The empirical results indicate a strong positive link between three important elements: the duration as CEO, the market capitalization of the company and the non-executive ownership. Our findings also indicate an important but negative impact of two variables on the CEO compensation: the institutional and block holder shareholders. We also observed that there is no CEO pay-performance elasticity for the Total and base salary: the control variables do not have a significant impact on changes in CEO compensation.   These results are in line with the ones of Ozkan (2011, p. 260-285). Those elements would demonstrate the active monitoring of these investors on the top management and especially on their remuneration. Those are also consistent with the paper of Khan et al. (2002, p. 1078-1088), which demonstrates the negative impact on CEO compensation of institutional ownerships when they are concentrated.   Our study didn’t find a strong correlation between the other variables as the board size or sales for example and the level of remuneration of the CEO. That would mean that the number of member of the board doesn’t significantly impact the discussion about the CEO remuneration.

Os eletrocatalisadores PtRh/C, PtRu/C, PtSn/C, PtRuRh/C e PtSnRh/C (20% em massa de metais) foram preparados pelo método da redução por álcool usando H2PtCl6.6H2O (Aldrich), RhCl3.xH2O (Aldrich) e SnCl2.2H2O (Aldrich) como fonte de metais e o carbono Vulcan XC-72 como suporte. Os eletrocatalisadores foram caracterizados pelas técnicas de EDX, difração de raios X e voltametria cíclica. A eletro-oxidação do metanol e do etanol foram estudadas através das técnicas de voltametria cíclica, cronoamperometria e curvas de polarização obtidas em células a combustível unitárias alimentadas diretamente por metanol ou etanol. As análises por EDX mostraram que as razões atômicas dos diferentes eletrocatalisadores preparados pelo método da redução do álcool são bastante similares às composições nominais de partida. Em todos os difratogramas para os eletrocatalisadores preparados observa-se um pico largo em aproximadamente 2 = 25o o qual é associado ao suporte de carbono e quatro outros picos de difração em aproximadamente 2 = 40o, 47o, 67o e 82o os quais são associados aos planos (111), (200), (220) e (311), respectivamente, da estrutura cúbica de face centrada (CFC) de platina e ligas de platina. PtSn/C e PtSnRh/C além da estrutura cúbica de face centrada apresentaram também fases de óxidos de estanho em 2 = 34o. PtSn/C e PtSnRh/C apresentaram os melhores resultados para o etanol a temperatura ambiente, enquanto que para a eletro-oxidação do metanol os sistemas PtRu/C, PtSn/C e PtRuRh/C apresentaram os melhores resultados. Os testes em células a combustível para o etanol mostraram que o sistema PtSnRh/C foi mais ativo em relação ao sistema PtSn/C. No caso do metanol PtRuRh/C apresenta um desempenho ligeiramente superior ao sistema PtRu/C e PtSn/C. / In this work, Pt/C, PtRh (90:10), PtRh/C (50:50), PtSn/C (50:50), PtRu (50:50)/C, PtRuRh/C (50:40:10) and PtSnRh/C (50:40:10) were prepared by an alcohol-reduction process with metal loading of 20 wt.% using H2PtCl6.6H2O (Aldrich), SnCl2.2H2O (Aldrich),and RhCl2.XH2O (Aldrich) as metals sources and Vulcan XC72 as support. The electrocatalysts were characterized by EDX, XRD and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electro-oxidation of ethanol was studied by CV, chronoamperomety at room temperature in acid medium and tests at 100 0C on a single cell of a direct methanol or ethanol fuel cell. The EDX analysis showed that the metal atomic ratios of the obtained electrocatalysts were similar to the nominal atomic ratios used in the preparation. The diffractograms of electrocatalysts prepared showed four peaks at approximately 2 =400, 470, 670 and 820, which are associated with the (111), (200), (220) and (311) planes, respectively, of a face cubic-centered (fcc) structure characteristic of platinum and platinum alloys. The average crystallite sizes using the Scherrer equation and the calculated values were in the range of 23 nm. For PtSn/C and PtSnRh/C two additional peaks were observed at 2 = 340 and 520 that were identified as a SnO2 phase. PtSn/C (50:50) and PtSnRh/C (50:40:10) electrocatalyst showed the best performance for ethanol oxidation at room temperature. For methanol oxidation at room temperature PtRu/C, PtSn/C and PtRuRh/C electrocatalysts showed the best performance. Tests at 100 0C on a single cell of a direct ethanol fuel cell PtSnRh/C showed the best performance, for methanol oxidation PtRuRh/C showed the best performance.

