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京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第23769号 / 医博第4815号 / 新制||医||1056(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 中本 裕士, 教授 大森 孝一, 教授 上杉 志成 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

The present work was conducted with the intent of developing a high-fidelity numerical model of a unique combustion flow problem combining multi-phase fuel injection with substantial momentum and temperature into a highly complex turbulent flow. This important problem is very different from typical and more widely known liquid fuel combustion problems and is found in practice in pulverized coal combustors and ducted rocket ramjets. As the ducted rocket engine cycle is only now finding widespread use, it has received little research attention and was selected as a representative problem for this research. Prior to this work, a method was lacking domestically and internationally to effectively model the ducted rocket engine cycle with confidence. In the ducted rocket a solid fuel gas generator is used to deliver a fuel-rich multi-phase mixture to the combustion chamber. When a valve is used to vary the fuel generator pressure, and thereby the delivered fuel flowrate, the engine is known as a Variable Flow Ducted Rocket (VFDR). The Aerojet MARC-R282 ramjet engine represents the worlds first VFDR flown, and the first in operational use. Although performance requirements were met, improvements are sought in the understanding of the ramjet combustion process with a future aim of reducing the visible exhaust and correcting uneven combustor heating patterns. For this reason the MARC-R282 combustor was selected as the baseline geometry for the present research, serving to provide a documented baseline case for numerical modeling and also being a good candidate to benefit from an improved understanding of the combustion process. In order to proceed with the present research, experiments were first carried out to characterize the gas generator particulate exhaust in terms of composition and particle size. Equilibrium thermochemistry was used to supplement these data to develop a gas phase combustion model. The gas phase reactions and resulting particle definition were modeling using the FLUENT Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code for the baseline GQM-163A Supersonic Sea Skimming Missile (SSST) operating conditions. These results were compared to direct-connect ramjet ground tests in order to validate the analysis tool. Data were developed to understand the gas and solid phase fuel exhaust characteristics at the propellant surface, exiting the gas generator injector, and following secondary combustion with air. Particles were collected and analyzed from the fuel generator exhaust. While exhibiting some variation with time in the firing, they were roughly an average of 20 microns in diameter, in line with prior experience with pulverized coal combustion experiments. A computational model was developed based on coal combustion parameters using FLUENT. However, despite considerable effort, the CFD analysis was not able to predict effective burning of the carbon particles to the degree seen in testing. In addition, using equilibrium thermochemistry as a basis for determining the carbon particle content in the fuel exhaust, the CFD analysis resulted in trends in performance opposite to the test results. These facts led to a hypothesis that there was actually a significant fraction of small particles or much less carbon produced than equilibrium thermochemistry would predict. A parametric analysis was performed replacing the 20 micron soot particles with fine fraction particles, representing a fraction of the predicted equilibrium carbon soot being still in the gas phase as higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, or in the form of sub-micron particles. When almost all particles were replaced with fine fraction particles, the model was able to correctly predict absolute values of combustion efficiency as well as trends for different injector geometries. The presence of particles was apparent from the visible exhaust and collection data, however they were found not to play a significant role in the combustion process for this fuel and engine configuration. The robustness of the computational model was also evaluated by examining the effects of turbulence model, order of discretization, and grid size. Comparable trends and results were seen for all cases examined. With the successful development of this modeling tool and an improved understanding of the combustion process, future work is enabled to develop improved combustor flow management and fuel injection schemes to improve existing designs and develop new configurations. This research has served to advance the field of combustion modeling by providing: 1) a solid ducted rocket combustion modeling tool considering solid and gas phase combustion, 2) a correlation between primary combustion theory and particulate exhaust sampling, 3) low length/diameter ratio ducted rocket combustor modeling, and 4) combustor CFD coupled with solid particle tracking and combustion models. / Ph. D.

