This dissertation examines the antecedents and consequences of a fairly new construct in academic literature termed brand citizenship behavior. Constructs explored in the proposed model include brand identity, brand communication, internal marketing, brand pride, brand commitment, intention to stay and job satisfaction. A sample of 241 associates was surveyed at a large retail organization and key demographic variables were captured. Results indicate a causal relationship between internal marketing and brand citizenship behavior as well brand pride. While a causal link between brand citizenship behavior and brand commitment was not supported overall, permutations indicate causality among part time associates. Brand pride was found to mediate the relationship between brand citizenship behavior and brand commitment.

Background: Franchising is one of the most known and used business models for growing a company. It has been proven over the years and has many advantages and disadvantages. For a company to do it successfully and prove to be a profitable decision, it should be analyzed carefully from different perspectives. Purpose: This paper aims to provide a model and structure of how certain managerial factors affect the decision about a franchise store in the retail industry and its impacts on success. Ideas, concepts, theories, and information from previous research will be applied to a private company to analyze this model. The Research Question is: “To what extent do managerial factors concerning franchising a retail company affect its success?” Method: The effect of these managerial factors on the decision-making of franchisors was investigated through the use of real-life data from a private company. Several interviews with the owners of the company and a survey with current customers of the store were conducted to give insights and needed information for the analysis. Conclusion: This paper provides a model which can be used by a company that wants to franchise. Considering the different factors and following the steps, one can successfully decide if franchising is the right growing strategy for the company.

此篇論文之目的乃是探討品牌心理擁有感之前因與結果因素，本研究欲探討之三個與品牌相關的構念，包括公司品牌管理、品牌心理擁有感、品牌公民行為。第一個構念為公司品牌管理，代表能改善不同利害關係人對公司品牌認知與態度之組織作法；第二構念為品牌心理擁有感，代表能使員工對公司品牌產生所有權感受的心理狀態；第三個構念為品牌公民行為，代表員工擁有品牌導向之利他行為並將品牌精神活出來。本研究採取了兩個步驟，以探討品牌心理擁有感之前因與結果因素，本研究首先進行了公司品牌管理、品牌心理擁有感與品牌公民行為之量表發展，其次，本研究探索了公司品牌管理、品牌心理擁有感、品牌公民行為與品牌權益之跨層次關係。 本研究根據Hinkin (1998)之準則進行量表發展，在公司品牌管理的部分，本研究從台灣連鎖商店的主管獲得275份樣本。在探索性因素分析與驗證性因素分析後，本研究獲得五項公司品牌管理的因素，包括：公司品牌管理的溝通與評估、公司品牌管理之部門間協調、公司品牌管理之領導與利害關係人互動、公司品牌管理之訓練與徵選、公司品牌管理之文化與願景，結果顯示公司品牌管理量表具有良好的穩定性與效度。 在品牌心理擁有感與品牌公民行為的部分，本研究從台灣連鎖商店的第一線員工獲得361份樣本。在探索性因素分析與驗證性因素分析後，本研究獲得三項品牌心理擁有感的因素，包括：品牌自我效能感、品牌責任感、品牌認同感與歸屬感。同樣地，在探索性因素分析與驗證性因素分析後，本研究獲得三項品牌公民行為的因素，包括：品牌之運動家精神與背書、品牌之幫助行為、品牌之考量與提升，結果顯示品牌心理擁有感與品牌公民行為之量表具有良好的穩定性與效度。 從個人層次的分析結果發現，品牌心理擁有感正向影響品牌公民行為，並且大部分之品牌心理擁有感的因素正向影響品牌公民行為的因素。從跨層次的分析結果發現，公司品牌管理正向影響品牌心理擁有感與品牌公民行為，組織層次的品牌公民行為正向影響品牌權益。本研究亦發現，品牌心理擁有感在公司品牌管理與品牌公民行為之間扮演跨層次的中介角色。從跨層次的細部分析結果發現，許多公司品牌管理之因素正向影響品牌心理擁有感與品牌公民行為之因素。本研究亦探討了研究結果討論、研究貢獻、研究限制與未來研究。 / This thesis aims to investigate the antecedent and consequence of brand psychological ownership. Three major constructs related to branding efforts and results studied and explored by this research include corporate branding, brand psychological ownership, and brand citizenship behavior. The first construct, corporate branding, represents practices that improve brand cognitions and brand attitude of multiple stakeholders. The second construct, brand psychological ownership, represents the psychological state that makes employees produce feeling of ownership toward the corporate brand. The third construct, brand citizenship behavior, shows that employees have brand-oriented altruistic spirit and live the brand. In order to explore the antecedent and consequence of brand psychological ownership, two major steps are conducted by this study. First, this study conducts the scale developments of corporate branding, brand psychological ownership, and brand citizenship behavior. Second, this study explores the multilevel relation between corporate branding, brand psychological ownership, brand citizenship behavior, and brand equity. The guidelines of Hinkin (1998) are followed as the procedures of scale development. As for the scale development of corporate branding, a survey conducted among a sample of 275 managers from the franchise organizations in Taiwan was undertaken. Five factors of corporate branding obtained after EFA and CFA include: communication and evaluation of corporate branding, departmental coordination of corporate branding, leadership and interaction with stakeholders of corporate branding, training and selection of corporate branding, and vision and culture of corporate branding. The results represent a scale of corporate branding with good reliability and validity. As for scale developments of brand psychological ownership and brand citizenship behavior, a survey conducted among a sample of 361 customer-facing employees from the franchise organizations in Taiwan was undertaken. Three factors of brand psychological ownership obtained after EFA and CFA include: brand self-efficacy, brand accountability and identification and belongingness of brand. Three factors of brand citizenship behavior obtained after EFA and CFA include: sportsmanship and endorsement of brand, helping behavior of brand, and consideration and enhancement of brand. The results represent scales of brand psychological ownership and brand citizenship behavior with good reliability and validity. In the individual level analyses, brand psychological ownership has a positive effect on brand citizenship behavior, and most factors of brand psychological ownership have positive effects on factors of brand citizenship behavior. In the multilevel analyses, results demonstrate that corporate branding has positive effects on brand psychological ownership and brand citizenship behavior. Organizational-level brand citizenship behavior positively affects brand equity. It is also found that brand psychological ownership fully mediates the relationship between corporate branding and brand citizenship behavior. Detailed analyses show that many factors of corporate branding have positive effects on different factors of brand psychological ownership and brand citizenship behavior. Most factors of brand psychological ownership positively affect factors of brand citizenship behavior. Discussion, contributions, implication, limitation, and future study are also discussed.

