The objectives in these four experiments were to observe the effectiveness of sodium bisulfate and clinoptilolite and different methods of application of sodium bisulfate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate and Micro Aide® on atmospheric ammonia level in the broiler house and on broiler performance. The first experiment was conducted to determine the optimum effective level of the litter application of sodium bisulfate. Atmospheric ammonia at 4 weeks and litter moisture at 3 weeks treated-pens were significantly lower in sodium bisulfate (488 g/m²) than in the untreated control pens. However, broiler performance was not significantly affected with any treatment. Litter application of sodium bisulfate at 244 g/m² and 488 g/m² were comparable and better than the 122 g/m² and untreated control. In Experiments 2 and 3 comparisons of litter chemical treatments of liquid Micro Aid® (8.75 ml/L H₂O) applied at 0, 2, 4,and 6 weeks; granular Micro Aid® (0.5 mg/g of feed) fed continuously throughout the experiment, and litter application of ferrous sulfate (732 g/m²); clinoptilolite (2443 g/m²), sodium bisulfate (244 g/m²) and ferrous sulfate (732 g/m²) were made for 7 week periods. Ferrous sulfate-treated pens (732 g/m²) had significantly lower litter pH at 2, 4 and 6 weeks than untreated control and significantly lower atmospheric ammonia levels at 3 and 6 weeks than the clinoptilolite (2443 g/m²), sodium bisulfate (244 g/m²) and untreated control in the other experiment. In the fourth experiment, sodium bisulfate was applied twice (244 g/m²/application) at 0 and 4 weeks, sodium bisulfate applied once (488 g/m²) and ferrous sulfate applied once (732 g/m²) prior to the experiment. At 4 weeks mean body weights and feed conversion were significantly better with one sodium bisulfate application than the untreated control. At 7 weeks feed conversion (P<0.08) and male body weights (P<0.1) were slightly better in one sodium bisulfate application than in the untreated control while mortality was significantly lower in the untreated control pens. Most mortality occurred after 4 weeks and were due primarily to Sudden Death Syndrome. Atmospheric ammonia levels at 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4, weeks and litter pH levels at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks were significantly lower in pens with one application of sodium bisulfate than in pens untreated. Litter application of sodium bisulfate once (488 g/m²) seemed to be the best litter treatment in reducing atmospheric ammonia. / Graduation date: 1991

Most of the feed required for poultry production in the Republic of Yemen is imported from Europe. Sometimes, feed shipments arrive later due to lack of hard currencies to pay for the feed or to pay the freight charges. Yemeni broiler producers in such cases feed their birds a single feed ingredient or a mixture of ingredients until feed arrives. Five experiments were conducted to simulate feed shortage situations. As a single ingredient, barley is the grain of choice in case of feed shortages. When broilers were switched to corn-soy after the single ingredient diets, the compensatory growth was correlated with the severity of reduced growth. Feeding diets with a mixture of faba beans + sorghum grain with or without 7% herring meal for 21 and 49 days, respectively, reduced significantly (P<.05) mean body weight, total feed consumed, feed efficiency and apparent protein efficiency ratio. Feeding wheat bran at 10-15% with adjustment for protein and energy from day-old to 49 days of age resulted in significantly (P<.05) improved mean body weights compared to the control broilers. Increasing wheat bran levels further gradually reduced body weight and feed consumption. Abdominal fat increased significantly (P<.05) when wheat bran inclusion exceeded 20 percent. Cellulase supplementation did not show any significant interaction with wheat bran in all the measured parameters. Supplementing protease to wheat bran diets significantly (P<.05) reduced mean body weight, feed consumption and the feed conversion in broilers. These dramatic effects were proportionally ameliorated by increasing the levels of wheat bran. / Graduation date: 1991

Thesis (M.S.)--Auburn University, 2008. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2001. / Includes tables. Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 23, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science. Degree awarded 2001; thesis submitted 2000. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 101 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1929 S21

