Notre recherche a pour but de mieux comprendre les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle et plus particulièrement ce qui peut les favoriser ou les défavoriser. Nous en avons retenu cinq pour notre recherche: les comportements de vertu civique, d’esprit d’équipe, conformistes, de courtoisie et d’altruisme Nous avons choisi d’étudier l’influence des valeurs au travail sur ces comportements et notre objectif est de vérifier l’influence de 28 valeurs au travail sur nos cinq comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle. Par ailleurs, nous avons choisi d’inclure à notre modèle de recherche la variable des générations. Nous cherchons à savoir si les valeurs au travail peuvent changer en fonction de l’appartenance d’un individu à l’une des 4 générations présentes sur le marché du travail (Vétérans, Baby Boomers, X et Y) et si le fait d’appartenir à une géné-ration plutôt qu’une autre aura un impact sur les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle. Les données ont été collectées au sein de la firme de sondage l’Observateur. Au total, 278 questionnaires sont utilisables dans le cadre de notre recherche. Des analyses de régression hiérarchiques ont permis de vérifier la capacité explicative des valeurs sur les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle. Des tests post hoc de Scheffé ont permis de vérifier l’existence de différences de valeurs entre les générations et des analyses de variance nous ont permis de vérifier l’influence des générations sur les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle. Les résultats indiquent que des liens significatifs existent entre les valeurs et les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle permettant ainsi de confirmer l’influence favorable ou défavorable de certaines valeurs parmi les 28 à l’étude sur nos cinq comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle. En ce qui a trait aux différences existan-tes entre nos générations à l’étude, les résultats nous révèlent qu’elles sont beaucoup moins importantes que ce que la littérature nous laisse penser. Finalement, nos résultats ne nous permettent pas de confirmer que certaines générations sont plus disposées que d’autres à adopter des comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle. Mots-clés : valeurs au travail, génération, comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle. / Our research aims to better understand organizational citizenship behaviors and in particular, which individual values can promote or disadvantage them. We selected five such behaviors for sour research: civic virtue, sportsmanship, conscientiousness, courtesy and altruism. We chose to study influence of 28 individually-hold work-related values on these five organizational citizenship behaviors. We also chose to include generations as an antecedent of work values. Respondents were sorted into four generation still active in the labor market (i.e., Veterans, Baby Boomers, X, Y. We also investigated whether belonging to a generation rather than another has an impact on organizational citizenship behaviors. Data were collected by a survey firm called Observateur. In total, 278 questionnaires were used in the context of our research. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to assess the explanatory power of values on organizational citizenship behaviors. Post hoc Scheffé tests verified the existence of differences in values between generations and an analysis of variance allowed us to check the influence of generations of organizational citizenship behaviors. The results suggest significant associations between values and organizational citizenship behaviors thus confirming the positive or negative influence of certain values on five organizational citizenship behaviors. With respect to the differences in values between generations, the results reveal that they are much smaller than the literature suggests. Finally, our results show that belonging to a generation rather than another has no significant impact on organizational citizenship behaviors. Keywords: work values, generation, organizational citizenship behaviors

