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Most of machine industry in Taiwan use ¡§Build to order¡¨ which start the production process until receiving orders. The key of ¡§Build to order¡¨ can be successful or not is quickly response to demand changes. If the production system can¡¦t keep up with changes in customer demand, it won¡¦t be able to process successive demands. Then the backlog will be more and more. So in ¡§Build to order¡¨, whether production system can adjust for changes in customer demand quickly or not is an important issue of ¡§Build to order¡¨. Kanban System is a mode of production which Toyota JIT system develops. It uses kanbans to control capacity of each workstation strictly. In order to achieve pull system, it uses kanbans to authorize production. Traditional push system must change production plans frequently, and maintain a certain stock between production processes. Pull system uses demands of back-end process to pull the production of front-end process. To achieve the so-called ¡§Just-in-Time¡¨ concept, the system must output the right number of products at the right time. This study uses system dynamics. According to relevant literatures and models, this study constructs Kanban system with industrial properties. According to demand changes and number of kanbans, this study simulates and analyzes the effectiveness after implementing the Kanban system. Then this study makes some management recommendations. Conclusions and findings:(1)Under the situation of normal demand changes, Kanban system can achieve quickly response and stability of production systems.(2) Under the situation of excessive changes in demand, implementing Kanban system will increase the backlog.(3)The number of kanbans represents production needs which are additional planned. The system should minimize the number of kanbans to avoid wastes.

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Build-to-order supply chains (BOSCs) have recently received increasing attention due to the shifting focus of manufacturing companies from mass production to mass customization. This shift has generated a growing need for efficient methods to design BOSCs. This research proposes an approach for BOSC design that simultaneously considers multiple performance measures at three stages of a BOSC – Tier I suppliers, the focal manufacturing company and Tier I customers (product delivery couriers). We present a heuristic solution approach that constructs the best BOSC configuration through the selection of suppliers, manufacturing resources at the focal company and delivery couriers. The resulting configuration is the one that yields the best global performance relative to five deterministic performance measures simultaneously, some of which are nonlinear. We compare the heuristic results to those from an exact method, and the results show that the proposed approach yields BOSC configurations with near-optimal performance. The absolute deviation in mean performance across all experiments is consistently less than 4%, with a variance less than 0.5%. We propose a second heuristic approach for the stochastic BOSC environment. Compared to the deterministic BOSC performance, experimental results show that optimizing BOSC performance according to stochastic local performance measures can yield a significantly different supply chain configuration. Local optimization means optimizing according to one performance measure independently of the other four. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we test the impact of local performance variability on the global performance of the BOSC. Experimental results show that, as variability of the local performance increases, the mean global performance decreases, while variation in the global performance increases at steeper levels.

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[pt] A Indústria Automotiva vem passando por grandes transformações que implicam em mudanças na Gestão de suas Cadeias de Suprimentos (Supply Chain Management - SCM). A acirrada competição existente no mercado globalizado vêm forçando as montadoras a buscarem novas vantagens competitivas. Diferentes modelos de produção de veículos vêm sendo introduzidos procurando alcançar nichos de mercado. Porém, o cliente ainda se vê obrigado a se satisfazer com a oferta de veículos disponíveis no mercado, que muitas vezes estão fora de suas reais necessidades e preferências. Além disso, os custos de imobilização de capital ao longo da Cadeia de Suprimentos continuam muito elevados. O autor desta dissertação procura então investigar os principais métodos e modelos de produção de veículos da Indústria Automotiva e esclarecer os conceitos de Customização em Massa e de Produção sob Encomenda (Build to Order – BTO), tendências que aparecem como alternativas para as montadoras de veículos aumentarem sua competitividade. O presente trabalho parte dos principais métodos de produção da Indústria Automotiva como a Produção Artesanal, a Produção em Massa e a Produção Enxuta destacando suas principais características, passa pelos modelos de produção procurando ressaltar as diferenças existentes entre eles, para, então, chegar aos conceitos, benefícios, desafios e outras particularidades das Tendências de Produção sob Encomenda e de Customização em Massa. A dissertação procura, finalmente, analisar os métodos e modelos de produção de veículos sob a ótica destas tendências. / [en] The Automotive Industry has been going through great transformations that are calling for modifications in its Supply Chain Management (SCM). The huge competition on the current globalized market have been compelling the vehicles manufacturers to search for new competitive advantages. Different vehicles production models have been introduced in order to reach market niches. However, the customer is still obligated to be satisfied with the available vehicles in the market, which often do not match with their real needs and preferences. Besides, the cost of capital immobilization along the supply chain continues very high. The author of this dissertation wishes to investigate the main vehicles production methods and models in the Automotive Industry and to present the Mass Customization and Build to Order concepts, trends that come as alternatives to vehicles manufacturers to increase it competition. This work starts with the main production methods in the Automotive industry, as Handcraft Production, Mass Production, and Lean Production highlighting its. Then it covers the production models showing the differences between them and presents the concepts, benefits, challengers, and others particular characteristics of the Build to Order and Mass Customization trends. Finally, the dissertation analyses the vehicles production methods and models under these trends perspective.

[pt] Racionalizar processos produtivos para conceber produtos que atendam plenamente às expectativas e anseios do consumidor, mas em paralelo buscar produzir veículos com custos aceitáveis e competitivos de forma a permitir a competitividade da sua organização têm sido um grande desafio da indústria automobilística ao longo de sua história. Nos últimos anos surgiram dois estudos que buscaram melhorar os resultados esperados, analisando a questão da produção sob encomenda na indústria automobilística: O 3DayCar e o Intelligent Logistics for Innovative Product Technologies (ILIPT). O 3DayCar enfocou em sua análise a indústria inglesa, enquanto que o ILIPT enfoca a indústria européia. O presente trabalho apresentará os processos de produção de veículos ao longo de sua história e levantará aspectos básicos do funcionamento da cadeia de suprimentos. Para cada um deles, analisará a proposta do 3DayCar e os resultados desse projeto e apresentará a proposta do ILIPT sua concepção, perspectivas e primeiros resultados preliminares. Finalmente será feita uma análise da exeqüibilidade de emprego de ambos projetos na indústria automobilística brasileira. / [en] Creating smart productive processes in a way of obtaining products that fulfill costumer`s expectations and desires, but at the same time researching for the production of competitive vehicles with acceptable costs, has been a huge challenge for the automobilistic industry along its history. Most recently, two academic studies have tried to improve the expected results by analyzing the issue compaigns related to the build to order concept in the automobilistic industry. They are the 3DayCar and the Intelligent Logistics for Innovative Product Technologies (ILIPT). The 3DayCar focused the English industry, while the ILIPT focused the European Industry. The present thesis brings to knowledge the vehicle production processes in history and raises the basic aspects of the supply chain function for each phase of them, as well as the understanding of the purpose of the 3DayCar and the purpose, conception, perspectives and first results of the ILIPT. Finally, an analysis of the viability of using both projects at Brazilian Automotive Industry is made.