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Foram enfocadas neste presente estudo, 3 raças de cães, ou seja, Boxer, Dobermann e Rottweiler, com tipos constitucionais e aptidões funcionais característicos e distintos entre si, sendo coletados 4 encéfalos de cada raça. Dos encéfalos foram retirados fragmentos das diferentes áreas do córtex cerebral, que foram preparados segundo técnica histológica convencional e corados por violeta cresil modificada. Através de contagem visual-manual, foram buscados dados comparativos, entre áreas cerebrais versus raça associando tipos constitucionais versus aptidão funcional. As lâminas foram analisadas com auxílio do Axióscopio Zeiss®, acoplado ao programa de análise de imagens KS-400 versão 2.0 Kontron - Zeiss®. Os fatores raças, áreas e hemisférios cerebrais podem ser variáveis dependentes entre si, pois foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas em valores correspondentes à média de corpos de neurônios das áreas estudadas nas diferentes raças, bem como entre os hemisférios cerebrais. / They had been focused in this present study three dog breeds: Boxer, Dobermann e Rottweiler, with types constitutional and aptitudes functional characteristic and between itself, being collected 4 brains of each race. Of the brians they had been removed slices of the different areas of the brain cortex, that they had been prepared second conventional histological technique and stained by modified violet cresil. Through counting appearance-manual, comparative data were reached, mainly between brain areas versus breed associating types constitutional and aptitudes functional. The slices were analyzed with aid of Axióscopio Zeiss® connected to the program of analysis of images KS-400 version 2.0 Kontron - Zeiss®. The factors races, areas and brain hemispheres can be changeable dependents between itself, therefore estatisticament significant differences in corresponding values to the average of bodies of neurons of the areas studied in the different races had been found, as well as between the brain hemispheres.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2003. / Härtill 9 uppsatser.

Foram enfocadas neste presente estudo, 3 raças de cães, ou seja, Boxer, Dobermann e Rottweiler, com tipos constitucionais e aptidões funcionais característicos e distintos entre si, sendo coletados 4 encéfalos de cada raça. Dos encéfalos foram retirados fragmentos das diferentes áreas do córtex cerebral, que foram preparados segundo técnica histológica convencional e corados por violeta cresil modificada. Através de contagem visual-manual, foram buscados dados comparativos, entre áreas cerebrais versus raça associando tipos constitucionais versus aptidão funcional. As lâminas foram analisadas com auxílio do Axióscopio Zeiss®, acoplado ao programa de análise de imagens KS-400 versão 2.0 Kontron - Zeiss®. Os fatores raças, áreas e hemisférios cerebrais podem ser variáveis dependentes entre si, pois foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas em valores correspondentes à média de corpos de neurônios das áreas estudadas nas diferentes raças, bem como entre os hemisférios cerebrais. / They had been focused in this present study three dog breeds: Boxer, Dobermann e Rottweiler, with types constitutional and aptitudes functional characteristic and between itself, being collected 4 brains of each race. Of the brians they had been removed slices of the different areas of the brain cortex, that they had been prepared second conventional histological technique and stained by modified violet cresil. Through counting appearance-manual, comparative data were reached, mainly between brain areas versus breed associating types constitutional and aptitudes functional. The slices were analyzed with aid of Axióscopio Zeiss® connected to the program of analysis of images KS-400 version 2.0 Kontron - Zeiss®. The factors races, areas and brain hemispheres can be changeable dependents between itself, therefore estatisticament significant differences in corresponding values to the average of bodies of neurons of the areas studied in the different races had been found, as well as between the brain hemispheres.

Pre-treatment with polyunsaturated fatty acids or bioactive lipid mediators has been shown to reduce neuronal injury in rodent models of focal ischaemia, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this neuroprotection are unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether systemic administration of alpha linolenic acid (ALA) leads to changes in the profile of mouse brain phospholipid and bioactive lipid mediators in both mouse brain and plasma within the previously determined neuroprotection time window. Mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) allowed us to detect and identify 47 phospholipids in mouse cerebral cortex, including several phospholipid species not previously reported in brain lipidomic studies. These included a phosphatidylethanolamine species with m/z 720 that has been associated with retinal stem cells. No widespread changes in cerebral cortex phospholipid composition were observed following intravenous ALA. Several significant changes in lipid mediators (P<0.05 with two-way ANOVA and post hoc Dunnett's t test) were detected in ALA-treated animals compared to untreated and vehicle-injected animals. Many of the affected lipid mediators are ligands for prostanoid receptors which have been demonstrated to play a role in the development of brain injury following cerebral ischaemia, implying that changes in bioactive lipid mediators or modulation of prostanoid receptors may occur following ALA pre-treatment in mice. This study illustrates the potential of advanced lipidomic analysis as a novel tool for neurochemists.

