Books occurring between 1998 and 2000 is at the center of this study and stands out as a point of light against a dark backdrop of failed union attempts in the retail sector during the latter decades of the twentieth century. This inquiry utilizes Local 5's internal document archive and the collection of oral histories gathered by labor historians Edward Beechert and Harvey Schwartz in 2001 and 2002. My analysis of these previously unexamined records demonstrates how Powell's efforts to thwart the ILWU campaign proved a decisive failure and contributed to the polarization of a super majority of the workforce behind Local 5. Equally, my analysis illustrates how the self-organization, initiative, and unrelenting creativity of booksellers transformed a narrow union election victory to overwhelming support for the union's bargaining committee. Paramount to Local 5's contract success was the union's partnership with Portland's social justice community, which induced a social movement around Powell's Books at a time of increased political activity and unity among the nation's labor, environment, and anti-globalization activists. The bonds of solidarity and mutual aid between Local 5 and its community allies were forged during the World Trade Organization (WTO) demonstrations in Seattle in 1999 and Portland's revival of May Day in 2000. Following eleven work stoppages and fifty-three bargaining sessions, the union acquired a first contract that far exceeded any gains made by the UFCW at its unionized bookstores. The Powell's agreement included improvements to existing health and retirement benefits plus an 18 percent wage increase for employees over three years. This analysis brings to light the formation of a distinct working-class culture and consciousness among Powell's booksellers, communicated through workers' essays, artwork, strikes, and solidarity actions with the social justice community. It provides a detailed account of Local 5's creative street theater tactics and work stoppages that captured the imagination of activists and the attention of the broader community. The conflict forced the news media and community leaders to publicly choose sides in a labor dispute reminiscent of struggles not seen in Portland since the 1950s. Observers of all political walks worried that the Portland cultural and commercial intuition would collapse under the weight of the two-year labor contest. My research illustrates the tension among the city's liberal and progressive populace created by the upstart union's presence at prominent liberal civic leader Michael Powell's iconic store and how the union organized prominent liberal leaders on the side of their cause. It concludes by recognizing that Local 5's complete history remains a work in progress, but that its formation represents an indispensable Portland contribution to the revitalized national labor movement of the late 1990s.

Submitted by Flavia Baptistini (flaviabaptistini@gmail.com) on 2017-09-28T18:39:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia_LDV_dissertação_v7_final_comtudo.pdf: 5972920 bytes, checksum: 308c60af028f1e152d82a4499e232d94 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diego Andrade (diego.andrade@fgv.br) on 2017-09-29T20:18:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia_LDV_dissertação_v7_final_comtudo.pdf: 5972920 bytes, checksum: 308c60af028f1e152d82a4499e232d94 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-16T11:55:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia_LDV_dissertação_v7_final_comtudo.pdf: 5972920 bytes, checksum: 308c60af028f1e152d82a4499e232d94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-06 / This research aims to rescue Leonardo da Vinci Bookshop’s history based in Rio de Janeiro, which had been in the care of the same family for more than sixty years and was sold at the beginning of 2016. It was acknowledged nationally for its high-quality imported books catalog from all over the world and for the high-standard bookseller’s performance of the founder and her staff, the Da Vinci Bookshop – as well as other previous bookshops that proved to be part of the city’s memory. Its relationship with the urban everyday life enabled not only the production and the development of the humanistic knowledge in the old Republic capital, but also promoted ways of sociability of several scholars living in Rio de Janeiro during the second half of the 20th century. The purpose of this study is to reflect about the symbolic dimension of certain kinds of commercial activities, focusing on the bookseller diversity in the cultural life of the cities. Besides being a purchase point, nowadays the few remaining bookshops are used as leisure centers and a place designed mainly for literary activities and they make part of the powerful international companies / Esta pesquisa intenta resgatar a trajetória da Livraria Leonardo da Vinci, sediada na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, que esteve por mais de sessenta anos sob os cuidados da mesma família e foi vendida no início de 2016. Reconhecida nacionalmente pela qualidade do catálogo de obras importadas de diversas partes do mundo e pelo exercício do ofício livreiro pela fundadora e por seus funcionários, a Da Vinci – bem como outras livrarias antes dela – mostrou ser parte integrante da memória da cidade. Sua relação com o cotidiano urbano permitiu não só a produção e o fomento do conhecimento humanístico na antiga capital da República como ensejou formas de sociabilidade de uma série de intelectuais residentes no Rio durante a segunda metade do século XX. Com este estudo pretende-se refletir sobre a dimensão simbólica presente em determinados tipos de atividades comerciais, dando destaque à diversidade livreira na vida cultural das cidades. Além de ponto de venda, hoje as poucas livrarias remanescentes são moduladas como espaços de lazer e fruição de atividades do campo literário e fazem parte de grandes redes ou conglomerados internacionais.

