The studies in this thesis research were conducted to investigate if sensitivity to induced cortical spread depression (CSD) or the consequence of a CSD event is affected by sumatriptan induced latent sensitization. Previous studies in our lab showed persistent exposure of sumatripan to rats produced a latent state of sensitization. Using persistent sumatripan exposed rats as a model for medication overuse headache, behavior, electrical stimulation threshold to provoke a CSD event and the immunoreactivity of c-Fos in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) were characterized. Current results showed no statistical difference of electrically induced CSD thresholds in anesthetized rats measured at day 20 in sumatripan exposed rats compared with saline treated rats. Topiramate (80 mg/kg, i.p.) used clinically for prophylaxis of migraine headache significantly increased CSD threshold in both saline and sumatriptan infused rats. CSD events appear to be associated with trigeminal vascular system activation in TNC because c-Fos expression significantly enhanced in rats with electrically stimulated CSD events. As compared to saline treated rats, sumatriptan-exposed rats demonstrated a significantly higher number of c-Fos positive cells following the electrically stimulated CSD event. Under environmental stress (bright light), sumatripan exposed rats demonstrated decreased response thresholds to periorbital and hindpaw tactile stimuli (i.e., allodynia) and enhanced c-Fos expression in TNC. A single dose of topiramate (80 mg/kg, i.p.) reversed environmental stress induced allodynia and c-Fos over-activity. Taken together, these results suggest that latent sensitization induced by persistent sumatripan exposure seems not correlated to the threshold of electrically stimulated CSD in current model. However, CSD enhanced the responses of trigeminal system in rats with sumatriptan-induced latent sensitization. The protective effects of topiramate shown in this model may be related to blocking the initiation of CSD events resulting from environmental stimulation as well as inhibiting the consequences of CSD events in primary afferents. These findings correlate with clinical observations of protective effects of topiramate for migraine prophylaxis.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間健康科学) / 甲第21036号 / 人健博第52号 / 新制||人健||4(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻 / (主査)教授 任 和子, 教授 三谷 章, 教授 村井 俊哉 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human Health Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM

This master’s thesis deals with establishment of parameters of the PPI filter material using methods of image analysis. The first part is aimed at general methods used in practice, an overview of splitting into filter clasification and characterization of the PPI filter material. The second part represents an introduction to problems of machine vision. There are outlined basic methods of image processing. Last parts of the thesis study the method using detection of bright light levels. The measurement and interpretation of results is performed with the PPI material - types 10/6 and 10/12. For image processing is used the MATLAB program, version 7.0.1.

The short dark days of winter, related lack of energy, and low mood have always been part of life for those living in northern latitudes. For many, the gradual changes of the seasons are accompanied by the gradual degradation of their mental health. This disruptive effect is called Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). It is defined as major depressive episodes characterized by their seasonal recurrence for at least 2 consecutive years. Symptoms generally involve fatigue and a severe lack of energy leading to difficulty in performing daily activities as well as increased worry, anxiety, and irritability. Product Design in the field of SAD is positioned primarily in the treatment phase. Bright Light Therapy (BLT) products are used to attempt to alleviate the symptoms of the disorder. Efforts should focus on the prevention of mental illness to have a holistic impact on sustainable development. This project aims to identify an innovation opportunity where Product Design can be leveraged to prevent SAD. By leveraging semiotics, the study of signs and how meanings are created, in the field of lighting and design, a concept was developed that aims at complementing existing regulations in providing users with the conditions for improved well-being in the home. SAD is strongly linked to natural light and its cycles. Windows, the main provider of this kind of light in the home, have practical, comfort- and information-related roles. The developed concept aims at enhancing the meaning of windows to highlight our dependency on natural light cycles and prevent SAD. To effectively evaluate the concept and its effectiveness in creating meaning, it must be further developed and exposed to potential users.

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La sécrétion de mélatonine chez des patients atteints du syndrome d’impatience musculaire de l’éveil (SIME) débute approximativement 2 heures avant l’aggravation des symptômes en soirée (Michaud et al., 2004). Le but de ce projet était de préciser le rôle de la mélatonine dans l’augmentation de la sévérité des symptômes en soirée. Huit sujets atteints de SIME primaire ont été étudiés dans trois conditions : contrôle, avec administration de mélatonine, avec exposition à la lumière vive. La sévérité des symptômes a été évaluée par l’administration de tests d’immobilisation suggérée (TIS). Les résultats ont démontré une augmentation significative des mouvements périodiques des jambes durant l’éveil (MPJE) lorsque de la mélatonine avait été administrée comparativement à la condition contrôle et celle où les sujets étaient exposés à la lumière vive. La lumière vive n’a pas eu d’effet significatif sur les symptômes moteurs comparativement à la condition contrôle mais elle a amélioré significativement les symptômes sensoriels comparativement à la condition contrôle. Ainsi, bien que la mélatonine exogène ait un effet aggravant sur les symptômes moteurs du SIME, l’augmentation de la sécrétion endogène au cours de la soirée ne saurait expliquer à elle seule les variations de la sévérité des symptômes du SIME. / A close temporal relationship was shown between the onset of melatonin secretion at night and the worsening of restless legs syndrome (RLS) symptoms, suggesting that melatonin may play a role in the genesis of this phenomenon. Thus, we studied the effects of the administration of exogenous melatonin and the suppression of endogenous melatonin secretion by bright light exposure on the severity of RLS symptoms. Eight RLS subjects were studied in three conditions: at baseline, after administration of melatonin and during bright light exposure. The severity of RLS symptoms was assessed by the Suggested Immobilization Test (SIT), which allows quantification of both sensory and motor manifestations (SIT-PLM – periodic leg movements) of RLS. Analyses showed a significant increase of SIT-PLM index when subjects received exogenous melatonin compared to both baseline and bright light conditions, but bright light exposure had no effect on leg movements compared to the baseline condition. Analyses also revealed a small but significant decrease in sensory symptoms with bright light exposure compared to baseline. Although that exogenous melatonin may have a detrimental effect on motor symptoms, the augmentation of endogenous secretion during the evening is insufficient to explain the variations of the severity of the RLS symptoms.