Chinese children are viewed not only as the raison d'etre of their parents, but also as contributors to their future well-being. The demands and expectations that shape the nurturing and education of young Chinese children have developed on the basis of these beliefs. In Richmond B.C., a community that has experienced a recent and rapid influx of Chinese immigrants, there has emerged an issue regarding the nature of preschool education. On the one hand, immigrant Chinese parents prefer a highly structured educational environment wherein English-as-a-Second language [ESL] instruction is emphasized. This kind of pedagogical approach, it is believed, will foster their children's integration into mainstream society. Early childhood educators and caregivers, on the other hand, favour an exclusively play-based learning strategy, one devoid of formal training in grammar and phonetics. These practitioners reject the reductionist approach advocated by parents in favour of what they view as a more wholistic pedagogy. This issue is further exacerbated by cultural barriers: first, owing to Confucian prescriptions against challenging authority, there exists a general reluctance on the part of Chinese immigrants to confront school officials; second, communication between the two sides is rendered difficult, if not impossible, by the language barrier. The purpose of this study is to foster better understanding on the part of child care policy makers regarding the educational needs and problems facing Chinese immigrant families residing in Richmond, B.C. Literature relevant to early childhood development within a multicultural framework was reviewed in this study. In particular, the development of ESL education for ethno-cultural preschoolers, the philosophy of early childhood pedagogy, the result of quality child care and issues pertinent to research terminology and techniques were closely examined. The literature reviewed was drawn predominantly from Canadian and American sources. Their texts were served to illustrate differences in philosophical and practical perspectives regarding child care. Chinese sources were also examined in order to explain cultural and ideological differences in the field of child care. A profile of the interviewees was developed based on quantitative data collected during interviews with 75 Chinese immigrant parents. The issues and problems identified in this study emerged from qualitative interviews with Chinese parents and key informants, the latter consisting of, child care practitioners, community workers, and educators. This study found that problems experienced by Chinese parents regarding child care are similar to those of Canadian parents. For instance, the lack of affordable and available quality child care are common concerns. However, as discussed above, one significant difference identified is the Chinese parents' emphasis on a pedagogical approach to early childhood education as opposed to the playbased strategy advocated by preschool child care givers. One other finding is that although most Chinese immigrant children can converse in English, few can read or write basic English. While conversational ability is an integral part of learning a language, reading and writing are more important with regard to the effective and efficient adoption of a second language. This study concludes that preschool ESL training is a vital part of the solution for early and successful integration of Chinese children into Canadian society. How can planning address this problem? This study recommends that the Provincial Ministry of Women's Equality which is responsible for child care together with the Federal Ministries of Immigration, Human Resources and Health share information and develop programs that will provide immigrants with young children information related to the Canadian child care system. At the provincial level, the key is to develop a community-based child care delivery system. Child care policies and programs should be sufficiently flexible and sensitive to deal with immigrant child care requirements. The promotion of culturally sensitized, community-based child care facilities and programs should be developed by the Inter-Ministry Child Care Policy Coordination Committee working closely with relevant ministries and communities. At the Municipal level, it is crucial to establish and maintain up-to-date and accurate data bases to avoid ad hoc child care delivery systems and polices. Coordination and cooperation of the Richmond Planning, Community Services and Health Departments and local School District #38 would benefit not only immigrant children but all children in the community.

The use of Development Cost Levies is a relatively new mechanism by which municipalities may charge development a share of costly new infrastructure. Their use is an improvement upon the previous ad-hoc system of land use contracts. The equity of Development Cost Levies is widely disputed, but this thesis finds that their use is fair and justifiable when judged in the context of the unprecedented growth of the Lower Mainland. The paper finds that Development Cost Levies are generally passed back to the landowners, unless the market is inelastic, in which case they are passed forward to the purchaser. The thesis specifically examines Development Cost Levies for parkland acquisition in mixed-use neighbourhoods. Park acquisition levies in mixed-use neighbourhoods are currently charged only to residential development in B.C. municipalities. This thesis examines whether the usage of parks by employees warrants commercial development paying a share of the parkland acquisition levies in mixed use neighbourhoods. In order to determine if commercial development should pay a portion of the cost of park acquisition, a park survey was conducted in an existing mixed-use area to determine employee usage of parkspace. A literature search revealed no other park surveys which examined employee and resident usage of parkspace in mixed-use neighbourhoods. The survey found that employees generated 83% of the usage of parkspace in two mixed-use area neighbourhood parks. The findings of the survey indicate that commercial development should be paying a proportional share of development cost charges for parkland acquisition in mixed-use neighbourhoods. This information was then applied to a recently upzoned area of the City of Vancouver to illustrate a sample calculation of Development Cost Levies.