The effects of boron supplementation on blood and urinary minerals were studied in 17 female college athletes and 11 sedentary college control subjects. The subjects were similar in age (19.8 ± 1.4 and 20.3 ± 1.1 years for athletes and sedentary groups, respectively) and weight (61.8 ± 9.1 and 59.6 ± 10.5 kgs for athletes and sedentary groups, respectively). The athletic subjects had lower percent body fat averages (20.6 ± 5.6 and 25.8 ± 6.5 %, respectively, (p < 0.05)) and higher aerobic capacities (2.9 ± 0.5 and 2.1 ± 0.4 L O₂*min₋₁, respectively, (p < 0.05) than sedentary controls. No differences in dietary intake were observed. Serum phosphorus levels were lower in boron supplemented subjects than in subjects receiving placebos (p < 0.05) and were lower during final analysis than during baseline analysis. A group-supplement interaction was noted with serum phosphorus also (p < 0.05). In the sedentary group, boron supplementation lowered serum phosphorus and placebo supplementation elevated serum phosphorus. In the athletic group, no changes in serum phosphorus were observed due to supplementation. Serum magnesium was greatest in the sedentary controls supplemented with boron and increased with time in all subjects (p < 0.05). Again, a group-supplement interaction was observed with serum magnesium; exercise in boron supplemented subjects lowered serum magnesium (p < 0.05). In all subjects, calcium excretion increased over time (p < 0.05) and in boron supplemented subjects boron excretion increased over time (p < 0.05). In conclusion, boron supplementation affected serum phosphorus and magnesium and the excretion of boron in the urine. The significance of these findings in relation to overall mineral status, bone mineral density, and exercise in college female athletes needs further investigation. It is possible that increasing the intake of foods high in boron may be found to be beneficial in the treatment and/or prevention of metabolic bone disorders such as those related to excessive exercise. / Ph. D.

The yield response of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] to reproductive stage applications of either nitrogen (N) or boron (B) has been inconsistent. This study evaluated soybean seed yield response to foliar applications of B and soil applications of N at two stages of plant development, at two row spacings, at four irrigation levels, and on three cultivars over three years. Planting dates were either mid-May or mid-June, except the year two of the irrigated soil moisture experiment which had a second planting date of early July. In an experiment to evaluate B rate and timing, B was applied at four rates from 0 to 0.56 kg ha-1 at the R3 or R5 development stage. In an experiment to evaluate N rate and timing, N was applied at seven rates from 0 to 168 kg ha-1 at either the R3 or R5 development stage. A third experiment to evaluate row spacing and cultivar effects on N and B had four treatments: 0 N and 0 B; 56 kg ha -1 N, and 0 B; 0 N and 0.28 kg ha-1 B; and finally 56 kg ha-1 N and 0.28 kg ha-1 B. Treatments were applied to three soybean cultivars planted in either 23 or 46 cm row spacings. The above experiments were irrigated to evaluate treatments at high yield levels. To further evaluate the effect of soil moisture, the same four N and B combinations were applied to soybeans irrigated via a sub-surface micro-drip irrigation system delivering four irrigation regimes: 0%, 33%, 66%, or 100% of plant required water. Gradients were established in year one of this experiment, but late season rains eliminated gradients, and high rainfall in the second year disallowed gradient establishment. Applications of N or B had no effect on seed yields in any experiment, or at any moisture level. In the row spacing and cultivar experiment, there were significant effects of varieties, and a significant interaction between row spacing and variety in two of the three years. / Master of Science

Yes / We report the effect of low-energy thermal neutron irradiation on the antiproliferative activities of a highly hydrophobic organometallic arene ruthenium dithiolatoecarborane complex [Ru(p-cymene) (1,2- dicarba-closo-dodecarborane-1,2-dithiolato)] (1), and of its formulation in Pluronic® triblock copolymer P123 coreeshell micelles (RuMs). Complex 1 was highly active, with and without neutron irradiation, towards human ovarian cancer cells (A2780; IC50 0.14 mM and 0.17 mM, respectively) and cisplatinresistant human ovarian cancer cells (A2780cisR; IC50 0.05 and 0.13 mM, respectively). Complex 1 was particularly sensitive to neutron irradiation in A2780cisR cells (2.6 more potent after irradiation compared to non-irradiation). Although less potent, the encapsulated complex 1 as RuMs nanoparticles resulted in higher cellular accumulation (2.5 ), and was sensitive to neutron irradiation in A2780 cells (1.4 more potent upon irradiation compared to non-irradiation). / We thank the Leverhulme Trust (Early Career Fellowship No. ECF-2013-414 to NPEB), the University of Warwick (Grant No. RD14102 to NPEB), the University of Birmingham/EPSRC Follow-on- Fund (Grant No UOBFOF026 to BP), the ERC (Grant No. 247450 to PJS), EPSRC (EP/F034210/1 to PJS).