Thesis. 1978. M.Arch.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: leaves 103-105. / M.Arch.

Thesis. 1978. M.Arch.A.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: leaves 109-110. / by Hazel W.S. Wong. / M.Arch.A.S.

Thesis. 1978. M.Arch--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Architecture. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: leaves 120-121. / M.Arch

Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-112). / Through massing , scale, craftsmanship, and their traditional role, church buildings are valuable to the city. They play an important role in the cognitive and formal ordering of the city. They are important to the temporal contect of the city. As the site of milestone events in many people's lives, or as symbols of these events in others' lives, church buildings are important for the collective memory. The grand scale of the church space combined with careful small scale detailing, make it a place with qualities that are rare in the daily life of most people. Because of their importance to the city opportunities and methods to reuse church buildings should be found if the buildings are abandoned by their congregations. Uses should be found that are sympathetic to the spirit and the form of the building. The forms in church architecture are powerful enough that they can survive extensive, yet sensitive, new construction to accommodate a new use and allow the place to read as a new building that was once a church. In order to allow the building to provide a temporal context to the present, when the building is given a new use it must also be given a new image. The elements of the image of a church must be analyzed to discover those which are the most powerful and how they may be changed to allow revealing juxtapositions that say, "this building was a church but is one no longer." In changing the image of the church building, care must be taken not to destroy those qualities which made attempting its reuse worthwhile. These issues are investigated in a series of case studies of reused churches. Several new issues in the redesign of church buildings were discovered through the case studies. The result is a set of observations and conclusions that are a synthesis of the real and the ideal. / by Laurie Putscher. / M.Arch.

Since 1997, Hong Kong as an international financial center has experienced several financial storms. Whenever it was in the storm, the Government found reliance on finance and real estate unreliable and sought the need to diversify its economic mode. However, as soon as the storm was over, the Government forgot the need and continues to focus on financial development. In 2009, in view of the international financial crisis, the Chief Executive (CE) identified 6 priority industries as the new growth drives to propel Hong Kong towards a knowledge-based economy. In parallel, the Policy Address 2009 endorsed the Government would take “appropriate policies to remove obstacles to their development” (para.21) and “examine whether the existing use of resources can support the new economic structure, and to prevent the factors of production from being tied up by outdated policies and economic structure.” (para.22) Subsequently, CE suggested that diversified development should be a strategic move to achieve sustainable economic growth. To utilize the land resources for the 6 industries? development, the Government launches 4 measures to release the potential of 1000 industrial buildings. Its intention is good. Yet, the result will be much better if there are cohesive policy and measures to synchronize the needs and the strengths of the industries. Among the 6 priority industries to utilize the industrial land, this dissertation targets primarily on cultural and creative industries (CCI) which may collaborate with other industries, such as education and tourism to develop cultural tourism and an education center with a view to forming a CCI park in a post-industrial area. This dissertation divides itself into three. The first part evaluates CCI, urban industrial heritage buildings and their combination; the second examines 4 local case studies, Cattle Depot, JCCAC, Fotan and LoftStage as well as 6 Shanghai ones. The third and final part devises a preliminary but innovative model of how to develop a post-industrial area into a sustainable CCI park with various potentials and resources concerted in Hong Kong. / published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

This dissertation explains the emergence of adaptive reuse from economic and real estate development perspectives, and defines the particular circumstance in property acquisition that is favourable to adaptive reuse. The recent booming real estate market in Hong Kong is a favourable economic environment for redevelopment through demolition, but there is still room for adaptive reuse whereby existing buildings can be conserved. According to the economic theory of transaction cost, difficulties in implementing redevelopment scheme with demolition can absorb some of the financial incentives offered by this development activity such that adaptive reuse, the alternative option, becomes feasible. The well-documented difficulties in property acquisition particularly in the final stage involving ownership consolidation and site amalgamation should be one of the main causes for such transaction costs that make the demolition-and-redevelopment proposal abandoned. Such relationship between the difficulties in acquisition of outstanding property ownership and feasibility of adaptive reuse is verified by an empirical study on the actual development activities within the period of post-SARS property boom in a selected urban area in Hong Kong. Despite that there exist such favourable factors causing developers to settle for the adaptive reuse scheme, its sustainability is questioned. Fortunately, there are coming opportunities that enable local purchasers and developers to recognize the value and trading potential of adaptive reuse properties, which is a positive sign for sustainable success of conservation by developers through adaptive reuse in Hong Kong. / published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