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Hotel, Restaurant, Institution Management and Dietetics / Ki-Joon Back / Elizabeth B. Barrett / This study attempted to develop a multi-item scale that measures restaurant customers' emotional experiences and has desirable reliability and validity, and to examine the relationships among consumption emotions, customer satisfaction, switching barriers, and revisit intention in the full-service restaurant industry. In the process of developing a consumption emotion measurement scale, this study followed Churchill's (1979) paradigm during the early stage and confirmatory factor analytic approach suggested by Gerbing and Anderson (1988) and Anderson and Gerbing's (1988) in the later stage. The scale development process began with a specification of domain of construct, generation of 40 items, and data collection. The collected data were subjected to item refinement (i.e., outlier detection, descriptive and reliability analysis, and exploratory factor analysis). Four underlying dimensions of consumption emotions with 32 refined items were identified from the data. A new sample of data was collected for additional testing (i.e., reliability and validity). A confirmatory factor analysis using the new data indicated that the finalized measure using categorical dimension approach was unidimensional, reliable, and valid. The results of structural equation modeling supported the criterion validity indicating that the finalized measure behaves as expected in relation to additional construct. In study two, a theoretical framework for understanding the relationships among consumption emotions, customer satisfaction, switching barriers, and revisit intention was proposed and tested. A series of modeling comparisons provided a best fit model. A measurement model estimated on the basis of Anderson and Gerbing's (1988) approach tested validity of measures. The results of structural equation modeling using the data from a web-based survey addressed the effect of consumption emotions on satisfaction and revisit intention. The partial/full mediating impact of satisfaction was verified following Baron and Kenny’s (1986) suggested process. The switching barriers, two positive (i.e., preference and relational investment) and two negative (i.e., switching costs and lack of alternatives), that restaurant customers are likely to perceive were identified through the qualitative approach, using the guidelines suggested by Maxwell (2005). The quantitative approach validated the scale applicability. The moderating role of switching barriers in forming revisit intention was verified by testing for metric invariances. Grouping was done by using K-means cluster analysis. Measurement invariance tests supported full metric/partial metric invariances. Structural invariance tests and invariance tests for a hypothesized path provided the evidence of moderating effect of switching barriers. Finally, theoretical and managerial implications of the findings were discussed.

One of the emerging phenomena of global competition is the increasing participation of firms from emerging economies in various industries and across value chain activities. These MNCs from developing and emerging economies have recently shown an unprecedented increase in numbers (from only 19 firms in 1990 featured in the Fortune 500 list to 47 in 2005) (UNCTAD, 2006). While these Emerging Nation Multinational Companies (EMCs) are gaining a strong foothold in the global economy, some evidence also suggests that their foreign direct investments are being targeted towards advanced economies in both resource industries and higher-value adding activities. On the face of it, the disadvantages of being a late entrant seem overwhelming and based on the stages model of internationalization the EMCs may not be able to compete against global giants whose dominance is rooted in their first-mover status (Bartlett & Goshal, 2000). However, the success of EMCs like the Tata Motors, Lenovo, and the like raise an important research issue as to what are the strategies these EMCs pursue as they begin to compete in the global competitive landscape? In the past, scholars have conducted substantial research on internationalization, Multinational Companies (MNCs), and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) which explain the behavior of first-mover MNCs from developed countries based on technological superiority. Those theories were developed within a specific environmental context and do an adequate job to explain a fairly specific set of observed firm behaviors. Each, within its context, may be fairly adequate at explaining those behaviors. However, the emergence of EMCs in the global economic environment highlights that times have changed and the incumbent MNCs (studied earlier) constantly face threats from these emerging giants. As the context changes, so has the ability of the prior internationalization theories to explain behaviors observed in this global economy diminished considerably. Lately, a few researchers have started a new line of research to uncover some distinct characteristics of these EMCs. However, very little is known about the foreign expansion strategies of these EMCs and warrants a need to explore this phenomenon in-depth. In order to bridge this gap in the literature this dissertation uses an inductive approach by conducting multiple case-studies to understand the foreign expansion strategies of sixteen companies that originate from two key emerging nations: India and China. This exploratory approach supported by computerized content analysis of longitudinal text data allows us to observe the significance of specific constructs, begin to detect patterns and regularities in the behavior of EMCs and compare EMCs originating from various emerging nations. Methodologically, the dissertation illustrates the usefulness of semantic network analysis tools, especially centering resonance analysis, in identifying and interpreting the concepts that provide coherence to set of textual data. Further, using factor analysis we identify some key themes that explain the foreign expansion strategies of these EMCs. The results of this study suggest that EMCs' expansion is, on one hand, based on their ability to acquire resources and absorb them to build their own advantage (supply side dynamics). On the other hand, it is also based on EMCs' ability to find some market niches, i.e., entering into markets untapped by traditional MNCs (demand side dynamics). Finally, based on our analysis of these in-depth case-studies we identify some propositions as anchors for further theory building. Specifically, we identify three major anchors, namely, EMCs' ability to `Lick the Dirt'; `Cash Rich Positions of EMCs' and `Strategic Partnerships with Developed Country Firms' that enhance their `Competitive Advantage in Developed Nations'. / Business Administration

