Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / The professional team play a critical role during the design phase to ensure the implementation of a green building design, but in what way do they differ from a traditional design team? The research seeks to determine, whether the professional team members need to be specifically alert to green building principles and willing to learn and apply green building principles through an investigation of a commercial project case study. The research design embraces a qualitative approach through the gathering of data on the case study, where project information was examined and the professional team members interviewed. To reinforce the project specific information, professionals in the construction industry were canvassed for their opinions on the awareness of professional team members, and their willingness to learn and apply, green building principles on commercial projects seeking green star rating. The findings from the case study indicate that a non-traditional, integrated design approach stimulated the professional team‟s alertness and willingness to learn and apply green building principles to great success, as the project achieved a four star green rating. The survey found that professional‟s perceived green buildings to have a positive impact on the environment and if possible reverse the harmful effects that conventional buildings have on the environment. Furthermore, professional team‟s early involvement is highly imperative to achieve a green star accreditation. The green design process requires continuous input and sharing of information from all professional team members. The respondents who were surveyed indicated a positive attitude towards developing their awareness and willingness to learn and apply green building principles. Knowledge of green star rating requirements for commercial developments in South Africa as well as general green building principles, allow professional team members to gain a competitive edge over more traditional practitioners in the building sector. In addition, professional members who are aware and alert to green building are at a better position to successfully implement a green building design, consequently minimising the negative impact buildings have on the environment and ensure sustainability.

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

Tao Yuen Ting, Josephine. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2009-2010, design report." / "May 2010." / Includes bibliographical references (p. [86-87]). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1.0 --- synopsis : site background . the urbanization procedure? . compelling factors for an alternate urbanization . farming an opportunity . hypothesis --- p.6 / Chapter 2.0 --- research : farming in social potential . farming in energy potential . farming in water potential . farming practice . cases study . density study --- p.22 / Chapter 3.0 --- site design : site criteria . retaining the local farming entities . layout strategy . optimizing building with farming --- p.46 / Chapter 4.0 --- building design : massing component . compositiong strategy --- p.62 / Chapter 5.0 --- bibliography : --- p.86

Cheng Kai Tung Crispian. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2008-2009, design report."

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / The aim of this research study is to determine the cost gradient for Green Star SA-rated office buildings in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Very little work has been done on this subject, due to the fact that the „green‟ building movement is still in its infancy in South Africa. The Green Building Council of South Africa (GBCSA) has developed a Green Star SA building rating mechanism based on the Australian green star-rating system. This rating system provides the building environment with an objective tool to evaluate how green a building actually is. This report includes a review of international literature, supplemented by a case study of two designed „green‟ buildings. The key objective was to determine if there is a cost premium to a Green Star-rated office building in the Western Cape. The case study subjects were two office buildings planned for an office development at Paardevlei, Somerset West in the Western Cape province of South Africa. The findings of this case study have confirmed first indications that South Africa, and specifically the Western Cape, should be no different to the rest of the world and specifically the United States and Australia when it comes to the first costs of constructing „green‟ buildings. The case study showed that there should be no cost premium for a „green‟ building that conforms to the minimum standard of 4 Star Green Star SA Office Version 1 and that a one to three per cent premium could be expected for a 5 Star Green Star SA Office Version 1 rating. It was found that the best way to calculate if a premium was paid for a „green‟ building is to compare the cost per area of the final „green‟ product with the cost per area of the original budget. Adding costs while adding „green‟ attributes proved to be an effective and convenient way of arriving at a theoretical premium for a progressively „greener‟ building and thus calculating the cost gradient for Green Star SA-rated office buildings. The conclusion is that „green‟ attributes must be incorporated into the design at the earliest possible stage and then managed in order to keep within the original budget with a clear goal of which categories are to be targeted and what rating would like to be achieved, in order to achieve a „green‟ building at no additional cost.

