Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning). Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2007. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2008. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

No description available.

The aim of the thesis was to determine whether the individual Se-speciation in the mammalian organism are affected by the form of received selenium. Selenium is an essential micronutrient important for humans and animals. It plays an important role in the antioxidant protection of the organism and in the conversion of thyroid hormones. In our experiment the laboratory Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Each group had a different diet. The rats were fed with selenium in the form of soy, sodium selenite and extracted rapeseed meal. Urine samples were regularly collected during the four-week experiment and in the end of the feeding study, the blood serum was also collected. The total selenium content was measured by ICP-MS, while the individual Se-speciation in urine and serum by HPLC coupled with ICP-MS. In the urine the identified speciation were methylselenocystein (MeSeCys), trimethylselenium (TMSe) and selenosugar 1 and 3. In the blood serum the measured speciation were TMSe, selenite, selenate and selenosugar 1. For the group fed with sodium selenite the measured values in the urine were generally higher, this might be due to a higher overall intake and also an inorganic form of selenium with a lower absorbency. Groups that received selenium from plant sources took in several Se-compounds and the total measured content of Se-speciation and secretion dynamics were not significantly different. Additionally speciation of selenosugar 2 was measured for the group fed with rapeseed meals, which in the other groups did not appear. When receiving selenium from plant sources the biotransformation in the mammalian organism differs in comparison to receiving selenium from mineral salts. The initial hypothesis that Se-speciation is influenced by the form of selenium administered in the diet was confirm by our results. Since the group fed rapeseed showed similar results as the group fed a standard feed with soy, the extracted rapeseed meal could serve as a good source in livestock nutrition.

The insect society living in oilseed rape is large. Change of the crop characteristics affects both harmful species and beneficious ones. The latter group consists of a lot of members of order Hymenoptera. This work focuses on the evaluation of impact of white oilseed rape cultivation on the insect society in comparison with two yellow winter varieties. Newly bred winter oilseed rape line variety Witt was compared to two hybrid varieties of yellow rape; Sherpa and DK Sensei. The experiment was carried out in 2015 and its plots were placed at Ruzyně at Crop Reserach Institute (VÚRV, v. v. i.) and also at the Experimental Unit of Czech University of Life Sciences (ČZU) in Uhříněves. The insects were collected by sweeping net, soil larvae traps and soil emergence traps. The occurrence of serious pests (pollen beetle Brassicogethes aeneus, brassica pod midge Dasineura brassicae, cabbage seed weevil Ceutorhynchus obstrictus, stem flea beetle Psylliodes chrysocephalus and cabbage flea beetles Phyllotreta sp.) was recorded. Dominant parasitoid species were Tersilochus heterocerus, Platygaster subuliformis, Trichomalus perfectus, Mesopolobus morys and Omphale clypealis. The level of pest mortality was evaluated. Numbers of species identified by key were processed using generalized linear model method in R statistical software. The results confirm suitability of the assessed varieties in the white oilseed rape cultivation system, notably in the combination of Sherpa and Witt. They give an insight into parasitoid community of oilseed rape in Czech republic, which is useful for management of serious pest species.

AFLP markers are widely used in breeding in some other crops, but their utilization in breeding of Brassica crops is not so frequent. AFLP markers are used for molecular characterization of particular varieties or genotypes and for evaluation of genetic diversity. The aim of this thesis was the application of this method in breeding of rapeseed and in comparative study of genetic variability of different oil seed rape cultivars of Czech, Czechoslovak and German origin. AFLP is based on selective amplification of genomic DNA. Technique consists of three basic steps: 1. restriction of genomic DNA on smaller fragments and ligation of adaptors; 2. selective amplification of fragments with specific primers and 3. electrophoresis of products and computer analysis (Vos et al., 1995). In this thesis 16 Czech (CZ) and Czechoslovak (CZS) and 16 German (G) cultivars of oilseed rape were compared. Two specific primers, EcoRI AGC and fluorescence labeled primer MseI ACC, were chosen for AFLP method. It was possible to distinguish group of CZ/CZS and G cultivars, which have origin in gene resources from Czech Republic and Germany. AFLP technique allows detection of very small differences in Brassica genome. The differences between studied cultivars exist, but they are not very distinct. They show on certain relationship and reduction of genetic basis of genetic resources, which are used in Central Europe.

