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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Some useful functionals of the empirical age distribution for an age dependent branching process, and corresponding asymptotic inference procedures

Taylor, James R. January 1978 (has links)
Thesis--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. Vita. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-130).
12

NRAGE in branching morphogenesis of the developing murine kidney /

Nikopoulos, George N., January 2009 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.) in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology--University of Maine, 2009. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-107).
13

Some limit theorems for a one-dimensional branching random walk.

Russell, Peter Cleland January 1972 (has links)
No description available.
14

NRAGE in Branching Morphogenesis of the Developing Murine Kidney

Nikopoulos, George N. January 2009 (has links) (PDF)
No description available.
15

Some limit theorems for a one-dimensional branching random walk.

Russell, Peter Cleland January 1972 (has links)
No description available.
16

Evolution of sex and recombination in large, finite populations

Hartfield, Matthew January 2012 (has links)
This thesis investigates how breaking apart selection interference (‘Hill-Robertson’ effects) that arises between linked loci can select for higher levels of recombination. Specifically, it mainly studies how the presence of both advantageous and deleterious mutation affects selection for recombination. These evolutionary advantages are subsequently investigated with regards to sex resisting asexual invasion in a subdivided population. i) KEIGHTLEY and OTTO (2006) showed a strong advantage to recombination in breaking apart selection interference, if it acts across multiple, linked loci subject to recurrent deleterious mutation. Their model is modified to consider selection acting on recombination if a small proportion of mutations are advantageous. This leads to a greater increase in selection acting on a recombination modifier, compared to cases where only deleterious mutations are present. ii) Branching-process methods are developed to quantify how likely it is that a deleterious mutant hitchhikes with a selective sweep, and how recombination between the two loci affects this process. This is compared to the neutral hitchhiking model, to determine how levels of linked neutral diversity would differ between the two scenarios. A simple application with regards to human genetic data is provided. iii) Population subdivision can maintain costly sex, as a consequence of restricted gene flow slowing the spread of invading asexuals, which leads to an excessive accumulation of deleterious alleles. However, previous work did not quantify whether costly sex can be maintained with realistic levels of population subdivision. Simulations in this thesis show that the level of population subdivision (as measured by Fst) needed to maintain costly sex decreases with larger population size; however critical Fst values found are generally high, compared to surveys of geographicallyclose populations. The lowest levels of population subdivision that maintained sex were found if mutation is both advantageous and deleterious, and demes were arranged in a one-dimensional stepping-stone formation. iv) An analytical method is developed to calculate how long it takes an advantageous mutation (such as an invading asexual) to spread through a subdivided population. The flexibility of the methods created means that they can be applied to different types of stepping-stone populations. It is shown how to formulate the fixation time for one-dimensional and two-dimensional structures, with analytical methods showing a good fit to simulation data.
17

Branching processes and partial differential equations /

Orum, John Christopher. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2005. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-161). Also available on the World Wide Web.
18

Branching Processes in Random Environments

Adam, Jeanne January 1986 (has links)
No description available.
19

Conditional limit theorems for multitype branching processes and illustration in epidemiological risk analysis

