published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Nursing

Burns Bog (the Bog) is a 2800 ha protected peatland in Delta, British Columbia. Globally unique due to its form, size, chemistry, flora and fauna the Bog is distinct and managed as a wetland. In 2005, a large fire consumed 200 ha of peatland after which birch (Betula pendula) and pine (Pinus contorta) trees grew in great densities. Within the fire zone piezometers were installed to monitor water levels below the surface. A high water level promotes peat-forming processes and in 2009 water levels dropped significantly. In 2010, a 75m x 50m experimental plot within the fire zone was cleared of birch and pine trees to investigate the impacts of tree removal on bog hydrology and plant communities. Higher water levels and positive bog plant growth at the experimental site was observed in 2010 and 2011 when compared to the control site where trees remained intact.

From the introduction: So vast is the body of published work on Burns that one must justify yet another study of the poet. From 1786 to the present, his life and poetry have always had popular appeal. In his lifetime, he was an object of attention to all classes of society, from Ayrshire peasants to the habitue of Edinburgh drawing-roans, and detractors, idolaters, and disinterested parties have continued to scrutinize his achievements and failings. Popular attention has never wavered. In the nineteenth century especially, many and varied editions of Burns's poetry were published to satisfy this curiosity. Some were lavish, some cheap; some accurate, others, wildly imaginative. Nor has this demand noticeably slackened in the present century. Not a year passes without some book or pamphlet, albeit ephemeral, being published on Burns. To the scholarly mind, "popular", when applied to Burns studies, usually implies superficiality and this assumption all too often proves correct. It can hardly be said that the best minds of each age since Burns's death have considered him worthy of their critical attention in the way that Shakespeare, or Dante, or Milton have engaged scholars, editors, and publishers in succeeding generations. Byron, Coleridge, Hazlitt, Emerson, Carlyle, and Mac=armid have commented on Burns, and in the nineteenth century important and durable editorial work was undertaken. Nevertheless, it remains true that it was not until the twentieth century, and then only in bursts, that there developed a scholarly, academic interest to match the popular enthusiasm for Robert Burns.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2005. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2004. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 86 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 56-64).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-01-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:57:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sousa_al_me_botfm.pdf: 400232 bytes, checksum: 413adb726a7dddccb7a08b641c1afb97 (MD5) / O objetivo deste estudo foi compreender a experiência da equipe multiprofissional em uma unidade de queimados do interior paulista, visando ampliar o conhecimento sobre o tema apresentado, para subsidiar os profissionais que trabalham na referida unidade, melhorar a qualidade da assistência oferecida aos pacientes, bem como subsidiar e do ensino na área. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, prospectivo e transversal, de abordagem qualitativa. Foram realizadas 27 entrevistas não diretivas e áudio gravadas, junto à equipe multiprofissional da unidade de tratamento de queimaduras (UTQ) do Hospital Estadual de Bauru, tendo como pergunta norteadora: Como tem sido a sua experiência trabalhando em uma unidade de queimados? A abordagem metodológica foi a de organização dos dados, baseada na Análise de Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). Os dados obtidos geraram 21 ideias centrais no total, e destas, oito foram semelhantes para todos os entrevistados e 13 diferentes. Na análise dos discursos, pôde-se perceber a diversidade de sentimentos que afloram nos profissionais, desde a satisfação em trabalhar com esta clientela até sentimentos de pesar, incapacidade, fragilidade emocional, necessidade de suporte psicológico; bem como aspectos relacionados ao tratamento em si do queimado, como a importância do controle da dor. Compreendeu que a equipe de enfermagem é mais vulnerável à sobrecarga emocional gerada, quando comparada com as demais categorias profissionais. Outro aspecto a ser destacado é o controle da dor, principalmente na realização dos procedimentos inerentes ao tratamento. Diante disso, se destaca a importância de se oferecer aos membros da equipe multiprofissional o apoio necessário, para que o trabalho gere menos estresse e angústia e ressalta-se o uso correto do protocolo, que poderá contribuir para amenizar o sofrimento de ambos, equipe e pacientes, mas principalmente para estes últimos / The objective of this study was to understand the experience of the multidisciplinary team in a burns unit in the state of São Paulo, in order to increase the knowledge on the subject presented to support professionals working in the unit, improving the quality of care offered to patients as well as subsidize the education in the area. It is a descriptive, prospective cross-sectional, qualitative approach. 27 interviews were conducted with the non-directive taped together with the team of the multidisciplinary treatment unit burns (burn care unit), Bauru State Hospital, with the guiding question: How has been your experience working in a burn unit? The methodological approach was to organize the data based on analysis of the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD), 21 central ideas being generated in total and of these, eight were similar for all respondents and 13 different In a speech analysis it was possible to perceive the range of feelings that arose in professional satisfaction from working with these clients to feelings of grief, disability, emotional fragility, the need for psychological support, as well as aspects related to the treatment itself burned, the importance of pain control He realized that the nursing staff is more vulnerable to emotional overload generated when compared with the other professional categories. Another aspect to be highlighted is the control of pain, especially in procedures relating to treatment Therefore, we highlight the importance of providing members of the multidisciplinary team support needed to manage the job less stress and anxiety and it emphasizes the correct use of the protocol to help alleviate the suffering of both staff and patients but mainly for the latter

The effects of skin burn injury on the levels of oxidized and reduced glutthione, malondialdehyde, and on the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione reductase were determined in liver and lung of rabbit models, 24-h post-burn.