Os eletrocatalisadores PtRh/C, PtRu/C, PtSn/C, PtRuRh/C e PtSnRh/C (20% em massa de metais) foram preparados pelo método da redução por álcool usando H2PtCl6.6H2O (Aldrich), RhCl3.xH2O (Aldrich) e SnCl2.2H2O (Aldrich) como fonte de metais e o carbono Vulcan XC-72 como suporte. Os eletrocatalisadores foram caracterizados pelas técnicas de EDX, difração de raios X e voltametria cíclica. A eletro-oxidação do metanol e do etanol foram estudadas através das técnicas de voltametria cíclica, cronoamperometria e curvas de polarização obtidas em células a combustível unitárias alimentadas diretamente por metanol ou etanol. As análises por EDX mostraram que as razões atômicas dos diferentes eletrocatalisadores preparados pelo método da redução do álcool são bastante similares às composições nominais de partida. Em todos os difratogramas para os eletrocatalisadores preparados observa-se um pico largo em aproximadamente 2 = 25o o qual é associado ao suporte de carbono e quatro outros picos de difração em aproximadamente 2 = 40o, 47o, 67o e 82o os quais são associados aos planos (111), (200), (220) e (311), respectivamente, da estrutura cúbica de face centrada (CFC) de platina e ligas de platina. PtSn/C e PtSnRh/C além da estrutura cúbica de face centrada apresentaram também fases de óxidos de estanho em 2 = 34o. PtSn/C e PtSnRh/C apresentaram os melhores resultados para o etanol a temperatura ambiente, enquanto que para a eletro-oxidação do metanol os sistemas PtRu/C, PtSn/C e PtRuRh/C apresentaram os melhores resultados. Os testes em células a combustível para o etanol mostraram que o sistema PtSnRh/C foi mais ativo em relação ao sistema PtSn/C. No caso do metanol PtRuRh/C apresenta um desempenho ligeiramente superior ao sistema PtRu/C e PtSn/C. / In this work, Pt/C, PtRh (90:10), PtRh/C (50:50), PtSn/C (50:50), PtRu (50:50)/C, PtRuRh/C (50:40:10) and PtSnRh/C (50:40:10) were prepared by an alcohol-reduction process with metal loading of 20 wt.% using H2PtCl6.6H2O (Aldrich), SnCl2.2H2O (Aldrich),and RhCl2.XH2O (Aldrich) as metals sources and Vulcan XC72 as support. The electrocatalysts were characterized by EDX, XRD and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The electro-oxidation of ethanol was studied by CV, chronoamperomety at room temperature in acid medium and tests at 100 0C on a single cell of a direct methanol or ethanol fuel cell. The EDX analysis showed that the metal atomic ratios of the obtained electrocatalysts were similar to the nominal atomic ratios used in the preparation. The diffractograms of electrocatalysts prepared showed four peaks at approximately 2 =400, 470, 670 and 820, which are associated with the (111), (200), (220) and (311) planes, respectively, of a face cubic-centered (fcc) structure characteristic of platinum and platinum alloys. The average crystallite sizes using the Scherrer equation and the calculated values were in the range of 23 nm. For PtSn/C and PtSnRh/C two additional peaks were observed at 2 = 340 and 520 that were identified as a SnO2 phase. PtSn/C (50:50) and PtSnRh/C (50:40:10) electrocatalyst showed the best performance for ethanol oxidation at room temperature. For methanol oxidation at room temperature PtRu/C, PtSn/C and PtRuRh/C electrocatalysts showed the best performance. Tests at 100 0C on a single cell of a direct ethanol fuel cell PtSnRh/C showed the best performance, for methanol oxidation PtRuRh/C showed the best performance.

The Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) which uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) and binary slotted exponential backoff scheme is the basis of the IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol. However, the DCF is not suitable for real-time traffic control since the backoff scheme may cause huge frame delay and jitter. We propose a modified DCF which uses a forward backoff scheme to remedy this disadvantage. In addition, a call admission control (CAC) is also proposed. Our protocol can guarantee service qualities such as the network throughput, frame delay, and jitter for real-time traffics. Besides, the modified DCF is still compliant with the IEEE 802.11 standard. Simulation results have shown that our method performs better than other DCF disciplines.

A local call admission control (CAC) algorithm for third generation wireless networks was designed and implemented, which allows for the simulation of network throughput for different spreading factors and various mobility scenarios. A global CAC algorithm is also implemented and used as a benchmark since it is inherently optimized; it yields the best possible performance but has an intensive computational complexity. Optimized local CAC algorithm achieves similar performance as global CAC algorithm at a fraction of the computational cost. Design of a dynamic channel assignment algorithm for IEEE 802.11 wireless systems is also presented. Channels are assigned dynamically depending on the minimal interference generated by the neighboring access points on a reference access point. Analysis of dynamic channel assignment algorithm shows an improvement by a factor of 4 over the default settings of having all access points use the same channel, resulting significantly higher network throughput.