by David Luke Cronin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-156). / Investigation into The Dynamics of Waste Air Dispersal from High-Rise Residences --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.ii / Abstract --- p.iii / Contents --- p.iv / List of Illustrations --- p.viii / Preface / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1. --- The Development of Building Technology in Response to the Forces of Wind and Water --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.1. --- Roman concrete --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.2. --- Requirement for a stronger mortar --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.3. --- Discovery of an improved mortar --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2. --- Development of Wind Engineering --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3. --- Computational Wind Engineering --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4. --- Development of Building Regulations concerning Ventilation and Light in Hong Kong --- p.14 / Chapter 1.4.1. --- First building regulations --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4.2. --- Chadwick's enquiry --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4.3. --- First requirement for windows in rooms --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.4. --- Public Health Ordinance --- p.19 / Chapter 1.4.5. --- Building Ordinance --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4.6. --- Plot ratio regulations and natural ventilation --- p.22 / Chapter 1.5. --- Plot Ratio and Site Coverage --- p.23 / Chapter 1.5.1. --- Gross Floor Area (GFA) --- p.24 / Chapter 1.5.2. --- Cruciform tower --- p.27 / Chapter 1.5.3. --- Re-entrant --- p.30 / Chapter 1.6. --- Summary --- p.35 / Chapter 2. --- VENTILATION OF RESIDENTIAL DWELLINGS AND THE REMOVAL OF AIRBORNE WASTES --- p.37 / Chapter 2.1. --- High-rise Buildings in Hong Kong and Ventilation --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2. --- "Climatic Conditions in Hong Kong, and the Requirement for Air-conditioning" --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3. --- Typical Practice in Hong Kong High-rises --- p.40 / Chapter 2.4. --- Source Ventilation --- p.42 / Chapter 2.5. --- Traditional Recommendations for a Tropical Climate --- p.42 / Chapter 2.6. --- Building Regulations Concerning Ventilation of Residences --- p.43 / Chapter 2.6.1. --- Hong Kong Government building regulations --- p.43 / Chapter 2.6.2. --- UK building regulations --- p.44 / Chapter 2.6.3. --- US building regulations --- p.46 / Chapter 2.7. --- Summary --- p.47 / Chapter 3. --- MODELLING OF WIND FLOW AROUND BUILDINGS --- p.48 / Chapter 3.1. --- Summary of CFD Methods for Air Flow around Buildings --- p.48 / Chapter 3.1.1. --- Validation of the k-ε model for wind pressures on buildings --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2. --- Atmospheric Boundary Layer --- p.50 / Chapter 3.3. --- Use of Wind Tunnels to Predict Wind Effects on Tall Buildings --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3.1. --- Local wind climate --- p.53 / Chapter 3.3.2. --- Pressure study --- p.53 / Chapter 3.3.3. --- Aeroelastic study --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3.4. --- Wind environment study --- p.54 / Chapter 3.4. --- Architectural Aerodynamics --- p.54 / Chapter 3.4.1. --- Reynolds number --- p.55 / Chapter 3.4.2. --- Pressure coefficient --- p.56 / Chapter 4. --- PREDICTION OF OUTDOOR POLLUTION AND AIR QUALITY --- p.57 / Chapter 4.1. --- Computer Modelling of Pollution Dispersion --- p.57 / Chapter 4.2. --- Exhaust Dispersion from Buildings - Distance Dilution Model --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2.1. --- Wall exhaust discharges in residential ventilation --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2.2. --- Acceptable levels of kitchen exhaust in the outside air --- p.62 / Chapter 4.2.3. --- Distance dilution model with corrections for building size --- p.62 / Chapter 4.3. --- Gaussian Plume Model --- p.63 / Chapter 4.4. --- Wind Tunnel Models of Pollution Dispersion in a Built-up Area --- p.65 / Chapter 5. --- INDOOR AIR QUALITY - COOKING FUMES --- p.67 / Chapter 5.1. --- Local Exhaust Ventilation and Efficiency of Pollutant Capture --- p.67 / Chapter 5.2. --- Indoor Pollution due to Cooking Stove Smoke --- p.68 / Chapter 5.3. --- Cooking Oil Detected in Hong Kong Air --- p.69 / Chapter 6. --- THEORETICAL BACKGROUND: RELEVANT ASPECTS OF CFD USED IN THIS STUDY --- p.71 / Chapter 6.1. --- Mathematical Model --- p.71 / Chapter 6.2. --- Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes Equations --- p.71 / Chapter 6.3. --- SIMPLE method --- p.74 / Chapter 6.4. --- Wall Shear Stress Calculations --- p.75 / Chapter 6.5. --- Wall Boundary Conditions for k and ε --- p.77 / Chapter 6.6. --- Species Calculations --- p.77 / Chapter 6.7. --- Thermal Transfer --- p.78 / Chapter 6.8. --- Grid System and Boundary Conditions --- p.81 / Chapter 6.8.1. --- Geometry and grid --- p.81 / Chapter 6.8.2. --- Boundary conditions --- p.85 / Chapter 6.9. --- Natural Convection Flows --- p.85 / Chapter 7. --- MODELLING PROCEDURE --- p.87 / Chapter 7.1. --- Dispersal of Exhaust Air from Kitchens --- p.87 / Chapter 7.1.1. --- Kitchen range hood exhaust rates --- p.87 / Chapter 7.1.2. --- Exhaust air release rates modelled --- p.88 / Chapter 7.1.3. --- Initial approximation of dilution in the re-entrant --- p.89 / Chapter 7.2. --- Modelling of Waste Heat Dispersal from Air-conditioning Units --- p.90 / Chapter 7.2.1. --- Typical air-conditioner energy figures --- p.90 / Chapter 7.2.2. --- Representation of condenser heat in a CFD model --- p.92 / Chapter 7.2.3. --- Approximation of temperature increase --- p.94 / Chapter 7.3. --- Representation of the High-rise Tower --- p.94 / Chapter 7.4. --- Power-law Profile: Increasing Wind Speed with Height --- p.95 / Chapter 7.5. --- Wind Tunnel Verification --- p.97 / Chapter 7.5.1. --- Wind velocities and pressures --- p.97 / Chapter 7.5.2. --- Wind tunnel prediction of contaminant dilution --- p.98 / Chapter 7.6. --- Summary of Simulations --- p.99 / Chapter 7.6.1. --- Kitchen exhaust air dispersal --- p.100 / Chapter 7.6.2. --- Air-conditioner waste heat dispersal --- p.100 / Chapter 8. --- DISCUSSION OF RESULTS --- p.102 / Chapter 8.1. --- Wind Patterns in the Re-entrant --- p.103 / Chapter 8.1.1. --- Wind into re-entrant --- p.104 / Chapter 8.1.2. --- Wind at 90° to the re-entrant --- p.104 / Chapter 8.1.3. --- Re-entrant on the leeward side of the building --- p.105 / Chapter 8.2. --- Exhaust Air Concentration --- p.112 / Chapter 8.2.1. --- Wind into re-entrant --- p.113 / Chapter 8.2.2. --- Wind at 90° to the re-entrant --- p.113 / Chapter 8.2.3. --- Re-entrant on the leeward side --- p.114 / Chapter 8.3. --- Temperature Increase in the Re-entrant --- p.121 / Chapter 8.3.1. --- Wind into the re-entrant --- p.122 / Chapter 8.3.2. --- Wind at 90° to the re-entrant --- p.123 / Chapter 8.3.3. --- Re-entrant on leeward side --- p.123 / Chapter 8.4. --- Summary of Findings --- p.130 / Chapter 9. --- NATURAL CONVECTION MODELLING --- p.132 / Chapter 10. --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.136 / Chapter 10.1. --- Waste Air --- p.136 / Chapter 10.2. --- Waste Heat --- p.138 / Chapter 10.3. --- Implications --- p.139 / Chapter 10.4. --- Suggestions --- p.140 / APPENDIX A: SIMULATION CASE DEFINITIONS / Chapter A.1 --- Definitions used for all simulations --- p.142 / Chapter A.1.1 --- Boundary Conditions used in all simulations --- p.145 / Chapter A. 1.2 --- Equations used in all simulations --- p.145 / Chapter A.2 --- Simulation of Wind Flow around the Building --- p.145 / Chapter A.3 --- Air-conditioner Waste Heat Dispersal Simulations --- p.146 / Chapter A.1.1 --- Additional boundary conditions used to represent air-conditioners --- p.146 / Chapter A. 1.2 --- Additional equations used --- p.146 / Chapter A.4 --- Exhaust Air Dispersal from Kitchens --- p.147 / Chapter A.1.1 --- Additional boundary conditions used to represent air-conditioners --- p.147 / Chapter A. 1.2 --- Additional equations used --- p.147 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.149 / Books --- p.148 / Papers --- p.149 / Other Sources --- p.152 / Notes --- p.153