Logistics 4.0 suggests that increased automation can enhance performance, while Logistics 5.0 emphasizes the advantages of a modern workforce that combines humans and emerging technologies. However, the logistics industry needs a deeper understanding of human factors, an area that has been overlooked so far. To bridge this research gap, this dissertation investigated distracted driving behavior among individuals involved in transportation and logistics-based applications. This investigation employed both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Essay 1 focuses on a systematic literature review (SLR) that comprehensively analyzes published research on self-response studies regarding distracted driving behavior. The study identifies five overarching categories of distractions: (a) cell phone-related, (b) technology-related, (c) nontechnology-related, (d) psychological, and (e) personality. The findings underscore the substantial research conducted on self-reported distractions associated with cell phones and technology. Essay 2 employs the protection motivation theory (PMT) to develop hypotheses that predict the engagement of young drivers in texting while driving (TWD). In addition to TWD, the survey also included cognitive failure to examine the indirect effects of PMT on TWD within a mediation framework. The results, obtained through structural equation modeling with 674 respondents aged 18-25, indicate that several factors including response cost, threat vulnerability, cognitive failure, self-efficacy, and threat severity influence TWD behavior. Essay 3 investigates the influence of young drivers' respect for safety, neutralization techniques, and polychronicity on distracted driving behavior (DDB), based on the cognitive dissonance theory (CDT). The findings, drawn from 326 respondents aged 22-29 years, indicate that drivers who prioritize safety (respect for safety) are less likely to engage in DDB. Lastly, Essay 4 takes a survey-based approach to explore how factors such as respect for safety, polychronicity, and cognitive failure influence the likelihood of engagement in distractions among industrial operators, specifically forklift drivers, in warehouse and distribution centers (WDCs). The study's results indicate that cognitive failure has a negative impact on forklift drivers' distracted driving behavior, while polychronic tendencies help drivers avoid engaging in distracted behavior.

In this work, we focus on enhancing the efficacy of predictive modeling in operational management decision making in two different settings: Essay 1 focuses on demand forecasting for the companies and the second study utilizes longitudinal data to analyze the illicit drug seizure and overdose deaths in the United States. In Essay 1, we utilize an operational system (newsvendor model) to evaluate the forecast method outcome and provide guidelines for forecast method (the exponential smoothing model) performance assessment and judgmental adjustments. To assess the forecast outcome, we consider not only the common forecast error minimization approach but also the profit maximization at the end of the forecast horizon. Including profit in our assessment enables us to determine if error minimization always results in maximum profit. We also look at the different levels of profit margin to analyze their impact on the forecasting method performance. Our study also investigates how different demand patterns influence maximizing the forecasting method performance. Our study shows that the exponential smoothing model family has a better performance in high-profit products, and the rate of decrease in performance versus demand uncertainty is higher in a stationary demand environment.In the second essay, we focus on illicit drug overdose death rate. Illicit drug overdose deaths are the leading cause of injury death in the United States. In 2017, overdose death reached the highest ever recorded level (70,237), and statistics show that it is a growing problem. The age adjusted rate of drug overdose deaths in 2017 (21.7 per 100,000) is 9.6% higher than the rate in 2016 (19.8 per 100,000) (U. S. Drug Enforcement Administration, 2018, p. V). Also, Marijuana consumption among youth has increased since 2009. The magnitude of the illegal drug trade and its resulting problems have led the government to produce large and comprehensive datasets on a variety of phenomena relating to illicit drugs. In this study, we utilize these datasets to examine how marijuana usage among youth influence excessive drug usage. We measure excessive drug usage in terms of drug overdose death rate per state. Our study shows that illegal marijuana consumption increases excessive drug use. Also, we analyze the pattern of most frequently seized illicit drugs and compare it with drugs that are most frequently involved in a drug overdose death. We further our analysis to study seizure patterns across layers of heroin and cocaine supply chain across states. This analysis reveals that most active layers of the heroin supply chain in the American market are retailers and wholesalers, while multi-kilo traffickers are the most active players in the cocaine supply chain. In summary, the studies in this dissertation explore the use of analytical, descriptive, and predictive models to detect patterns to improve efficacy and initiate better operational management decision making.