The characterization of Kaiso transgenic mice, a potential model for the IBD-to-CAC transition. / Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is a poorly characterized subgroup of colorectal cancers (CRC) that afflicts ~20% patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The limited understanding of CAC stems from the lack of suitable mammalian model systems, as well as a general gap in knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms of this disease. Currently, colitis is modelled by the use of the detergent dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce inflammation in the intestines of mice. Studies have shown that increased expression of the transcription factor Kaiso causes intestinal inflammation and early-stage tumorigenesis in mice, even without additional intestinal insult. This inflammatory progression mimics the beginnings of CAC in humans, and we postulate that with a “second-hit” caused by a carcinogen such as azoxymethane (AOM), the mice will cross the threshold from inflammation to carcinogenesis. Wildtype (WT), KaisoTg mice, and APCmin/+/KaisoTg crossed mice were exposed to various combinations of the pro-inflammatory detergent DSS, the carcinogen AOM and the general anti-inflammatory, aspirin. Intestinal tissues were collected for gross morphological assessment, polyp quantification and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis, in order to determine the relative expression level and localization of pro-inflammatory and tumorigenic proteins. We hypothesized that exposure to DSS or AOM will exacerbate Kaiso-mediated intestinal inflammation and lead to colitis-associated cancer (i.e. polyp formation), while aspirin will rescue the APCmin/+/KaisoTg accelerated tumour forming phenotype. KaisoTg treated with AOM or DSS exhibited an impeded weight gain phenotype, extensive intestinal hyperplasia and altered gene expression. IHC analysis revealed that two key adhesion proteins, p120ctn and E-Cadherin exhibit aberrant expression and localization in KaisoTg, independent of treatment. Additionally, it was observed that AOM treatment and Kaiso overexpression work synergistically to produce an ectopic expression profile for the proliferation marker, Ki67. Together these finding suggest a role for Kaiso in intestinal inflammation, cancer initiation via altered proliferation, and the destabilization of adherens junctions, leading to a compromised intestinal epithelial barrier. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

No / Conventional Call Admission Control (CAC) schemes are based on stand-alone Radio Access Networks (RAN) Base Station (BS) architectures which have their independent and fixed spectral and computing resources, which are not shared with other BSs to address their varied traffic needs, causing poor resource utilization, and high call blocking and dropping probabilities. It is envisaged that in future communication systems like 5G, Cloud RAN (C-RAN) will be adopted in order to share this spectrum and computing resources between BSs in order to further improve the Quality of Service (QoS) and network utilization. In this paper, an intelligent Elastic CAC scheme using Fuzzy Logic in C-RAN is proposed. In the proposed scheme, the BS resources are consolidated to the cloud using virtualization technology and dynamically provisioned using the elasticity concept of cloud computing in accordance to traffic demands. Simulations shows that the proposed CAC algorithm has high call acceptance rate compared to conventional CAC.

