No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (Bsc. (Animal production)) --University of Limpopo, 2009. / Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of Hoodia gordonii meal supplementation at finisher stage on productivity and carcass characteristics of Ross 308 broiler chickens. Experiment 1 examined the effect of levels of Hoodia gordonii meal supplementation of grower diet fed to Ross 308 broiler chickens at the finisher stage (30 – 42 days of age) on productivity and carcass characteristics in a 12 day experimental period. The experiment was a completely randomized design with a 2 (two sexes of chickens) x 6 (levels of Hoodia gordonii meal [0, 100, 200, 300, 400 or 500 mg]) factorial arrangement of treatments in which three hundred and sixty broiler chickens at finisher stage were randomly allocated to twelve treatments with three replicates of ten birds each. Level of Hoodia gordonii meal supplementation had no effect (P>0.05) on diet intake, intake as percentage of live weight, growth rate, feed conversion ratio, live weight at 42 days of age and mortality of broiler chickens at finisher stage. All carcass characteristics were not affected (P>0.05) by the treatments except fat pads. Chickens given a daily dose of 300 mg of Hoodia gordonii meal had lower (P<0.05) fat pad weights than unsupplemented ones. Male broiler chickens had higher (P<0.05) feed intake and heavier drum sticks than female broiler chickens. Experiment 2 examined the effect of Hoodia gordonii meal dose interval at finisher stage in a 2 (two sexes of chickens) x 3 (dosage intervals) factorial, complete randomized design that involved three hundred and sixty chickens that were randomly allocated to six treatments with six replicates of ten birds each. Broiler chickens were fed either a grower diet without Hoodia gordonii meal; grower diet with 300 mg of Hoodia gordonii meal/ bird supplemented everyday for 12 days; or grower diet with 300 mg of Hoodia gordonii meal/ bird supplemented twice, on 30th and 36th days of age. Hoodia gordonii meal dose interval had no effect (P>0.05) on dry matter feed intake, intake as percentage of live weight, growth rate, live weight at 42 days of age, feed conversion ratio, mortality and all carcass characteristics except fat pad of broiler chickens. Daily dosing with 300 mg of Hoodia gordonii meal/ bird reduced (P<0.05) fat pad weights of broiler chickens by 18 percentage points. Male broiler chickens had higher (P<0.05) feed intake, nitrogen digestibility, nitrogen retention and live weight than female broiler chickens. It is concluded that chickens given a daily supplement of 300 mg of Hoodia gordonii meal had lower fat pad weights than unsupplemented ones. This could not be explained in terms of differences in feed intake, digestibility, or growth rate.

No description available.

The influence of microbial phytase on growth performance, availability of macro and trace minerals, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent "fecal" digestibility (AFD) of amino acids (AA) and CP were investigated. The optimum level of dietary Ca and P for the maximum efficacy of supplemental phytase in broiler chickens was also studied. Phytase supplementation (600 U/kg) to a low P diet increased $(P 0.05)$ on feed efficiency in broiler chickens at 21 d. The efficacy of phytase, particularly in stimulating growth, was higher in male than female chickens. The relative retention of Ca, P, Cu, Zn and N increased by addition of phytase to a low P diet but phytase had no effect $(P >0.05)$ on the retention of Mg, Mn and Fe. Phytase supplementation increased $(P 0.05)$ on plasma Zn, Cu, and Mg. Phytase increased $(P 0.05)$ on mineral proportions in the tibia ash; however, it increased $(P 0.05)$ on AID of any of the AA in male chickens. Addition of phytase did not have any effect $(P > 0.05)$ on AFD of any of the AA in male chickens but increased $(P 0.05)$ on either AID or AFD of CP and AA at 21-d. In summary, phytase supplementation increased the growth performance, availability of P, Ca, Cu, Zn and N, plasma P, and tibia ash and reduced plasma Ca; it also increased the AID and AFD of most of the AA, particularly in female chickens at 28-d. The efficacy of microbial phytase was high when dietary P and Ca levels were low.

Thesis (M.S.)--Auburn University, 2007. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on April 22, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.