This Thesis Project began as an attempt to explore the basic principles of Cinema: Light, Time and Movement. As the project evolved I began to explore and develop various design ideas. These included: the exploration of voyeuristic qualities within Cinema and Architec tural ideas based on illusion and rhythm; cinema as a medium; and, geometric maipulations and how different geometries might co-exist in an attempt to foster an image of diversity while defocusing the stereotypical idea of school and institution. The final product consisted of a 36,000 sq. ft. Film Centre, that housed a Film School, Indoor and Outdoor Cinemas, the Vancouver Film Festival Offices, a multi-media Restaurant and an Independant Film Studio.

Master of Music in Violin

No description available.

Problem: With a few notable exceptions, the history of adult education in British Columbia has received relatively little attention. What information there is, is often confined to somewhat narrow time frames, locations, or topics. A general overview of the history of adult education in British Columbia during the 20th century seems to be lacking. This study is a modest attempt to begin adding voice to this important but largely overlooked area. Conceptual Approach: The approach taken is one of historical review. The study, while to some degree quantitative, is much more interested in the qualitative aspects of the material examined. Newspapers, which the author suggests provide a unique historical record, serve as the sole source of data. Methodology: The B.C. Legislative Library Newspaper Index from 1900 -1999 is the source of documents for this study. A thorough reading of all newspaper articles (550+), cited as being related to adult education, was undertaken. Articles were grouped by decade and recorded. Within the decades certain themes were identified and also recorded. Two specific themes (lifelong learning and distance education) received special attention and were examined and recorded separately. Findings: There are a number of reoccurring themes that arise during the period examined. Many of these themes have a direct correlation to issues facing adult education today. These issues include, but are not limited to: • lifelong learning • distance education and related educational technology • duplication of services • libraries and adult education • defining/purpose(s) adult education. Since these and other issues are part of the current discourse about adult education, it seems reasonable that lessons learned/not learned in the past not be forgotten. With the benefit of historical hindsight, which includes sources that are not confined to potentially narrow interests, adult educators may become better informed by considering these issues.

Many small communities in British Columbia are dramatically affected by economic transition. This project discusses how two communities, Tofino and Ucluelet, have responded to transition and how indicators can lead to a more sustainable future. While the communities share several similar biophysical and geographical traits, key differences exist in their historical and socioeconomic development. The communities, dependent on natural resources throughout their history, have developed different responses to the challenges created by transition. This project will discuss the transition experiences of Tofino and Ucluelet and detail how sustainable development tools (indicators) can help the communities move towards a more sustainable future. This project is guided by three key questions. First, the project considers the factors contributing to structural economic transition in Tofino and Ucluelet within the context of British Columbia as a whole. Secondly, the project examines how the communities of Tofino and Ucluelet have addressed the challenges of economic transition and how are they planning for sustainability. Finally, the project addresses how sustainability indicators can be used by the respective communities to move towards a more sustainable future. This project drew on information from the literature related to economic transition, sustainability indicators, and from interviews with the Planners in Tofino and Ucluelet. A process for how Tofino and Ucluelet could develop indicators is provided. Additionally, key environmental, socio-economic, and tourism indicators are provided that address some of the planning issues in the two communities. The project suggests that planners need to work with communities to facilitate the development of indicators that support principles of sustainability. Finally, it is suggested that a mechanism be developed to integrate indicators into formal planning practice.