<p>U ovoj doktorskoj disertaciji je uspe&scaron;no izvr&scaron;eno izolovanje&nbsp;opijatnih alkaloida iz humanih biolo&scaron;kih uzoraka (moždanog&nbsp;tkiva, krvi, urina i žuči) kao i biolo&scaron;kih uzoraka&nbsp;<br />eksperimentalnih životinja (moždanog tkiva i krvi) primenom&nbsp;postupka čvrsto-tečne ekstrakcije (SPE-Solid Phase Extraction).&nbsp;Modifikovan je postupak za kvalitativnu i kvantitativnu GC-MS&nbsp;(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) analizu biolo&scaron;kih&nbsp;<br />uzoraka.&nbsp;Utvrđena je distribucija opijatnih alkaloida: morfina, kodeina,&nbsp;acetilkodeina, 6-acetilmorfina i heroina u humanim biolo&scaron;kim&nbsp;uzorcima moždanog tkiva (moždanoj kori, moždanom stablu,&nbsp;amigdali i bazalnim jedrima), pri čemu je najveći sadržaj&nbsp;<br />opijata određen u moždanoj kori i bazalnim jedrima,&nbsp;podjednako kod mu&scaron;kih i ženskih osoba.&nbsp;Utvrđena je distribucija opijatnih alkaloida: morfina, kodeina,&nbsp;acetilkodeina, 6-acetilmorfina i heroina u biolo&scaron;kim uzorcima&nbsp;moždanog tkiva (moždanoj kori, moždanom &nbsp;stablu, amigdali i&nbsp;bazalnim jedrima) i krvi eksperimentalnih životinja (pacova), u&nbsp;<br />različitim vremenskim periodima (5, 15, 45 i 120 minuta) od&nbsp;tretiranja životinja heroinom.&nbsp;Najveći sadržaj opijata je određen u moždanoj kori i bazalnim&nbsp;jedrima, podjednako kod mužjaka i ženki pacova ali u različitim&nbsp;vremenskim periodima. U uzorcima krvi je najveći sadržaj&nbsp;opijata određen u istom vremenskom periodu kod životinja oba&nbsp;pola, pri čemu su kod mužjaka određene znatno veće vrednosti&nbsp;koncentracija, &scaron;to ukazuje na bržudistribuciju opijata iz krvi u&nbsp;mozak kod ženki u &nbsp;odnosu na mužjake pacova.&nbsp;Utvrđeno je da je distribucija opijata u humanom moždanom&nbsp;tkivu kod pripadnika suprotnih polova kao i moždanom tkivu&nbsp;mužjaka i ženki pacova (nakon 120 minuta od tretiranja&nbsp;heroinom), identična.&nbsp;Ispitivanjem uticaja opijata &nbsp;na markere oksidativnog stresa u&nbsp;jetri eksperimentalnih životinja suprotnih polova, utvrđeno je&nbsp;smanjenje aktivnosti enzima: katalaze (CAT), glutation-peroksidaze (GSH- Px), peroksidaze (Px) i ksantin-oksidaze&nbsp;(XOD).</p> / <p>Opiate alkaloids were successfully isolated from human biological samples (brain tissue, blood, urine, and bile) as well as from biological samples of experimental animals (brain tissue and blood) by applying procedure of solid-phase extraction (SPE). A modified procedure was worked out for qualitative and quantitative analysis of biological samples by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The distribution of opiate alkaloids:morphine, codeine, acetylcodeine, 6-acetylmorphine, and heroine in human biological samples of brain tissue (cortex, brain stem, amigdala and basal nuclei) was established, showing the highest content of opiates &nbsp; in the cortex and basal nuclei, equal with male and female persons. It was established how the opiatealkaloids: morphine codeine, acetylcodeine, 6-acetylmorphine&nbsp; and heroine are distributed in biological samples of brain tissue (cortex, brain stem, amigdala and basal nuclei) and blood of experimental animals&nbsp; (rats) in different time periods (5, 15, 45 and 120 min) after the animal treatment with&nbsp;heroine. The highest content of opiates was found in the cortex and basal nuclei,&nbsp;equal in the male and female rats, but in different time periods. In blood samples, the highest content of opiates was measured in the same period with animals of both sexes, the concentration in the males being significantly higher, indicating a faster passage of the opiates from blood to brain in the female compared to male rats.&nbsp;Identical distribution of opiates was found in human brain tissue of both male and female subjects as in rats of both sexes (120 min after treatment with heroine).&nbsp;Study of the effect of opiates on the markers of oxidative stress in the liver of tested animals of opposite sexes showed a lowered activity of the following enzymes: &nbsp;catalase (CAT), glutathion-peroxidase (GSH-Px), peroxidase (Px) and xanthine-xidase &nbsp;(XOD).</p>

The aim of this Ph.D. thesis was to analyze the morphine-induced changes of frontal brain cortex protein composition in rats exposed to increasing doses of morphine (10-50 mg/kg) for prolonged period of time (10 days). The first part of this work was oriented to the analysis of the phenomenon of hypersensitization/superactivation of adenylyl cyclase (AC), which is regarded as one of the crucial molecular mechanisms causing drastic pathological consequences of drug addiction. The increase of AC activity represents a "compensatory" response and is functionally related to the desensitization of G protein response to prolonged morphine exposure of target cells. The clear desensitization of µ-OR- and δ-OR-stimulated G protein response by morphine was demonstrated in our laboratory by analysis of the dose-response curves of DAMGO and DADLE-stimulated, high-affinity [35 S] GTPγS binding in plasma membranes isolated from frontal brain cortex of rats exposed to morphine according to the same protocol as that used in my Ph.D. thesis (10-50 mg/kg, 10 days). The κ-OR-stimulated [35 S] GTPγS binding was unchanged. It has been determined the amount of all AC isoforms (AC I-IX) in plasma membranes (PM) isolated from control and morphine-treated rats which were sacrificed 24 hours since the last dose of morphine....