本研究欲了解企業內部品牌行銷的四個重要因素：公司品牌管理、品牌導向人力資源管理、員工為基礎品牌權益、品牌公民行為之間的關係。希望以品牌服務人員的角度針對此議題進行研究。本研究以問卷調查的量化方式衡量品牌服務人員對於公司品牌管理、品牌導向人力資源管理、員工為基礎品牌權益、品牌公民行為的認知情形。之後以迴歸方法進行分析，探討上述變數之間的關係。本研究獲得下列結論： 一、本研究確認公司品牌管理對品牌導向人力資源管理有顯著且正面的關係。故公司品牌管理必須採用品牌導向人力資源管理來塑造員工對企業品牌的認知。 二、本研究確認品牌導向人力資源管理對員工為基礎品牌權益有顯著且正面的關係。故當企業採用品牌導向人力資源管理時，可以提昇員工為基礎品牌權益。 三、本研究確認員工為基礎品牌權益對品牌公民行為有顯著且正面的關係。故當員工為基礎品牌權益高時，員工會成為企業品牌的擁護者與守護者，而在替顧客服務時，會主動思考品牌的利益，而無條件的展現對於品牌的正面態度與行為，即展現品牌公民行為。 / This study investigates the relationship between four critical factors of internal brand marketing, including corporate branding, brand-centered HRM, employee-based brand equity, and brand citizen behavior. This study is designed to use quantitative method to understand the cognition of four factors from brand service personnel. Then, regression analysis is used to investigate the relationship between four factors. This study finally draws three conclusions. First, there is a positive relationship between corporate branding and brand-centered HRM. Thus, the corporate should consider to adopt brand-centered HRM to educate employees when it decides to use corporate branding strategy. Second, there is a positive relationship between brand-centered HRM and employee-based brand equity. Thus, the corporate could enhance employee-based brand equity when it adopts brand-centered HRM. Third, there is a positive relationship between employee-based brand equity and brand citizen behavior. Thus, if employee-based brand equity is significant, brand service personnel may act positive brand citizen behavior voluntarily.