The theory of sustainable development has received worldwide acceptance, and is characterised by the protection of environmental quality, social justice and economic development to ensure a quality of life for future generations. The concepts of sustainable development have transcended to all aspects of society, including the built environment through the Habitat Agenda and building sustainability rating tools. The thesis investigates the implications of sustainable development on how it relates to the building construction industry in South Africa. The study sought to evaluate the extent of consideration and motivation for the incorporation of sustainability criteria in building design, using the case of the South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity wet collection facility in Grahamstown. The goal of the thesis was achieved by evaluating sustainability considerations and barriers to adoption of sustainability criteria in the design of the SAlAB building, the rating of the building against the LEED ™ criteria, and evaluation of the applicability of the LEED ™ in the South African context. The importance of the research emanates from the fact that, despite the proliferation of sustainable development and sustainability rating tools in the world, there is no widely used building sustainability rating tool in South Africa, even though the country is industrialising with a very active built environment. The study therefore contributes to the body of knowledge necessary for the implementation of a building rating tool in the country, through an understanding of barriers to implementation. The research method used in the study was a case study with the intention of obtaining the design professional's considerations and challenges in the context of designing the SAIAB building. The case study used multiple data collection methods, with primary information obtained from interviews of professionals involved in the design of the building, whilst additional information was from analysis of technical drawings and review of literature on the subject. The findings of the research showed that there is an understanding of sustainability and consideration in the building industry even though there is no targeted intent to meet sustainability goals. The barriers to building sustainability were identified as lack of regulation, incentives, access to land, awareness, availability of professional codes and standards, economic costs and capacity. These barriers translated into a relatively low score, a silver rating for the SAlAB building when using the LEEDTM rating system. The implications of the findings suggests a need for the development of a comprehensive building sustainability rating tool suited for the South African context, with performance standards and a technical manual to support it. This should however be done in an environment where sustainability goals are supported by regulation and incentives have been developed.

A high perceniage of vacani space within downtown Vancouver is composed of inaccessible rooftops that, through green roof implementation, are capable of sustaining a network of accessible open space that supports urban food production. With an increasing local interest in urban agriculture, an organic rooftop food production technology is due to emerge on the marketplace. This study explores the development of urban agriculture within downtown Vancouver as a potential incentive for green roof implementation. Through an analysis of current research and a related case study, a design for an organic herb garden was developed for an existing green roof above a specialty-foods grocery store in downtown Vancouver. This model allows the green roof to support the growing and selling of organic food on-site, bringing the celebration of food production to the public realm, while strengthening the connection between the green roof, its' built form and the surrounding community. The design integrates a highly-productive organic herb garden with social areas for on-site residents and employees. Using developed indicators for sustainability, a final comparative analysis of the proposed design against the related case study and existing site was completed. This study informs new directions for the social function of the green roof, while recognizing how policy and regulations for future urban development can support the advancement of urban agriculture. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of / Graduate