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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Effect of estrogen therapy and sex on brain structures in aging : importance of lifelong endogenous and exogenous estrogen exposure

Lord, Catherine, 1978- January 2007 (has links)
No description available.
2

The neural basis for auditory-motor interactions during musical rhythm processing

Chen, Joyce Lynn January 2008 (has links)
The interplay between sounds and movements is not only critical for music performance, but also for the acquisition of speech, and might underlie the success of using music as a therapeutic tool in the facilitation of movements. This dissertation is comprised of three functional magnetic resonance imaging studies that aim to elucidate the neural basis underlying interactions between the auditory and motor systems in the context of musical rhythm perception and production. Study 1 investigated the neural correlates that facilitate auditory-motor coupling while subjects tapped along with an isochronous rhythm. Auditory input was manipulated so that the metric saliency of the isochronous rhythm increased across five parametric levels in order to modulate subjects’ tapping behaviour. [...] / L’interaction entre le son et le mouvement n’est pas seulement essentielle lors de prestations musicales, mais aussi lors de l’ acquisition de la parole, et pourrait être à la base du succès de la musique lorsqu’elle est utilisée en tant qu’agent thérapeutique visant la facilitation du mouvement. Cette dissertation consiste en trois études d’imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle visant à élucider les fondements neuraux à la base de l’interaction entre le système auditif et le système moteur dans le contexte de la perception et de la production de rythmes musicaux. La première étude examina les corrélats neuraux facilitant le couplage auditif-moteur chez des sujets produisant des battements alors qu’ils étaient guidés par un rythme isochronique. L’information auditive fut manipulée pour que la proéminence métrique du rythme isochronique augmente à travers cinq niveaux paramétriques dans le but de moduler les battements produits par le sujet. [...]
3

The neural basis for auditory-motor interactions during musical rhythm processing

Chen, Joyce Lynn January 2008 (has links)
No description available.
4

Specialized and independent processing of orientation and shape in visual field maps LO1 and LO2

Silson, E.H., McKeefry, Declan J., Rodgers, J., Gouws, A.D., Hymers, M., Morland, A.B. January 2013 (has links)
We identified human visual field maps, LO1 and LO2, in object-selective lateral occipital cortex. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), we assessed the functions of these maps in the perception of orientation and shape. TMS of LO1 disrupted orientation, but not shape, discrimination, whereas TMS of LO2 disrupted shape, but not orientation, discrimination. This double dissociation suggests that specialized and independent processing of different visual attributes occurs in LO1 and LO2.
5

Induced deficits in speed perception by transcranial magnetic stimulation of human cortical areas V5/MT+ and V3A

McKeefry, D. J., Burton, M. P., Vakrou, C., Barrett, B. T., Morland, A. B. January 2008 (has links)
In this report, we evaluate the role of visual areas responsive to motion in the human brain in the perception of stimulus speed. We first identified and localized V1, V3A, and V5/MT+ in individual participants on the basis of blood oxygenation level-dependent responses obtained in retinotopic mapping experiments and responses to moving gratings. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was then used to disrupt the normal functioning of the previously localized visual areas in each participant. During the rTMS application, participants were required to perform delayed discrimination of the speed of drifting or spatial frequency of static gratings. The application of rTMS to areas V5/MT and V3A induced a subjective slowing of visual stimuli and (often) caused increases in speed discrimination thresholds. Deficits in spatial frequency discrimination were not observed for applications of rTMS to V3A or V5/MT+. The induced deficits in speed perception were also specific to the cortical site of TMS delivery. The application of TMS to regions of the cortex adjacent to V5/MT and V3A, as well as to area V1, produced no deficits in speed perception. These results suggest that, in addition to area V5/MT+, V3A plays an important role in a cortical network that underpins the perception of stimulus speed in the human brain.
6

Imagens de ressonância magnética funcional em pacientes com doença de Parkinson submetidos à estimulação cerebral profunda / Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in patients with Parkinson\'s disease with deep brain stimulation