Supply chain resilience refers to the capability of a supply chain to both withstand and adapt to unexpected disturbances. In today's turbulent business environment, firms are continually seeking to create more resilience within their supply chain through increased information communication technology use and enhanced business-to-business relationships. The focus of this dissertation is the investigation of how information communication technology creates resilience at the differing process levels of supply chain operations. Past research into information communication technology use within supply chains has often been conducted at the macro-level of supply chain phenomena. As such, there is still much to understand about how decision-makers interact with information communication technology at the micro-level of supply chain decision-making. A more in-depth, broad coverage of this interaction will provide both practitioners and academics a better understanding of how to leverage information communication technology in achieving supply chain resilience. To meet this aim, this dissertation contains three essays that re-orient conceptual thinking about supply chain phenomenon, explore how advances in information communication technology influence business-to-business relationships, and identify how information communication technology effects the decision-making of supply chain managers.

Online users struggle with different concerns whenever they use information systems. According to Miyazaki and Fernandez (2001), there are three important categories of concerns for online users: privacy concern, third party fraudulent behavior concern ("system security"), and online website fraudulent behavior concern ("security"). Kim, Sivasailam, and Rao (2004) proposed a similar categorization for web assurance dimensions. They argue that online websites are supposed to address users' privacy, security, and business integrity concerns to decrease user concerns. Although several researchers tried to answer how different factors affect these concerns and how these concerns affect users' behavior, there are so many ambiguities and contradictions in this area. This Essay I in this work develops a comprehensive map of the role of online privacy concern to identify related factors and categorize them through an in-depth literature review and conducting meta-analysis on online privacy concern. Although users have concerns about their privacy and security, there is still growth in the number of internet users and electronic commerce market share. One possible reason is that websites are applying assurance mechanisms to ensure the privacy of their users. Therefore, it could be an interesting research topic to investigate how privacy assurance mechanisms affect users concern and, consequently, their behavior in different concerns such as e-commerce and social networking sites. Different types of web assurance mechanisms are used by websites. The most prevalent among these assurance mechanisms include web assurance seals and assurance statements and privacy customization features. Essay II and III aims to address how these mechanisms influence e-commerce and social networking sites users' behavior. Essay II applies the procedural fairness theory by Lind and Tyler (1988) to explain how and why the web assurance mechanisms affect consumers' perceived risks. Essay III addresses the issue of self-disclosure on social networking sites. Applying protection motivation theory, this study aims to evaluate the effect of web assurance mechanisms on online privacy concern and self-disclosure behavior on the social networking sites.