The objective of this work was to define the effects of dietary energy intake on broiler fat deposition and metabolism. Fatty broilers are one of the major problems in the broiler industry. The effects of changing calorie to protein (Cal/Pr) ratios, and the addition of cellulose or dried distiller's byproduct (DDBP) in the diet, on abdominal fat deposition, liver lipogenesis and glucose oxidation and broiler performance indicated that the mean body weight of broilers fed narrower Cal/Pr ratio diets (124 and 143 for starter and grower, respectively) were lower (P<.01) than broilers fed diets with mid-Cal/Pr ratios (138 and 160) and wide Cal/Pr ratios (147 and 171). Feed conversion was better (P<.01) for broilers fed the diet with wide Cal/Pr ratio than the broilers fed the diet with narrow Cal/Pr ratio. Abdominal fat deposition increased (P<.001) with wide Cal/Pr ratio than narrow Cal/Pr ratio. No significant differences were found in in vitro liver lipogenesis and glucose oxidation when Cal/Pr ratio was widened. Mean body weight, feed conversion and abdominal fat levels of broilers fed 5% cellulose or 10% DDBP diets were not different when compared to broilers fed diets with the same Cal/Pr ratio without these two feed ingredients. The time-course of the deposition of abdominal fat fitted a negative exponential growth curve. The data also indicated that the highest potential for abdominal fat deposition was during the first two weeks of age. When the feed intakes of broilers were restricted for a 6 day period beginning at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of age, the feed efficiencies of all the restricted broilers were significantly improved compared with broilers fed ad libitum. No significant differences were observed in mean body weight between the different treatments. The percentage of abdominal fat in broilers restricted-fed starting either at 1 or 2 weeks old for a 6-day period were lower (P<.05) than broilers fed ad libitum. Feed restriction from days 7 to 12 reduced the adipocyte size but not the number. Feed restriction decreased (P<.05) lipogenesis at 2 and 8 weeks of age. No significant effects were found in lipolysis between the restricted and ad libitum-fed broilers. These studies demonstrate that early feed restriction (days 7 to 12) reduced abdominal fat deposition which is attributed to the reduction in the adipocyte size. Smaller size adipocyte resulted from decreased activity of lipogenesis. / Graduation date: 1991

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 39 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 32-37).

Thesis (M. Sc. (Agricultural Economics))--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

The objective of this research was to determine the effect of a rice/soy fermentate when included in broiler diets and spray applied as a litter amendment on broiler performance, litter characterization, and ammonia and odorant volatilization. A series of three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the fermentate to reduce ammonia and odor compound volatilization when spray-applied to on recycled broiler litter. In experiment 1, spray-applying the two fermentate products did not affect ammonia volatilization; however the methodology was verified, as reductions were observed in the positive control. In experiment 2, spray application of the rice/soy fermentate did not have any impact on litter characteristics or average broiler body weight. However spray application of the rice/soy fermentate significantly reduced (P<0.05) observed mortality at the conclusion of the experiment. In experiment 3, spray application of the two fermentate products on fresh pine shavings following two activation times did reduce ammonia volatilization; although significant (p < 0.05) differences were observed in carbon and nitrogen content on day 43 and nitrogen content on day 35. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of two fermented rice/soy products on volatilization of fecal odor compound volatilization and performance parameters when included in broiler diets. In experiment 1, the addition of fermentate B at 900 g/ton increased (p < 0.05) d 21 body weight. The inclusion of both fermentates (A and B) resulted in significant decreases (p < 0.05) in multiple volatile organic compounds, strongly associated with odor related to poultry. In experiment 2, the addition of fermentate B at 900 g/ton resulted in a significant increase (p < 0.05) in d 14 body weight. Inclusion of both rice/soy fermentates (A and B) significantly increased (p < 0.05) carcass weights. Additionally, significant reductions (p < 0.05) were observed in day 21 and 42 fecal pH with both fermentates (A and B). Taken in totality, these data demonstrate the ability of a rice/soy fermentate to alter litter nutrient content and intestinal environment resulting in increased nitrogen sequestering, reduced digest pH, reduce odorant volatilization, increased early bird weight, and reduce early mortality.