Pénisson, Sophie January 2010 (has links)
This thesis is concerned with the issue of extinction of populations composed of different types of individuals, and their behavior before extinction and in case of a very late extinction. We approach this question firstly from a strictly probabilistic viewpoint, and secondly from the standpoint of risk analysis related to the extinction of a particular model of population dynamics. In this context we propose several statistical tools. The population size is modeled by a branching process, which is either a continuous-time multitype Bienaymé-Galton-Watson process (BGWc), or its continuous-state counterpart, the multitype Feller diffusion process. We are interested in different kinds of conditioning on non-extinction, and in the associated equilibrium states. These ways of conditioning have been widely studied in the monotype case. However the literature on multitype processes is much less extensive, and there is no systematic work establishing connections between the results for BGWc processes and those for Feller diffusion processes. In the first part of this thesis, we investigate the behavior of the population before its extinction by conditioning the associated branching process X_t on non-extinction (X_t≠0), or more generally on non-extinction in a near future 0≤θ<∞ (X_{t+θ}≠0), and by letting t tend to infinity. We prove the result, new in the multitype framework and for θ>0, that this limit exists and is non-degenerate. This reflects a stationary behavior for the dynamics of the population conditioned on non-extinction, and provides a generalization of the so-called Yaglom limit, corresponding to the case θ=0. In a second step we study the behavior of the population in case of a very late extinction, obtained as the limit when θ tends to infinity of the process conditioned by X_{t+θ}≠0. The resulting conditioned process is a known object in the monotype case (sometimes referred to as Q-process), and has also been studied when X_t is a multitype Feller diffusion process. We investigate the not yet considered case where X_t is a multitype BGWc process and prove the existence of the associated Q-process. In addition, we examine its properties, including the asymptotic ones, and propose several interpretations of the process. Finally, we are interested in interchanging the limits in t and θ, as well as in the not yet studied commutativity of these limits with respect to the high-density-type relationship between BGWc processes and Feller processes. We prove an original and exhaustive list of all possible exchanges of limit (long-time limit in t, increasing delay of extinction θ, diffusion limit). The second part of this work is devoted to the risk analysis related both to the extinction of a population and to its very late extinction. We consider a branching population model (arising notably in the epidemiological context) for which a parameter related to the first moments of the offspring distribution is unknown. We build several estimators adapted to different stages of evolution of the population (phase growth, decay phase, and decay phase when extinction is expected very late), and prove moreover their asymptotic properties (consistency, normality). In particular, we build a least squares estimator adapted to the Q-process, allowing a prediction of the population development in the case of a very late extinction. This would correspond to the best or to the worst-case scenario, depending on whether the population is threatened or invasive. These tools enable us to study the extinction phase of the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy epidemic in Great Britain, for which we estimate the infection parameter corresponding to a possible source of horizontal infection persisting after the removal in 1988 of the major route of infection (meat and bone meal). This allows us to predict the evolution of the spread of the disease, including the year of extinction, the number of future cases and the number of infected animals. In particular, we produce a very fine analysis of the evolution of the epidemic in the unlikely event of a very late extinction. / Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Frage des Aussterbens von Populationen verschiedener Typen von Individuen. Uns interessiert das Verhalten vor dem Aussterben sowie insbesondere im Falle eines sehr späten Aussterbens. Wir untersuchen diese Fragestellung zum einen von einer rein wahrscheinlichkeitstheoretischen Sicht und zum anderen vom Standpunkt der Risikoanalyse aus, welche im Zusammenhang mit dem Aussterben eines bestimmten Modells der Populationsdynamik steht. In diesem Kontext schlagen wir mehrere statistische Werkzeuge vor. Die Populationsgröße wird entweder durch einen zeitkontinuierlichen mehrtyp-Bienaymé-Galton-Watson Verzweigungsprozess (BGWc) oder durch sein Analogon mit kontinuierlichem Zustandsraum, den Feller