Submitted by Helena Bejio (helena.bejio@unioeste.br) on 2017-11-22T00:12:14Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dout_2016_Milciades_A_Melgarejo_Arrua.pdf: 1302276 bytes, checksum: 1218d793f41ce055d1de7ad72c7d013c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-22T00:12:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dout_2016_Milciades_A_Melgarejo_Arrua.pdf: 1302276 bytes, checksum: 1218d793f41ce055d1de7ad72c7d013c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-29 / _CONACYT / Canola (Brassica napus L. var. oleifera) when grown at different spacings between rows and / or spacing between plants may favor maturation uniformity and increase productivity. Another important aspect of the crop is a definition of the adaptation period of sowing, which is of great importance to enable full growth, development and productivity. In order to generate information for the quality of a choice of canola hybrids more adapted as better sowing times and as better plant populations, three experiments were installed in which they were evaluated as agronomic characteristics and grain oil content. The experiments were conducted in the experimental area of the Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE) in Marechal Cândido Rondon-PR, in the years of 2013, 2014 and 2015. In the first experiment Hyola 61 canola hybrid was sown in different spacings between As lines and plant densities in the lines. The experimental design was used for randomized blocks, in arrangement of subdivided plots, with four replications. In the plots, row spacings (17, 34, 51 and 68 cm) were used and, in the subplots, plant densities (15, 30, 45 and 60 plants per square meter) were used. There is no second experiment for the canola generators Hyola 401, Hyola 76, Hyola 61, Hyola 433, Hyola 501, Hyola 571CL, Hyola 575CL, Hyola 474CL, Hyola 555TT, Hyola 656TT, Hyola 559TT, W8006 and H92002. The experimental design was used for randomized blocks with four replicates. As the plots were composed of four rows in 0.45 m, with 5 m in length, without weekly on May 8, 2015. There is no experience of five types of canola and two dates of sowing. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design (2x5), with four replications, with two sowing dates: April 28 and May 28, 2014, and April 20 and May 20, 2015. Five genotypes of canola: Hyola 76, Hyola 433, Hyola 61, Hyola 571 and Hyola 411. As plots were composed of six binders in 0.45 m with 5 m in length. Regarding the experiment with different row spacings and plant densities, in the year 2013, the average pods size per plant was 203 units, a corn mass of 3.8 grams and a mean productivity of 1290 kg ha-1. Significant interaction (p < 0.05) between spacing and density was observed for a plant height variable and number of grams per pod. In 2013, an average of 203 siliquas per plants were obtained. As early as 2014, the average number of pods was 126 units, with an average yield of 899 kg ha-1. Significant interaction (p < 0.05) was observed between the spacing and a density for a variable mass of corn and oil content. Regarding the experiment with 13 genera, significant differences were observed regarding the cycle (p ≤ 0.05) where the genotype Hyola 401, Hyola 50, Hyola 565TT and Hyola 559TT demonstrated the shortest cycle with 129 days and the mass of thousand grains where the genotypes Hyola 76, Hyola 571CL, Hyola 575CL, Hyola 474CL, Hyola 559TT, W8006 and H92002 obtained higher value. No significant differences were observed in the other variables analyzed by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The average grain yield of the tests was 1,518 kg ha-1 and a mean oil quality content of 42.45%. As agronomic characteristics and oil contents were not influenced by genetic tests. In the experiment with 5 genotypes of canola, in 2014, as sowing done on 05/28 obtained 31% more productivity, Hyola 411 obtained the average yield of 1,367 kg ha-1 of canola grains, being 25% higher The average of the other hybrids studied. Already, in 2015 the study with the same materials did not show significant differences in grain yield. 