Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 394-419). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1954. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 96).

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Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio University, August, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio University, June, 2009. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references.

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Foi realizada a investigação cladística dos Bouchardiinae (Brachiopoda, Terebratellidae), braquiópodes comuns no registro fóssil cenozóico da Argentina, Uruguai, Antártica, Nova Zelândia e Austrália, bem como, atualmente, na plataforma brasileira. A história geológica do grupo remete ao limite Cretáceo/Terciário. O estudo teve como objetivo central demonstrar que a análise das feições morfológicas internas e externas de conchas fósseis e atuais de braquiópodes possibilita a realização de estudos cladísticos. Para atingir esse objetivo foram avaliadas as relações de parentesco e a sistemática dos Bouchardiinae (Família Terebratellidae), bem como o escopo de seus gêneros. A análise envolveu os gêneros Bouchardia, Bouchardiella, Neobouchardia e Malleia, tendo como grupo externo Adnatida, Aliquantula, Anakinetica, Australiarcula, Elderra, Magadina, Magadinella, Parakinetica, Pilkena, Pirothyris e Rhizothyris. A análise contou com 22 táxons (grupo interno e externo) e 43 caracteres. O cladograma (CI= 0,714; RI= 0889; RC= 0,635) escolhido como proposta de trabalho apresentou topologia bem resolvida, com dois clados bem distintos. Um deles, reúne todos os Bouchardiinae, tendo Malleia portlandica como táxon basal, o outro agrupa os Anakineticinae, incluindo Australiarcula artesiana. Entre os Bouchardiinae, a única indefinição ficou por conta das espécies Bouchardia rosea e Bouchardia transplatina, o que reforça a suspeita de serem sinônimos. Entre os táxons do grupo externo destaca-se a posição basal de Australiarcula artesiana. Os resultados obtidos permitiram considerar que: a) a análise morfológica interna e externa de conchas de braquiópodes fósseis e viventes fornece dados morfológicos adequados à análise cladística; b) existem 2 clados distintos no cladograma escolhido como hipótese de trabalho, um representativo dos Bouchardiinae e outro dos Anakineticinae, incluindo Australiarcula artesiana, o que esclarece, de momento, a dúvida quanto a posição desse gênero; c) a condição dos táxons enquanto gêneros válidos e distintos foi reavaliada e foi proposta a sinonímia entre Bouchardiella e Neobouchardia, em favor da primeira; d) Bouchardia rosea e Bouchardia transplatina não apresentaram diferenças morfológicas significativas e, somando-se a isso, sua posição na topologia obtida sugere sinonímia entre os táxons, em favor de Bouchardia rósea (Mawe), 1823; e) o monofiletismo dos Bouchardiinae foi corroborado; f) foram confirmadas as 3 sinapomorfias já sugeridas pela literatura, isto é, espessamento posterior, processo cardinal em forma de \'V\' e braquídio incompleto; g) a topologia obtida suporta a sugestão de que Bouchardia rosea e Anakinetica cumingi apresentam morfologia semelhante por compartilharem modos de vida similares e não por parentesco próximo; h) a proposta de classificação mais adequada para os Bouchardiinae parece combinar opiniões de RICHARDSON (1994) e BRUNTON(1996), tornando válida a Subfamília Bouchardiinae, composta por Bouchardia, Bouchardiella e Malleia; i) a despeito da falta do registro estratigráfico de parte da história evolutiva dos Bouchardiinae, foi identificada a evolução em paralelo de dois grupos, um deles, de duração mais curta e restrito à Austrália e Nova Zelândia, formado por Bouchardiella cretacea, Bouchardiella (Neobouchardia) minima e Malleia portlandica, e outro, formado por Bouchardiella patagonica, Bouchardiella jorgensis e as espécies de Bouchardia, persistindo até o Recente, tendo se desenvolvido entre a Península Antártica e a costa leste da América do Sul; j) além do padrão geral de migração das espécies de Bouchardia para o norte, foram identificados alguns passos intermediários nesse modelo, principalmente quanto à migração de Bouchardia da Terra do Fogo (Argentina) para a Península Antártica; assim, o modelo de \"contínua migração das espécies para o norte, sem retenção de suas localidades prévias\" estaria parcialmente descartado, não invalidando, contudo, o padrão geral de migração para o norte. / A cladistic investigation of Bouchardiinae (Brachiopoda, Terebratellidae) was carried out. These brachiopods are common in the Cenozoic fossil record of Argentina, Uruguay, Antarctica, New Zealand, Australia, as well as in the Brazilian shelf. The geological history of the group can be tracked back until de Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. The main goal of present study was to verify the hypothesis that morphological analysis on internal/external features of extinct/extant brachiopod shells allow us to proceed a cladistics analysis for the group. In order to achieve this goal, the relationships and systematic of the Bouchardiinae (Family Terebratellidae) were evaluated, as well as the scope of their genera. The cladistics analysis involved the in-group taxa Bouchardia, Bouchardiella, Beobouchardia, Malleia, having Adnatida, Aliquantula, Anakinetica, Australiarcula, elderra, Magadina, Magadinella, Parakinetica, Pilkena, Pirothyris, Rhizothyris, as the out-group. A total of 22 taxa and 43 characters were evaluated. The cladogram used as work hypothesis (CI= 0,714; RI= 0,889; RC= 0,635) presented a well resolved topology with 2 distinct clades; one with all Bouchardiinae, being Malleia portlandica the basal taxon; the other presented all Anakineticinae, including Australiarcula artesiana. The only unresolved relationship was between Bouchardia rosea and Bouchardia transplatina, suggesting that both taxa are synonymous. Among the out-group taxa the basal position of Australiarcula artesiana is worthy to mention. The results allow us to consider that: a) the morphological analysis of internal/external features of extinct/extant brachiopod shells supply important morphological data for cladistics analysis; b) there are 2 distinct clades that are representative of the Bouchardiinae and Anakineticinae, the later including Australiarcula artersiana, bringing some new evidences on their systematic position; c) the status of the genera, while valid and distinct taxa was re-evaluated, and resulted on the proposition of the synonymy between Bouchardiella and Neobouchardia, favoring the former; d) Bouchardia rosea and Bouchardia transplatina did not share significant morphological differences to keep them as distinct taxa. Thus the synonymy in favor of Bouchardia rosea (Mawe), 1823 is proposed; e) the monophyletic status of Bouchardiinae was corroborated; f) 3 synapomorphies ever suggested by the literature were confirmed, as follow: posterior thickening of the shell, \"V\" shapped cardinal process, and incomplete brachidia; g) based on the topology the condition of Bouchardia rosea and Anakinetica cumingi as distinct taxa is reinforced. Thus, their morphological similarities are much more due to similar ecological pressures (or mode of life) than to their close relationships; h) the classification of bouchardiid brachiopods seems to combine the suggestions of RICHARDSON (1994) and BRUNTON (1996), validating the Subfamily Bouchardiinae, with Bouchardia, Bouchardiella, and Malleia; i) despite of the lack of stratigraphic record of part of bouchardiid history, the parallel evolution of 2 groups was identified; one presenting a short interval, restricted to Australia e New Zealand, and corresponding to Bouchardiella cretacea, Bouchardiella (Neobouchardia) minima e Malleia portlandica, and the other group corresponding to Bouchardiella patagonica, Bouchardiella jorgensis, and species of Bouchardia, with an almost continuous record since the Cretaceous. This group evolved around the Antarctic Peninsula and east coast of southern South America; j) in spite the general north migration pattern presented by species of Bouchardia, some intermediate steps could be recognized, specially the migration of Bouchardia towards the Tierra del Fuego coast (Argentina) and Antarctic Peninsula. Consequently, the previous pattern of continuous northward migration of bouchardiid species without the retention of previous locations is only partially supported by the current data.