Diffusionsprozess, modelliert. Wir interessieren uns für die unterschiedlichen Arten auf Überleben zu bedingen sowie für die hierbei auftretenden Gleichgewichtszustände. Diese Bedingungen wurden bereits weitreichend im Falle eines einzelnen Typen studiert. Im Kontext von mehrtyp-Verzweigungsprozessen hingegen ist die Literatur weniger umfangreich und es gibt keine systematischen Arbeiten, welche die Ergebnisse von BGWc Prozessen mit denen der Feller Diffusionsprozesse verbinden. Wir versuchen hiermit diese Lücke zu schliessen. Im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit untersuchen wir das Verhalten von Populationen vor ihrem Aussterben, indem wir das zeitasymptotysche Verhalten des auf Überleben bedingten zugehörigen Verzweigungsprozesses (X_t|X_t≠0)_t betrachten (oder allgemeiner auf Überleben in naher Zukunft 0≤θ<∞, (X_t|X_{t+θ}≠0)_t). Wir beweisen das Ergebnis, neuartig im mehrtypen Rahmen und für θ>0, dass dieser Grenzwert existiert und nicht-degeneriert ist. Dies spiegelt ein stationäres Verhalten für auf Überleben bedingte Bevölkerungsdynamiken wider und liefert eine Verallgemeinerung des sogenannten Yaglom Grenzwertes (welcher dem Fall θ=0 entspricht). In einem zweiten Schritt studieren wir das Verhalten der Populationen im Falle eines sehr späten Aussterbens, welches wir durch den Grenzübergang auf θ→∞ erhalten. Der resultierende Grenzwertprozess ist ein bekanntes Objekt im eintypen Fall (oftmals als Q-Prozess bezeichnet) und wurde ebenfalls im Fall von mehrtyp-Feller-Diffusionsprozessen studiert. Wir untersuchen den bisher nicht betrachteten Fall, in dem X_t ein mehrtyp-BGWc Prozess ist und beweisen die Existenz des zugehörigen Q-Prozesses. Darüber hinaus untersuchen wir seine Eigenschaften einschließlich der asymptotischen und weisen auf mehrere Auslegungen hin. Schließlich interessieren wir uns für die Austauschbarkeit der Grenzwerte in t und θ, und die Vertauschbarkeit dieser Grenzwerte in Bezug auf die Beziehung zwischen BGWc und Feller Prozessen. Wir beweisen die Durchführbarkeit aller möglichen Grenzwertvertauschungen (Langzeitverhalten, wachsende Aussterbeverzögerung, Diffusionslimit). Der zweite Teil dieser Arbeit ist der Risikoanalyse in Bezug auf das Aussterben und das sehr späte Aussterben von Populationen gewidmet. Wir untersuchen ein Modell einer verzweigten Bevölkerung (welches vor allem im epidemiologischen Rahmen erscheint), für welche ein Parameter der Reproduktionsverteilung unbekannt ist. Wir konstruieren Schätzer, die an die jeweiligen Stufen der Evolution adaptiert sind (Wachstumsphase, Verfallphase sowie die Verfallphase, wenn das Aussterben sehr spät erwartet wird), und beweisen zudem deren asymptotische Eigenschaften (Konsistenz, Normalverteiltheit). Im Besonderen bauen wir einen für Q-Prozesse adaptierten kleinste-Quadrate-Schätzer, der eine Vorhersage der Bevölkerungsentwicklung im Fall eines sehr späten Aussterbens erlaubt. Dies entspricht dem Best- oder Worst-Case-Szenario, abhängig davon, ob die Bevölkerung bedroht oder invasiv ist. Diese Instrumente ermöglichen uns die Betrachtung der Aussterbensphase der Bovinen spongiformen Enzephalopathie Epidemie in Großbritannien. Wir schätzen den Infektionsparameter in Bezug auf mögliche bestehende Quellen der horizontalen Infektion nach der Beseitigung des primären Infektionsweges (Tiermehl) im Jahr 1988. Dies ermöglicht uns eine Vorhersage des Verlaufes der Krankheit inklusive des Jahres des Aussterbens, der Anzahl von zukünftigen Fällen sowie der Anzahl infizierter Tiere. Insbesondere ermöglicht es uns die Erstellung einer sehr detaillierten Analyse des Epidemieverlaufs im unwahrscheinlichen Fall eines sehr späten Aussterbens.
20

An optimisation-based approach to FKPP-type equations

Driver, David Philip January 2018 (has links)
In this thesis, we study a class of reaction-diffusion equations of the form $\frac{\partial u}{\partial t} = \mathcal{L}u + \phi u - \tfrac{1}{k} u^{k+1}$ where $\mathcal{L}$ is the stochastic generator of a Markov process, $\phi$ is a function of the space variables and $k\in \mathbb{R}\backslash\{0\}$. An important example, in the case when $k > 0$, is equations of the FKPP-type. We also give an example from the theory of utility maximisation problems when such equations arise and in this case $k < 0$. We introduce a new representation, for the solution of the equation, as the optimal value of an optimal control problem. We also give a second representation which can be seen as a dual problem to the first optimisation problem. We note that this is a new type of dual problem and we compare it to the standard Lagrangian dual formulation. By choosing controls in the optimisation problems we obtain upper and lower bounds on the solution to the PDE. We use these bounds to study the speed of the wave front of the PDE in the case when $\mathcal{L}$ is the generator of a suitable Lévy process.

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