Arantes, Paula Ricci 22 March 2005 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A estimulação cerebral profunda (ECP) é usada para tratar a doença de Parkinson (DP) avançada. A estimulação do núcleo subtalâmico (NST) melhora os sintomas de parkinsonismo, mas seu mecanismo de ação permanece pouco compreendido. A ressonância magnética functional (RMf) pode auxiliar no estudo de áreas cerebrais motoras de forma a melhorar o entendimento dos mecanismos de ação da ECP. O objetivo desta tese foi de desenvolver e testar técnicas de RMf para estudo de pacientes com DP tratados com ECP. MÉTODOS: Foram realizados testes para verificar interferência do sistema de ECP nas imagens de RMf e realizadas adaptações de modo a diminuir os artefatos na imagem. A seguir foram examinados pacientes com DP em quatro condições: durante a movimentação da mão direita (antes do implante dos eletrodos para ECP, depois da cirurgia sem estímulo elétrico e depois da cirurgia com estímulo elétrico no NST) e durante o repouso com a estimulação elétrica ligada e desligada. No total foram examinados dez pacientes, dos quais oito foram comparados a voluntários normais. Foram realizadas três sessões de RMf em cada condição, utilizando dois tipos de seqüências: em bloco (BL) e relacionada a eventos (RE). As imagens foram analisadas calculando-se a freqüência de atividade cerebral detectada em 19 áreas sensitivo-motoras. Dados comportamentais durante o exame e a evolução clínica foram analisados. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes não apresentaram complicações decorrentes dos exames de RMf. Após modificações na técnica de implante do eletrodo e ajustes do intervalo pós-cirúrgico para o exame, os artefatos nas imagens foram reduzidos. Nos controles, as sequencias RE mostraram mais atividade que BL nas áreas: área suplementar motora, área pré-motora (pM) direita, cíngulo anterior (Cga), cíngulo posterior (Cgp), tálamo bilateral e putamen direito. Durante a movimentação da mão dominante, comparando as seqüências BL e RE dos pacientes com DP, não houve diferença significativa considerando todos experimentos pré-operatórios e pósoperat órios sem o estímulo elétrico. Com o estímulo elétrico ligado, nas seqüências BL houve maior atividade em relação às RE, na área sensitivomotora primária (SM1) esquerda. Durante o repouso, quando a estimulação elétrica foi ligada houve maior atividade das seguintes áreas: cerebelo direito, SM1 esquerda, Cgp, pM bilateral, mesencéfalo esquerdo e Cga. Houve melhora clínica dos pacientes e tanto a avaliação motora na primeira semana pós-operatória, na fase sem medicação, bem como a avaliação global em seis meses estiveram correlacionadas com os parâmetros motores aferidos durante os exames de RMf. CONCLUSÕES: Foi desenvolvido método para a aplicação da RMf em pacientes com DP submetidos à ECP que permitiu as seguintes observações: as seqüências BL mostraram maior freqüência de atividade na SM1 nos pacientes com DP e ECP ligada, enquanto as seqüências RE mostraram maior freqüência de atividade nos voluntários normais nas áreas motoras primárias e secundárias; e o estímulo elétrico no repouso produziu atividade detectada no cerebelo e nas regiões motoras primárias e secundárias / INTRODUCTION: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is used to treat advanced Parkinson\'s disease (PD). Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is effective to improve the symptoms related to parkinsonism, but its mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be applied to study brain areas involved in motor activity, as a mean to better understand the effects of DBS. In this work we aimed to develop and test fMRI techniques to study DP patients treated with DBS. METHODS: We have initially performed tests to check the interference of the DBS in image quality and made adaptations that minimized the artifacts. After this initial phase PD patients were examined by fMRI in four different phases: during right hand movement (before surgery to implant DBS electrodes, after the surgery with the electrical stimulation turned off, and after the surgery with the electrical stimulation turned on the STN) and at rest with electrical stimulation turned on. In total, ten patients were examined, eight of them paired to matched normal volunteers. All tasks were performed in three independent sessions for each condition, using two types of runs: blocked (BK) and event-related (ER). The images were analyzed calculating the frequency of activation detected in 19 sensory-motor areas. Behavioral data during fMRI exams and clinical data were also recorded. RESULTS: There were no clinical complications due to fMRI exams. The modifications in the DBS procedure and post-surgical time to fMRI examination resulted in a reduction of the image artifacts. In the controls the ER runs showed more activity than BK in: supplementary motor area, right pre-motor area (pM), anterior cingulated gyrus (aCg), posterior cingulated gyrus (pCg), bilateral thalamus, and right putamen. During the dominant hand movements, when comparing ER and BK runs in PD patients there was no significant difference considering pre and post operative phases without electrical stimulation. When the electrical stimulation was turned on, BK runs showed more activation in the left primary sensory-motor cortex (SM1) compared to ER runs. In the rest state, when the electrical stimulation was turned on, there was more activation in the following areas: right cerebellum, left SM1, pCg, bilateral pM, left mesencephalus and aCg. There was clinical improvement in the patients, and the motor performance in the first post operative week, in the drug withdrawn phase as well as in the global evaluation after six months were correlated with the motor parameters recorded during the fMRI exams. CONCLUSIONS: we have developed a method for fMRI in PD patients with DBS, which enabled the following observations: BK runs showed increased frequency of activity in SM1 in PD patients with electrical stimulation turned on, while the ER runs showed more frequency of activation in normal volunteers in primary and secondary motor regions; the electrical stimulations in rest state produced activity detected in cerebellum, primary and secondary motor regions
7

Imagens de ressonância magnética funcional em pacientes com doença de Parkinson submetidos à estimulação cerebral profunda / Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in patients with Parkinson\'s disease with deep brain stimulation

