The topic of this diploma thesis is the concept and legal consequences of excessive self-defence and necessity. The aim of the thesis is to introduce and describe the conditions of using these defences and to focus on issues of case law in connection with them. Criminal law is an essential part of everyday life. This diploma thesis focuses on analysis of all conditions imposed by Czech legislation as well as Irish legislation. It is composed of seven chapters and each chapter deals with different issues. The first chapter is an introduction to the whole thesis: it sets out aims and the methods used for achieving them. The second chapter deals with the definition of the concept of justification with the basic features of these circumstances and highlights the basic foundations for behaviour under self-defence or necessity. The third chapter is fully devoted to regulation of necessity, focusing on its basic conditions. Each condition is explained and described separately with references to the case law. One part of this chapter deals with the excess in behaviour under necessity and the following solutions in criminal trial. The fourth chapter deals with the concept of self-defence in the Czech Republic, defining it and analysing its basic conditions. Examples from the case are discussed and analysed...

Previous studies suggest that religious individuals are more likely than non-religious individuals to perceive their pornography use as problematic. For our six-month longitudinal study, we recruited a sample of adults from Turkprime.com. We hypothesized that more religious individuals who use pornography at baseline would report higher self-perceived problematic pornography use at three months, which would be associated with higher depression at six months. We constructed and validated our own measure of self-perceived problematic pornography use, which included two factors: excessive pornography use and compulsive pornography use. We ran two separate structural equation models, one with excessive use at three months and the other with compulsive use at three months. Contrary to our hypothesis, religiosity was not related to self-perceived problematic pornography use in any of the models. Both models were moderated by biological sex. For men, religiosity at baseline was associated with increased pornography use at six months. For both men and women, excessive pornography use at three months was associated with increased depression at six months. For men, depression at baseline was associated with self-perceived problematic pornography use at three months. For women, higher self-perceived problematic pornography use at three months predicted lower frequency of pornography use and higher depression at six months. Women’s pornography use was more stable over time than men’s. Our findings are discussed in light of theories of depression, religious incongruence, and sexual scripts.

Submitted by Timbo Noeme (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2016-08-09T17:10:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoMMuniz2.pdf: 1320890 bytes, checksum: e1d55ac3650fd4a9ee03b53c73b61a12 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-09T17:10:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoMMuniz2.pdf: 1320890 bytes, checksum: e1d55ac3650fd4a9ee03b53c73b61a12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-15 / The internet is part of every people daily life and becomes increasingly accessible through different types of devices. Several studies have been conducted in order to assess the consequences of their excessive use in personal, academic and professional life. This paper aimed to identify if the concentration and social isolation are some of the reflections by the excessive use of instant messaging applications in the workplace. Some of the variables that assess aspects of excessive use of instant messaging are diminished impulse control, loneliness, social comfort, and digital distraction. Through a quantitative research approach, it was used scales applied to a sample of 283 people, the data was analyzed by multivariate techniques like Exploratory Factor Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression. The results of this study confirm that the excessive use of instant messaging is positive related to loss of concentration and the variable digital distraction exerts a greater influence than the diminished impulse control. However, according to the results, loneliness and social comfort cannot be said that there is a relationship in increasing social isolation due to lack of significance of the relationship. / A Internet está inserida no cotidiano do indivíduo, e torna-se cada vez mais acessível por meio de diferentes tipos de dispositivos. Com isto, diversos estudos foram realizados com o intuito de avaliar os reflexos do seu uso excessivo na vida pessoal, acadêmica e profissional. Esta dissertação buscou identificar se a perda de concentração e o isolamento social são alguns dos reflexos individuais que o uso pessoal e excessivo de aplicativos de comunicação instantânea podem resultar no ambiente de trabalho. Entre as variáveis selecionadas para avaliar os aspectos do uso excessivo de comunicadores instantâneos tem-se a distração digital, o controle reduzido de impulso, o conforto social e a solidão. Através de uma abordagem de investigação quantitativa, utilizaram-se escalas aplicadas a uma amostra de 283 pessoas. Os dados foram analisados por meio de técnicas estatísticas multivariadas como a Análise Fatorial Exploratória e para auferir a relação entre as variáveis, a Regressão Linear Múltipla. Os resultados deste estudo confirmam que o uso excessivo de comunicadores instantâneos está positivamente relacionado com a perda de concentração, e a variável distração digital exerce uma influência maior do que o controle reduzido de impulso. De acordo com os resultados, não se podem afirmar que a solidão e o conforto social exercem relações com aumento do isolamento social, devido à ausência do relacionamento entre os construtos.

In this work, we focus on enhancing the efficacy of predictive modeling in operational management decision making in two different settings: Essay 1 focuses on demand forecasting for the companies and the second study utilizes longitudinal data to analyze the illicit drug seizure and overdose deaths in the United States. In Essay 1, we utilize an operational system (newsvendor model) to evaluate the forecast method outcome and provide guidelines for forecast method (the exponential smoothing model) performance assessment and judgmental adjustments. To assess the forecast outcome, we consider not only the common forecast error minimization approach but also the profit maximization at the end of the forecast horizon. Including profit in our assessment enables us to determine if error minimization always results in maximum profit. We also look at the different levels of profit margin to analyze their impact on the forecasting method performance. Our study also investigates how different demand patterns influence maximizing the forecasting method performance. Our study shows that the exponential smoothing model family has a better performance in high-profit products, and the rate of decrease in performance versus demand uncertainty is higher in a stationary demand environment.In the second essay, we focus on illicit drug overdose death rate. Illicit drug overdose deaths are the leading cause of injury death in the United States. In 2017, overdose death reached the highest ever recorded level (70,237), and statistics show that it is a growing problem. The age adjusted rate of drug overdose deaths in 2017 (21.7 per 100,000) is 9.6% higher than the rate in 2016 (19.8 per 100,000) (U. S. Drug Enforcement Administration, 2018, p. V). Also, Marijuana consumption among youth has increased since 2009. The magnitude of the illegal drug trade and its resulting problems have led the government to produce large and comprehensive datasets on a variety of phenomena relating to illicit drugs. In this study, we utilize these datasets to examine how marijuana usage among youth influence excessive drug usage. We measure excessive drug usage in terms of drug overdose death rate per state. Our study shows that illegal marijuana consumption increases excessive drug use. Also, we analyze the pattern of most frequently seized illicit drugs and compare it with drugs that are most frequently involved in a drug overdose death. We further our analysis to study seizure patterns across layers of heroin and cocaine supply chain across states. This analysis reveals that most active layers of the heroin supply chain in the American market are retailers and wholesalers, while multi-kilo traffickers are the most active players in the cocaine supply chain. In summary, the studies in this dissertation explore the use of analytical, descriptive, and predictive models to detect patterns to improve efficacy and initiate better operational management decision making.