Images of Shikumen Housing have been regularly present as Shanghai’s “collective memory”, serving as testimony to the city’s rapid growth from a backward colonial enter pot into a booming metropolis in the past decades. After 100 years of usage, it is now threatened by modern lifestyle, both functionally and materially. Revitalization is needed to extend the lifespan of the houses within. With a burgeoning enthusiasm towards urban revitalization, various approaches of revitalization have been tried, among which Tianzi Fang(田子坊), located in Taikang Road, Luwan District, is unique for its coexistence of original residents and creative industry practitioners. Results from the case study suggest that Tianzi Fang approach is more welcomed by direct stakeholders as well as visiting tourists. It challenges the conventional mode of urban revitalization by a community-initial approach. This dissertation investigates the case of Tianzi Fang. First hand survey on the spot together with secondary information collected and analyzed to have a comprehensive understanding of the characteristic and process of the revitalization for sustainable development. A literature review commented that the efficiency of public participation was appreciated which contributes a lot to Tianzi Fang’s success. A management proposal is raised at the end of the dissertation as a conclusion of the study and a reference for further research. / published_or_final_version / Conservation / Master / Master of Science in Conservation

Cultural and creative industries are often considered as one of the latest knowledge-based economy that prevailed around the world. Globalization makes the concept of cultural and creativity spread all over the world. The rise of the creative class, which has permanently transformed our economy and society, has rapidly transformed the world (Florida, 2002). Florida has suggested the creative classes have become more pronounced in recent decades and people around the world start to live differently, pursuing a new stage of lifestyles (Florida, 2002). In Hong Kong, cultural and creative industry has only been considered in the Policy Address in 2009, which has become as one of the six new pillars industry in Hong Kong. The transformation of the economic and industrial structure in Hong Kong has injected new value-added elements in economic development. How could Hong Kong react to this change? Currently, the territory does not even have policies that promoted cultural and creative industry. Cultural and creative industries are not greatly promoted. Different artists joined together and formed different artists organization in order to protect their own value and promote the concept of cultural and arts among citizens. In this dissertation, the clustering of cultural and creative industry in Hong Kong will be discussed. Different concepts and theories about the shaping of a cultural city will be analysed. Locational factors that lead to the clustering of cultural and creative industry in Hong Kong will be examined. A local case study – Fo Tan – will be examined by all the theories and concepts regarding to this clustering effect of cultural and creative industry. Fo Tan is one of the most significant industrial areas with most cultural and creative industries in Hong Kong. Different locational factors will be examined and see if they could be fitted into the local context. Moreover, the institutional setting of cultural and creative industry and urban planning system will be analysed and see if there are any deficiencies. With all the above mentioned, this dissertation hopes to see if government policies could help the development of cultural and creative industries and if different sectors in cultural and creative industries could co-exist in Fo Tan. Looking into the future, we would like to see what the Government or other private sector could do in order to help consolidate the cluster of cultural and creative industry in Fo Tan. / published_or_final_version / Urban Planning and Design / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

Adaptive reuse of industrial buildings into creative spaces has recently sparked global (Mommaas, 2000, 2004; Daniels, Ho, and Hutton, 2012)and local interests (Leung, 2010; Kong, 2012). The clustering effects of creative spaces have also inspired extensive research on how creative spaces could contribute to urban development and in particular economic growth (Pratt, Andy C., 2004; Evans, 2009; Mommaas, 2009). This dissertation critically reviews existing literature and examines the hypothesis with a comparative study of the Fotanian Artist Village (Fotanian) and Jockey Club Creative Arts Centre (JCCAC), which represent two distinctive development trajectories namely organic and planned creative spaces in Hong Kong. It is argued that the development of creative spaces in industrial buildings is strongly correlated to the intention of the public sector to promote creative economies, as well as market assumptions in dealing with obsolescence in urban environment. Both are governed by the concept of neoliberalism, which advocates utilization of land resources based on exchange value rather than use value, and the use of creative spaces as urban development tools. Thus, developing creative spaces in obsolete places through adaptive reuse would restrain the organic growth of creative spaces, or result in its commodification and institutionalization. The hidden neoliberal agenda has also led to the misconception that creative spaces should be assessed for its efficiency and effectiveness as a cluster based on the agglomeration effect of industrial cluster in traditional sense. Fotanian and JCCAC are selected to test against their success performances based on the cluster theory. The two cases are compared to examine whether the planned is less successful than the organic as suggested by the literature. Findings suggest that neither one of them entirely fulfills all the conditions of creative cluster identified in the literature for a successful creative space. Indeed the clustering effect is an inconclusive, if not misleading, criterion of successful creative spaces, given that the development of creative spaces in cities might bring a variety of benefits. Studies have shown that the adaptive reuse of obsolete places might pose potential threats to creative spaces. It is argued that the success of organic and planned creative spaces can only be possible in the long term when breeding and sustaining factors are introduced. / published_or_final_version / Urban Planning and Design / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

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