Background and need: Burn injuries are a major cause of hospital admission in low-income countries such as Zimbabwe and often lead to secondary complications such as disfigurements, contractures, and scar formations. The study aimed to establish “Guidelines for Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Impairments and Functional Limitations for Zimbabwe for Patients with Burns” based on the best evidence available. There were three good candidates for use as the source guideline, but ultimately, the Agency for Clinical Innovation (ACI) of New South Wales in Australia guidelines1 was chosen. The contextualisation of these guidelines for the Zimbabwean situation was informed by the outcomes of five sub-studies. A summary of the methodologies applied and the key results follow. Methods and Results: The Epidemiology of Burns in Zimbabwe: The characteristics of patients with burns in Zimbabwe was established through a retrospective record review (descriptive review) to characterise patients admitted with burns to the two central hospitals in Harare over fifteen months. The sample consisted of 926 admission records and 435 full patient folders were retrieved and analysed. Unfortunately, 425 full folders of children were missing and 85 folders of adults. There was a clear difference in presentation between children and adults, with children constituting over threequarters of all admissions, but with less severe injuries. Post-discharge follow-up: Access to rehabilitation and impact on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL): The second study investigated the utilisation of post-discharge care, regarding referral after discharge and home programme. This was a study with a small sample, 14 adult and 23 child respondents. Despite referrals having been made to local rehabilitation departments, there was practically no further post-discharge contact with rehabilitation and only a single person received post-discharge rehabilitation. Both Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) instruments used by the adult respondents indicated less impact on physical domains of functioning with the greatest impact in pain and emotional well-being. In the absence of trained counsellors, rehabilitation therapists might need to step into this role. Systematic review: The broad objective of this review was to systematically evaluate the effectiveness, safety and applicability to low-income countries of therapeutic exercises utilised by physiotherapists to improve function in patients with burns. The review, which included 19 papers, established that exercises (either resistance or aerobic), are effective and generally have a positive effect on muscle strength and aerobic capacity. However, there was a risk of bias in many of the papers and the evidence is not of high quality. As most of the research enrolled paediatric patients older than seven years and no adverse effects were reported, it can be concluded that resistance exercise is safe for this group of patients. However, as most children admitted with burns are younger than seven years, exercise needs to be carefully monitored in this group as safety and efficacy have not been proven for younger children. iii The results from this support the use of aerobic and resistance as an important component of a burn rehabilitation program as they have shown to improve muscle strength aerobic capacity and functional status even after hospital discharge, especially in patients with severe burns. Documentation of the current rehabilitation practice: This phase documented clinical interventions used to treat musculoskeletal problems by observation of seven rehabilitation workers (not only physiotherapists), based in the five central hospitals, one provincial and one district hospital. The treatments of five adults and five paediatric patients were observed at each hospital, a total of 70 treatments in all. The most significant finding was that the management of patients with burns was offered by a single rehabilitation worker a Physiotherapists (PT), Occupational Therapists (OT) or Rehabilitation Technician (RT), working in Burns' Units without any specialised training or additional courses. The management of burns across all hospitals was similar, and information saturation was reached with the planned number of observations. Passive and active movements were used almost universally, and the patients received a ward programme, which included positioning. Sitting and standing were included in some patients and patients were monitored for any adverse effects. A major weakness observed was the lack of baseline assessment or treatment progress during treatment. No compression bandages were applied and no scar tissue massage was done. Identification and adaptation of the suitable guidelines: Following a literature search and examination of different guidelines by two independent reviewers, the Agency for Clinical Innovation of New South Wales, Australia1 was chosen as a candidate for amendment. The guidelines were amended based on the results of the previous studies and subjected to a Delphi process with four to six Zimbabwean rehabilitation therapists who were experienced in the field of burn management. A credible set of guidelines for Zimbabwe for the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal impairments and functional limitations was thus produced. Conclusion: The current study adds to the body of knowledge through the development of guidelines for the physiotherapy rehabilitation of musculoskeletal impairments and functional limitations for patients with burns in low- and middle-income countries. The thesis has provided an evidence-based framework for patients, rehabilitation workers and policymakers to inform the provision of effective management of patients with burns. The Zimbabwe Guidelines should be regarded as a first attempt rather than the final version and hopefully will be subjected to further review as they are tried out in practice.

This study began in 1990 in the Burn Unit of The Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital (RCWMCH) in Capetown. It came to our attention that children in the Burn Unit developed respiratory problems. These were complications of fireburns, smoke inhalation, explosions and even hot water scalds. They presented with a wide and confusing array of symptoms and many failed to improve with the symptomatic treatment given. Greater understanding of the pathology was needed in order to investigate and manage these problems correctly. The ultimate aim of this study was to establish a treatment protocol that could be followed by junior staff.

The United States has arbitrary weather criteria for a prescribed burn day to happen. This arbitrary criteria gives prescribed-burn managers a limited amount of days they can burn. To solve this, I established a 30-year climatology based on daily mixing height (m). I then calculated burn-day thresholds based on different mixing heights. I found seasonal and spatial patterns of the amount of days that are prescribed burns. Southeastern United States was my study area. A small decrease in threshold values will lead to large increases in prescribed burn days. Digital maps were created to show the spatial variability of prescribed burn days and the effects of lowering thresholds for prescribed burn days. This research will aid policy makers in lessening the criteria for burn days.