This thesis deals with the stratigraphy and brachiopod systematic palaeontology of the latest Devonian (Famennian) to Early Permian (Kungurian) sedimentary sequences of the Tarim Basin, NW China. Brachiopod faunas of latest Devonian and Carboniferous age have been published or currently in press in the course of the Ph.D candidature and are herein appendixed, while the Early Permian brachiopod faunas are systematically described in this thesis. The described Early Permian brachiopod faunas include 127 species, of which 29 are new and 12 indeterminate, and six new genera (subgenera) are proposed; Tarimella, Bmntonella, Marginifera (Arenaria), Marginifera (Nesiotia), Baliqliqia and Ustritskia. A new integrated brachiopod biostratigraphical zonation scheme is proposed, for the first time, for the latest Devonian-Early Permian sequences of the entire Tarim Basin on the basis of this study as well as previously published information (including the Candidate's own published papers). The scheme consists of twenty three brachiopod acm biozones, most of which replace previously proposed assemblage or assemblage zones. The age and distribution of these brachiopod zones within the Tarim Basin and their relationships with other important fossil groups are discussed. In terms of regional correlations and biostratigraphical affinities, the Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous brachiopod faunas of the Tarim Basin are closest to those from South China, while the Late Carboniferous faunas demonstrate strong similarities to coeval faunas from the Urals, central Asia, North China and South China. During the Asselian-Sakmarian, strong faunal links between the Tarim Basin and those of the Urals persisted, while at the same time links with central Asia, North China and South China weakened. On the other hand, during the Artinskian-Kungurian times, affinities of the Tarim faunas with the Urals/Russian Platform rapidly reduced, when those with peri-Gondwana (South Thailand, northern Tibet) and South China increased. Thirty lithofacies (or microfacies) types of four facies associations are recognised for the Late Devonian to early Permian sediments. Based on detailed lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy and facies analysis, 23 third-order sequences belonging to four supcrsequences are identified for the Late Devonian to Early Permian successions, from which sea-level fluctuation curves are reconstructed. The sequence stratigraphical analysis reveals that four major regional regressions, each marking a distinct supersequence boundary, can be recognised; they correspond to the end-Serpukhovian, end-Moscovian, late Artinskian and end-Kungurian times, respectively. The development of these sequences is considered to have been formed and regulated by the interplay of both eustasy and tectonism. Using the system tract of a sequence as the mapping time unit, a succession of 47 palaeogeographical maps have been reconstructed through the Late Devonian to Early Permian. These maps reveal that the Tarim Basin was first immersed by southwest-directed (Recent geographical orientation) transgression in the late Famennian after the Caledonian Orogeny. Since then, the basin had maintained its geometry as a large, southwest-mouthed embayment until the late Moscovian when most areas were the uplifted above sea-level. The basin was flooded again in late Asselian-Artinskian times when a new transgression came from a large epicontinental sea lying to its northwest. Thereafter, marine deposition was restricted to local areas (southwestern and northwestern margins until the late Kungurian, while deposition of continental deposits prevailed and continued through the Middle and late Permian into the Triassic.

One of the great unsolved evolutionary questions concerns the origin and phylogeny of the major animal phyla that appeared in the fossil record more than 540 million years ago, during the Cambrian explosion. Although new molecular information has been very useful, we still have little understanding about the origin of most of the phyla of bilaterians living today. The richly diverse fossil remains from this critical early Cambrian interval are particularly well exposed in China, where exceptionally-preserved fossil lophotrochozoans including brachiopods are particularly abundant. In particular the exceptionally-preserved Cambrian lophophorates from the Chengjiang and Guanshan Lagerstätten have offered new sources of critical palaeobiological data that have been shown to be important for understanding the early ecology and evolution of lophotrochozoans. This thesis comprises a detailed study of new, abundant, exceptionally-preserved material of five lophotrochozoan species from the Chengjiang and Guanshan Lagerstätten. Kuangshanotreta malungensis from Chengjiang is the earliest known example of an attached acrotretoid brachiopod representing the oldest evidence about the palaeoecology of the diverse yet, enigmatic acrotretoid linguliform stock that comprises an important component of the Cambrian evolutionary fauna. Eoglossa chengjiangensis from Chengjiang is the earliest known representative of the Glossellinae. Diandongia pista occurs abundantly both in the Chengjiang fauna and the younger Guanshan fauna, and it’s exceptionally well-preserved and strongly mineralized shells shows that it belongs within the Botsfordiidae. In contrast, the last two species from Chengjiang examined for this thesis - Yuganotheca elegans and Cotyledion tylodes belong within the stem of the Brachiopoda and the Lophotrochozoan entoprocts.