Orientador: Jefferson Cano / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T06:45:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Godoi_RodrigoCamargode_D.pdf: 3856692 bytes, checksum: ea717572f9e1e3431455aad4cad93930 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Por intermédio da biografia de Francisco de Paula Brito (1809-1861), esta tese investiga o aparecimento do editor moderno no Rio de Janeiro no momento em que esses empreendedores de bens culturais impressos igualmente surgiam em diferentes cidades do ocidente, como Paris e Nova York. No caso brasileiro, fazer frente ao consumo de literatura francesa na capital do Império, bem como forjar alianças políticas no contexto de formação do Estado Nacional foram fatores determinantes no processo estudado / Abstract: Analysing the biography of Francisco de Paula Brito (1809-1861), this dissertation investigates the emergence of modern publishers in Rio de Janeiro, at a time when these entrepreneurs appeared in different cities worldwide such as Paris and New York. In the Brazilian case, determining factors in this process were the need to forge political alliances in the context of the Nation's birth, as well as the confrontation of the consumption of French literature at the Empire's capital / Doutorado / Historia Social / Doutor em História

<p dir="ltr">This dissertation is a Black feminist qualitative inquiry of the interconnections between Black women, literary activity, community, activism, and restoration and healing. In the 1970s and 1980s, the Black Women’s Literary Renaissance and the Black feminist movement converged to create one of the richest periods in Black women’s history. Black women came together in community, through the text, and through various literary spaces–often despite or even because of their differences–to build an archive that articulates a multivocal Black women’s standpoint which many believed to be monotonously singular. During this period, for example, Black women writer-activists wrote more novels, plays, and poetry in these two decades than in any period prior while also establishing new literary traditions. These traditions included the recovery of previously published yet out of print Black women writers, the development of the Black Women Anthology era, the creation of Black women writer-activist collectives, the founding of bookstores, as well as the development of Black Women’s Studies and Black feminist literary criticism in the academy. In the dissertation, these traditions are intrinsically tied to the articulation and definition of the theoretical concept of literary kinship. Conceptually, relationally, and materially literary kinship is the connection generated by the intergenerational literary activity between Black women and girls. In the dissertation, I use literary activity in slightly different ways including to denote community-engaged oral practices, publication, relationships defined around literary sites, and the practice of reading. Literary kinship provides access to community based on and derived from a connection to the literary that is often marked by intergenerational activity. I argue that Black women writer-activists during the period of the BWLR articulate and define literary kinship as a practice of communal restoration and healing for individuals and the collective.</p><p dir="ltr">Literary kinship is explored in four interrelated, yet distinct ways in the dissertation. In chapter two, literary kinship is located in and operationalized through Black women’s literary kinship “networks” founded during the Black Women’s Literary Renaissance. In chapter three, the focus is on the Black Women’s Anthology era that begins in 1970 and becomes a pipeline for the development of the interdisciplinary field of Black Women’s Studies in the 1980s. The fourth and fifth chapters shift the impact of the Black Women’s Literary Renaissance to the 21st century and examines how literary kinship is rearticulated or re-visioned a generation later. The fourth chapter, in this vein, uses autoethnography and literary analysis to illuminate the interconnections between Black girlhood, geography, and my concept of literary kinship. The chapter explores my experience of literary kinship at the kitchen table, in public libraries, and in secondary and higher education as transformative opportunities that fostered my love for reading, engaging in literary community, and developing reading as a restorative and healing practice. In the final chapter, the rapid reemergence of Black women booksellers and their bookstores in the last five years (2018-2023) become integral to a contemporary rearticulation of literary kinship.</p><p dir="ltr">The Black Women’s Literary Renaissance is a significant period of literary output by Black women writer-activists that has had intergenerational impact in the lives of Black women. During the Renaissance, Black women writer-activists were catalysts for critical and necessary literary interventions, strategies, and methods that supported their sociopolitical activism, the development of a rich Black feminist and literary archive, and that manifested community functional practices of restoration and healing. Black women’s articulation, definition, and utilization of literary kinship in the 20th and 21st centuries has supported their literary labors as activists, as intellectuals, and as community members, and is therefore a practice of community restoration and healing.</p>