Les coopératives évoluent dans une multitude de régions et de cultures. Plus qu’un élément secondaire, l’aspect culturel et identitaire du développement coopératif est au cœur de ses enjeux de développement et de sa définition-même. En effet, historiquement, l’implantation et le développement des coopératives ont été associés à des réalités identitaires importantes, comme l’illustrent les expériences coopératives acadiennes, basques, québécoises et inuites. Cette thèse étudie l’expérience des 14 coopératives du Nunavik et de leur fédération. Coopératives de consommateurs multiservices, dont les membres sont presque tous Inuit, elles sont l’initiative d’acteurs variés (État, religieux, gérant de magasins). Les premières coopératives ont été mises sur pied à partir de la fin des années 1950 et ont rapidement été gérées par les Inuit eux-mêmes. Venues briser le monopole qu’avait la Compagnie de la Baie-d’Hudson, l’établissement des coopératives au Nunavik correspond également à un changement fondamental dans l’économie et la politique du territoire et des communautés qui y vivent. Grâce à une soixantaine d’entretiens semi-dirigés et plusieurs séjours sur place, cette étude de cas suggestif permet de comprendre la contribution des coopératives membres de la Fédération des coopératives du Nouveau-Québec (FCNQ) à la reconnaissance identitaire des personnes et des collectivités touchées par leurs activités. En mobilisant la théorie de la reconnaissance et de la liberté sociale d’Axel Honneth (2000, 2014) et l’approche du triple mouvement coopératif (Draperi, 2007), l’analyse de l’expérience des coopératives du Nunavik révèle des attentes et des effets de reconnaissance associés à la reconnaissance affective, juridique et de la contribution à la société. Ces effets agissent sur différents types de capitaux, par le biais de moyens mis en place par les coopératives. Certaines conditions internes spécifiques aux coopératives influencent également la reconnaissance identitaire des Inuit. Cette thèse contribue à une meilleure compréhension des coopératives en matière de reconnaissance identitaire et culturelle. Elle rend compte de l’imbrication des besoins et aspirations des membres et offre des précisions de définitions quant à ces deux termes centraux aux théories coopératives. De l’expérience des coopératives du Nunavik, on peut dégager le constat que la prise en compte profonde et concomitante des trois mouvements coopératifs (mouvement de pensée, mouvement social et mouvement d’entreprise) produit une reconnaissance identitaire des personnes et des collectivités. Les coopératives constituent un moyen et un lieu de reconnaissance affective (par la réponse aux besoins de base et la mise en place d’un lieu de rencontre), de reconnaissance juridique (par le biais des principes démocratiques, de responsabilisation et des valeurs d’égalité et d’équité) et de reconnaissance des particularités et compétences (par la participation de chacun à la réalisation d’une mission commune et leurs activités d’éducation et de formation). Ultimement, elles permettent aux individus et aux collectivités d’exercer leur liberté sociale et d’assurer le respect de leur dignité. / Cooperatives operate in a multitude of regions and cultures. More than a secondary element, the cultural and identity aspect of cooperative development is at the heart of its development issues and its very definition. Indeed, historically, the establishment and development of cooperatives have been associated with important identity realities, as illustrated by the Acadian, Basque, Quebecois and Inuit cooperative experiences. This thesis studies the experience of the 14 Nunavik cooperatives and their federation. Multiservice consumer cooperatives, whose members are almost all Inuit, they are the initiative of various actors (state, religious, store managers). The first cooperatives were established in the late 1950s and were quickly managed by the Inuit themselves. Coming to break the monopoly of the Hudson's Bay Company, the establishment of cooperatives in Nunavik also corresponds to a fundamental change in the economy and politics of the territory and the communities that live there. Through some sixty semi-structured interviews and several on-site visits, this suggestive case study allows us to understand the contribution of the member cooperatives of the Fédération des coopératives du Nouveau-Québec (FCNQ) to the recognition of the persons’ and communities’ identities affected by their activities. By mobilizing Axel Honneth's theory of recognition and social freedom (2000. 2014) and the triple cooperative movement approach (Draperi, 2007), the analysis of the experience of Nunavik cooperatives reveals recognition expectations and effects associated with emotional recognition, legal recognition and the recognition of the contribution to society. These effects act on different types of capital, through means set up by cooperatives. Certain internal conditions specific to cooperatives also influence identity recognition of Inuit. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of cooperatives in terms of identity and cultural recognition. It accounts for the interweaving of the needs and aspirations of members and provides clarification of the definitions of these two central terms of cooperative theories. From the experience of the Nunavik cooperatives, we can see that the profound and concomitant consideration of the three cooperative movements (thought movement, social movement and business movement) produces recognition of the identity of individuals and communities. Cooperatives are a mean and a place of emotional recognition (by responding to basic needs and setting up a meeting place), of legal recognition (by means of democratic principles, mutual responsability and values of equality and equity) and of recognition of particularities and skills (through everyone’s participation in the achievement of a common mission and their education and training activities). Ultimately, they enable individuals and communities to exercise their social freedom and ensure respect of their dignity.

No description available.

No description available.