191 From Distr. From Distr. The average oil content on the grains was 39% and also did not detect significant differences between hybrids and time of sowing. / A canola (Brassica napus L. var. oleífera) quando cultivada em diferentes espaçamentos entre fileiras e/ou espaçamento entre as plantas pode favorecer a uniformidade de maturação e aumentar a produtividade. Outro aspecto importante na cultura é a definição da época adequada de semeadura, que é de grande importância para viabilizar o pleno crescimento, desenvolvimento e produtividade. Com o objetivo de gerar informações para embasar a escolha de híbridos de canola mais adaptados as melhores épocas de semeadura e as melhores populações de plantas, foram instalados três experimentos, nas quais foram avaliadas as características agronômicas e o teor de óleo dos grãos. Os experimentos foram conduzidos na área experimental da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE) em Marechal Cândido Rondon-PR, nos anos de 2013, 2014 e 2015. No primeiro experimento foi utilizado o hibrido de canola Hyola 61, semeado em diferentes espaçamentos entre as linhas e densidades de plantas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos ao acaso, em arranjo de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas, foram utilizados espaçamentos entre fileiras (17, 34, 51 e 68 cm) e nas subparcelas as densidades de plantas (15, 30, 45 e 60 plantas por m2). No segundo experimento foram avaliados os genótipos de canola Hyola 401, Hyola 76, Hyola 61, Hyola 433, Hyola 50, Hyola 571CL, Hyola 575CL, Hyola 474CL, Hyola 555TT, Hyola 656TT, Hyola 559TT, W8006 e H92002, utilizando delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram compostas por quatro fileiras espaçadas em 0,45 m, com 5 m de comprimento, semeadas no dia 8 de maio de 2015. Já no terceiro experimento foram avaliados cinco genótipos de canola e duas datas de semeadura. Foi utilizado delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas (2x5), com quatro repetições, sendo duas épocas de semeadura: 28/04 e 28/05 de 2014, e 20/04 e 20/05 de 2015 e cinco genótipos de canola: Hyola 76, Hyola 433, Hyola 61, Hyola 571 e Hyola 411. As parcelas foram compostas por seis fileiras espaçadas em 0,45 m com 5 m de comprimento. Com relação ao experimento com diferentes espaçamentos entre linhas e densidades de plantas, no ano 2013, o número médio de síliquas por planta foi de 203 unidades, a massa de mil grãos foi de 3,8 gramas e a produtividade média de 1290 kg ha-1. Foi observada interação significativa (p < 0,05) entre o espaçamento e a densidade, para a variável altura de plantas e número de grãos por síliquas. No ano 2013 foram obtidas a media de 203 síliquas por plantas. Já ano 2014, o número médio de síliquas foi de 126 unidades, a produtividade média foi de 899 kg ha-1. Foi observada interação significativa (p < 0,05) entre o espaçamento e a densidade para a variável massa de mil grãos e teor de óleo. Com relação ao experimento com 13 genótipos, foi observada diferenças significativas com relação ao ciclo (p ≤ 0,05) onde o genótipo Hyola 401, Hyola 50, Hyola 565TT e Hyola 559TT demostraram o ciclo mais curto com 129 dias e da massa de mil grãos na qual os genótipos Hyola 76, Hyola 571CL, Hyola 575CL, Hyola 474CL, Hyola 559TT, W8006 e H92002 obtiveram o maior valor. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nas demais variáveis. A média do rendimento de grãos dos genótipos testados foi de 1518 kg ha-1 e a média de teor de óleo de grãos foram de 42,45 %. As características agronômicas e os teores de óleo não foram influenciados pelos genótipos testados. No experimento com 5 genótipos de canola, no ano de 2014, as semeaduras feitas em 28/05 obtiveram 31% a mais de produtividade, o Hyola 411 obteve o rendimento médio de 1.367 kg ha-1 de grãos de canola, sendo 25% superiores à média dos demais híbridos estudados. Já em 2015, o estudo com os mesmos materiais não evidenciou diferenças significativas de rendimento de grãos. Diferente ao encontrado para a produtividade de grãos entre híbridos, na safra 2015, não se detectou diferença significativa entre a semeadura em 20/04 ou 20/05. O teor médio de óleo nos grãos foi de 39% e também não se detectaram diferenças significativas entre híbridos e época de semeadura.

No description available.