Thesis (D. Phil.(Communication Pathology))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Summary in English and Afrikaans. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2006. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-80). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2002. Graduate Programme in Psychology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-73). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ75382

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2003. / Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 66 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-59).

published_or_final_version / Surgery / Master / Master of Philosophy

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A study was conducted, comparing the relationship between the Bender-Gestalt Test and the Trail-Making Test in brain-damaged patients. The study revealed a moderate negative correlation between the scaled score of the Trail-Making Test and the psychopathology scale of the Hutt Adaptation of the Bender-Gestalt Test. This relationship indicates that a number of skills might be tapped by both of these tests in brain-damaged patients. A further analysis showed that the correlation between the Trail-Making Test A and three factors of the Bender-Gestalt Test, Use of Space I, Collision, and Elaboration, were found to be significant (.05). In addition, the Trail-Making Test B is significantly correlated with the following factors of the Bender-Gestalt Tests Sequence, Use of Space I, Collision, Perceptual Rotation, and Retrogression (.05).This investigation discussed a number of skills and abilities which might be important on the performance of these tests in brain damaged patients, namely: anticipatory planning, visual organization, and shifting. Furthermore, overt anxiety has been considered one of the factors which might affect the performance of the brain-damaged patients on both tests.

This study investigated the differences between right and left hemisphere brain damaged (BD) patients and controls in response to verbal and spatial-affective stimuli. The three null hypotheses explored in this study were: (a) Right hemisphere BD patients would not display significantly different arousal levels from controls in response to verbal and spatial-affective stimuli, (b) left hemisphere BD patients would not display significantly different arousal levels from controls in response to verbal and spatial-affective stimuli, and (c) left hemisphere BD patients would not display significantly different arousal levels from right hemisphere BD patients in response to verbal and spatial-affective stimuli. A One-Way Analysis of Variance was used to determine if differences in arousal existed between right and left hemisphere BD patients and controls. Planned comparisons (t-tests) were used in analyzing the hypotheses.A total of 48 subjects was used in this study. Experimental subjects were composed of 16 left and 16 right hemisphere BD patients from Community Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana. Sixteen control subjects were obtained from the community of Muncie, Indiana. All subjects were volunteers. No significant differences were found between right and left hemisphere BD patients and controls with respect to age, education, and post injury.The instruments used in this study were a J & J electrodermal unit, the Affective Behavior Test, and the Comprehension subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised. All tests were individually administered while GSR recordings were obtained. Administration, scoring, computer analyses, and interpretation was completed between May 1982 and February 1984.All three null hypotheses were rejected. Right and left hemisphere BD patients' arousal levels in response to affective stimuli were significantly different from those of controls (p <.001). These results suggested that arousal levels in right and left hemisphere BD patients were lower than non-brain damaged individuals. Additionally, right hemisphere BD patients were found to have significantly lower arousal levels than left hemisphere BD patients (p<.01). In light of these findings, it was recommended that future research explore the value of increasing arousal levels for cerebrovascular accident patients in the rehabilitative process.

Purpose: The principal aim of this project was to investigate the influence of clinical indices of injury severity and polymorphism of the apolipoprotein E gene upon the long-term physical, cognitive and emotional sequelae of traumatic brain injury and spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage. It was also intended to determine the extent to which changes occur in these sequelae beyond the initial six months post injury. Method: Sixty-two brain injury patients who had previously taken part in a neuropsychological assessment at six months post injury were traced and participated in a follow-up assessmens some 6-9 years subsequent to their injury. Separately, a group of 70 subarachnoid patients drawn from a consecutive series of neurosurgical admissions participated in a neuropsychological assessment at 14 months subsequent to their haemorrhage. In both studies, the assessment comprised a semi-structured interview and a battery of cognitive measures focusing principally upon memory and executive function tasks. A questionnaire including a range of standardised measures of anxiety, depression and quality of life was left with patients to be returned by post. Results: The ApoE e4 allele did not appear to influence recovery amongst these brain injury survivors, though there are suggestions that it may have an influence upon subgroups of patients. Amongst traumatic brain injury survivors, post-traumatic amnesia was a better predictor of functional or emotional outcome than consciousness based measures. However, consciousness based measures were more predictive of cognitive sequelae and low admission Glasgow Coma Scale was associated with continued improvement on information processing tasks. Other than on these tasks, there was little evidence of change between 6 months and 6-9 years post injury. Amongst the subarachnoid haemorrhage patients, Fisher Grade was found to be more predictive of subsequent Glasgow Outcome Scale and cognitive function than WFNS Grade or other clinical indices. Surviving aneurysmal patients had comparable levels of recovery to patients who had a negative angiogram. In both studies emotional sequelae, in particular anxiety-related difficulties, were found to be a principal factor in the functional outcome of some 40% of patients. Conclusions: Greater emphasis should be placed upon measures of post-traumatic amnesia as predictors of functional recovery in surviving patients. The use of an amnesia measure may also be warranted in studies of outcome following subarachnoid haemorrhage or other stroke. The ApoE e4 allele does not appear to have a strong influence upon functional recovery after brain injury across all patients, though it is possible that it interacts with other factors to influence recovery in subgroups. Greater emphasis should be placed upon the prevention and/or detection and treatment of mood disorders following brain injury. In the absence of intensive rehabilitative interventions, survivors of serious brain injury are more likely to deteriorate than to continue to recover beyond six months post injury.

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