I explored the importance of decaying wood to survival and growth of trees in south coastal British Columbia, and the effect of decaying wood on the intensity of podzolization on mesic sites. A field pot study was carried out in both high light and low light conditions using woody and non-woody forest floor materials. After two growing seasons, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Tsuga heterophylla, and Abies amabilis seedlings growing in clearcuts had greater survival and growth in the non-woody substrate; however, in the understory, the effect was much less. The proliferation of western hemlock roots was used as an indicator of the value of decaying wood to trees. In both greenhouse trials (using seed sown on a series of planting pots with each half filled with either a woody substrate or a non-woody substrate), and in field sampling of woody and non-woody substrates in mature stands, the non-woody substrate had a larger density of fine and very fine roots compared to the woody substrates or mineral soil. Ten litres of concentrated solutions of non-woody humus substrate and woody substrates were leached through soil columns. Both the non-woody and woody solutions had similar mean pH but significantly different chemical properties. The non-woody solution leachate had greater net average output of dissolved organic C, Fe, and Mn. The mineral soil treated with the nonwoody solution had significantly greater concentrations of total N and pyrophosphate-extractable Fe. In the field, forest floor and soil samples were compared between pedons having large accumulation of decaying wood and pedons with non-woody humus forms. Despite large and significant differences in chemical properties between the two substrates, there were generally no significant differences between the chemical properties of the soils directly under these substrates. In most cases, the results of (3-analyses showed that the means were not pedologically different. Additionally, 18 pairs of zero tension plate lysimeters were installed under the two substrates. The lysimeter solutions showed no significant differences. I concluded that coarse woody debris appears not to have either a positive effect of increased productivity of trees or a negative effect of increased intensity of podzolization.

This study applied Ethnographic Decision Tree Modeling (Gladwin, 1989) to the field of child abuse reporting to investigate the factors that influence decisions to report possible child abuse. Participants were licensed psychologists in the lower mainland of British Columbia. Using ethnographic interviews, participants were asked to discuss a recent case in which they reported possible child abuse and the factors that were influential in their decision making. Based on the data from 34 cases, six factors were identified: (1) Were there any signs of or risk factors for child abuse or neglect? (2) Did the signs or risk factors meet your threshold to report as you understand the law? (3) Was there some other value to report other than a legal one? (4) Were you concerned that reporting would cause harm? (5) Were you able to minimize the harm that would result from reporting? and (6) Did the reasons to report outweigh the reasons to not report? These six factors were presented in a decision tree to illustrate the relationship between factors and decision outcome. This preliminary group model was then tested using the case experiences of a separate yet similar group of registered psychologists in British Columbia. Results found that the preliminary model accurately predicted the reporting outcome of 93% (33 of 36) of the cases in the new sample. Errors in the model were identified, and suggestions were made to improve its predictive ability. The results are evaluated in light of the decision tree produced. Implications for theory building, naturalistic inquiry, clinical practice, policy, and future research are discussed.

Vancouver Island's old growth temperate rainforest has been the focal point in the conflict between environmentalists and forestry workers. While a substantial body of sociological literature exists on participants in the environmental movement (EM), there is a dearth of literature on participants in anti-environmentalist countermovements. Share Our Resources of Port Alberni (Share) is a countermovement organization that emerged to act as a voice for forestry workers and resource dependent communities and to counter the 'misinformation' being spread by environmentalists. The conflict over forestry and conservation is fuelled as environmentalists become the "other" against which Share members mobilize and construct their collective identity - an collective identity characterized by a core of pro-industry, pro-community and anti-environmental sentiments. This thesis addresses two research questions: First, what are the underlying differences between members of the two movements with respect to their socio-demographics, values, networks, and collective identities? Second, if certain factors are important in explaining identification with the EM, then what factors are important in explaining identification with Share. Using bivariate correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis, three sources of data are analyzed: self-administered questionnaires sent to both Share (N=129) and EM members (N=381); and a telephone survey of the general public of Port Alberni (N=100). My results show that Share respondents are predominantly older, working class men employed in the forest industry without a great deal of formal education. Share members more highly value anthropocentrism and are more politically conservative. Identification with the forest industry is the strongest and most significant predictor of identification with Share. The most theoretically interesting and surprising finding is that out-group ties or ties to environmentalists, is a positive and statistically significant predictor of identification with Share.