Paula Ricci Arantes 22 March 2005 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A estimulação cerebral profunda (ECP) é usada para tratar a doença de Parkinson (DP) avançada. A estimulação do núcleo subtalâmico (NST) melhora os sintomas de parkinsonismo, mas seu mecanismo de ação permanece pouco compreendido. A ressonância magnética functional (RMf) pode auxiliar no estudo de áreas cerebrais motoras de forma a melhorar o entendimento dos mecanismos de ação da ECP. O objetivo desta tese foi de desenvolver e testar técnicas de RMf para estudo de pacientes com DP tratados com ECP. MÉTODOS: Foram realizados testes para verificar interferência do sistema de ECP nas imagens de RMf e realizadas adaptações de modo a diminuir os artefatos na imagem. A seguir foram examinados pacientes com DP em quatro condições: durante a movimentação da mão direita (antes do implante dos eletrodos para ECP, depois da cirurgia sem estímulo elétrico e depois da cirurgia com estímulo elétrico no NST) e durante o repouso com a estimulação elétrica ligada e desligada. No total foram examinados dez pacientes, dos quais oito foram comparados a voluntários normais. Foram realizadas três sessões de RMf em cada condição, utilizando dois tipos de seqüências: em bloco (BL) e relacionada a eventos (RE). As imagens foram analisadas calculando-se a freqüência de atividade cerebral detectada em 19 áreas sensitivo-motoras. Dados comportamentais durante o exame e a evolução clínica foram analisados. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes não apresentaram complicações decorrentes dos exames de RMf. Após modificações na técnica de implante do eletrodo e ajustes do intervalo pós-cirúrgico para o exame, os artefatos nas imagens foram reduzidos. Nos controles, as sequencias RE mostraram mais atividade que BL nas áreas: área suplementar motora, área pré-motora (pM) direita, cíngulo anterior (Cga), cíngulo posterior (Cgp), tálamo bilateral e putamen direito. Durante a movimentação da mão dominante, comparando as seqüências BL e RE dos pacientes com DP, não houve diferença significativa considerando todos experimentos pré-operatórios e pósoperat órios sem o estímulo elétrico. Com o estímulo elétrico ligado, nas seqüências BL houve maior atividade em relação às RE, na área sensitivomotora primária (SM1) esquerda. Durante o repouso, quando a estimulação elétrica foi ligada houve maior atividade das seguintes áreas: cerebelo direito, SM1 esquerda, Cgp, pM bilateral, mesencéfalo esquerdo e Cga. Houve melhora clínica dos pacientes e tanto a avaliação motora na primeira semana pós-operatória, na fase sem medicação, bem como a avaliação global em seis meses estiveram correlacionadas com os parâmetros motores aferidos durante os exames de RMf. CONCLUSÕES: Foi desenvolvido método para a aplicação da RMf em pacientes com DP submetidos à ECP que permitiu as seguintes observações: as seqüências BL mostraram maior freqüência de atividade na SM1 nos pacientes com DP e ECP ligada, enquanto as seqüências RE mostraram maior freqüência de atividade nos voluntários normais nas áreas motoras primárias e secundárias; e o estímulo elétrico no repouso produziu atividade detectada no cerebelo e nas regiões motoras primárias e secundárias / INTRODUCTION: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is used to treat advanced Parkinson\'s disease (PD). Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is effective to improve the symptoms related to parkinsonism, but its mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be applied to study brain areas involved in motor activity, as a mean to better understand the effects of DBS. In this work we aimed to develop and test fMRI techniques to study DP patients treated with DBS. METHODS: We have initially performed tests to check the interference of the DBS in image quality and made adaptations that minimized the artifacts. After this initial phase PD patients were examined by fMRI in four different phases: during right hand movement (before surgery to implant DBS electrodes, after the surgery with the electrical stimulation turned off, and after the surgery with the electrical stimulation turned on the STN) and at rest with electrical stimulation turned on. In total, ten patients were examined, eight of them paired to matched normal volunteers. All tasks were performed in three independent sessions for each condition, using two types of runs: blocked (BK) and event-related (ER). The images were analyzed calculating the frequency of activation detected in 19 sensory-motor areas. Behavioral data during fMRI exams and clinical data were also recorded. RESULTS: There were no clinical complications due to fMRI exams. The modifications in the DBS procedure and post-surgical time to fMRI examination resulted in a reduction of the image artifacts. In the controls the ER runs showed more activity than BK in: supplementary motor area, right pre-motor area (pM), anterior cingulated gyrus (aCg), posterior cingulated gyrus (pCg), bilateral thalamus, and right putamen. During the dominant hand movements, when comparing ER and BK runs in PD patients there was no significant difference considering pre and post operative phases without electrical stimulation. When the electrical stimulation was turned on, BK runs showed more activation in the left primary sensory-motor cortex (SM1) compared to ER runs. In the rest state, when the electrical stimulation was turned on, there was more activation in the following areas: right cerebellum, left SM1, pCg, bilateral pM, left mesencephalus and aCg. There was clinical improvement in the patients, and the motor performance in the first post operative week, in the drug withdrawn phase as well as in the global evaluation after six months were correlated with the motor parameters recorded during the fMRI exams. CONCLUSIONS: we have developed a method for fMRI in PD patients with DBS, which enabled the following observations: BK runs showed increased frequency of activity in SM1 in PD patients with electrical stimulation turned on, while the ER runs showed more frequency of activation in normal volunteers in primary and secondary motor regions; the electrical stimulations in rest state produced activity detected in cerebellum, primary and secondary motor regions

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