Submitted by Rafael Santana (rafael.silvasantana@ufpe.br) on 2017-05-09T18:47:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Anderson Camargo Rodrigues Brito..pdf: 12772826 bytes, checksum: 0e5922c7620bb11d37c939800dfec6db (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-09T18:47:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Anderson Camargo Rodrigues Brito..pdf: 12772826 bytes, checksum: 0e5922c7620bb11d37c939800dfec6db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-17 / CNPQ / O Cinturão das Águas do Ceará (CAC) é uma grande obra hídrica, extensão da Transposição do Rio São Francisco, que pretende integrar as onze macrobacias cearenses com um fluxo permanente de 30 m³/s, mediante canais, túneis e sifões. Com previsão de término para as próximas quatro décadas, prevê a construção de três trechos e seis ramais, com extensão total de cerca de 1.300 km. O trecho 01, entre os municípios de Jati e Nova Olinda, teve iniciada sua construção em julho de 2013. A nossa hipótese é que essa ousada investida do Estado é fruto de um acúmulo técnico-normativo que remonta à atuação de instituições como DNOCS e BNB, desde a década de 1960, que, mais especificamente após a década de 1980, com os “governos das mudanças”, vem estruturando o estado para atuação extrativa de empresas do agrohidronegócio. Constatamos, com nossa investigação, que a obra tem seus sentidos territoriais alinhados com os desejos de investimentos em expansão da agricultura tipicamente capitalista, irrigada pelos sertões cearenses, e com os projetos de mineração. Também, que o CAC está em consonância com os recentes investimentos no Brasil e na América Latina, do PAC e IIRSA, que têm aprimorado a inserção desse continente na economia globalizada como fornecedor de commodities. Esse contexto tem sido facilitado pela ascensão de um grupo político ao poder, no Brasil, nas primeiras décadas do século XXI, que ratificou, na centralidade da relação capital/trabalho no país, a expansão do agrohidronegócio e da mineração, pondo as empreiteiras como um dos principais agentes políticos nessa conjuntura. O resultado desse processo na região do Cariri é a sobreposição de conflitos territoriais. A grande obra hídrica que utiliza como álibi o enfrentamento às secas se soma ao ambiente de conflitualidade da questão agrária, caracterizada por intensa concentração de terra. Como resposta, os movimentos sociais têm se articulado e construído entidades que questionam a forma como os governos no Ceará vêm desenvolvendo a obra − sem diálogos com a população sobre as reais necessidades de uma construção que, só no trecho 01, já superou em 50% o valor estimado, evitando, esclarecimentos acerca dos dados sobre suficiência hídrica da região do Cariri e dos processos de indenizações às comunidades que têm sido prejudicadas com a passagem das estruturas. A culminância desses movimentos que se opuseram ao paradigma do enfrentamento às secas, nas últimas décadas, é a apresentação de denúncias de violações gravíssimas dos direitos das comunidades tradicionais, bem como a construção de alternativas políticas ao desenvolvimento da agricultura tipicamente capitalista no semiárido, expondo como estratégias de enfrentamentos os modos de vida e os saberes das populações que vivem nos sertões. / The Water Belt of Ceará (“Cinturão das Aǵuas do Ceará”-CAC) is a large water enterprise, a extension of the Sao Francisco transposition, which aims to integrate eleven macrobasins Ceará with a constant water flow of 30 m³ / s, through canals, tunnels and siphons. It also includes the construction of three sections and six branches, with a total length of about 1,300 km, to be ready in the next four decades. The construction of section 01, between the towns of Jati and Nova Olinda, started in July 2013. Our hypothesis is that this bold strategy of the State is the result of a technical and normative accumulation dating back to the work of institutions such as DNOCS and BNB since the 1960s, which, more specifically after the 1980s, with the "government of change", has been corroborating with the extractive actions of companies dedicated to the agrohydrobusiness. We have observed, through our research, that the work has its territorial directions aligned with the demands for investments of a typical capitalist agriculture, irrigated by the hinterlands od Ceará and by the mining projects. Also, we have verified that CAC is coherent with recent investments in Brazil and Latin America, the PAC and IIRSA, which have enhanced the integration of the continent in the global economy as a supplier of commodities. This integration has been facilitated by the rise of a political group in Brazil in the first decades of the century, which ratified the centrality of the capital/labor ratio in the country, the expansion of agrohydrobusiness and mining projects, putting contractors as the major political players at this conjuncture. The result of this process in Cariri is the overlapping of territorial conflicts. The great work that uses water as an alibi facing drought adds to the conflict environment of the agrarian question, characterized by an intense concentration of land. In response, the social movements have been articulated and built organizations that question the way governments in Ceará have been developing this enterprise - without public dialogue about the real needs of a construction that already in its first section has already exceeded 50% the estimated value, avoiding explanations about the data on water sufficiency of the Cariri and compensation processes to communities that have been affected with the passage of its structures. The culmination of these movements who opposed the confrontation paradigm droughts in recent decades, is the presentation of reports of serious violations of traditional communities' rights, as well as the construction of political alternatives to the development of a typical capitalist agriculture in the semiarid region, exposing livelihoods and knowledge of people living in the hinterland as fighting strategies.

Os trajes de cena estudados nesta pesquisa apresentam-se como elementos potenciais para a preservação da Memória do Teatro Brasileiro, especificamente do Teatro Paulistano. Busca-se demonstrar que cada traje pode ser peça fundamental na reconstrução de um espetáculo, o que permite traçar o percurso da História do Teatro. Cada traje de cena cria elementos materiais que podem constituir formas relativamente autônomas de arte, que se apresentam como ferramentas para a preservação da arte teatral e de seu caráter reconhecidamente efêmero. O foco de pesquisa é documentar a memória dos trajes de cena que compõem o figurino teatral, enquanto parte constituinte da encenação. Busca-se discutir a potencialidade de memória e comunicação dos trajes de cena de um recorte do teatro paulistano, demonstrando como o registro documental contribui para a construção da História do Teatro Brasileiro. São abordados os seguintes acervos: o conjunto de trajes do Teatro Lírico de Equipe; amostra do conjunto de trajes do acervo CAC/EAD e o conjunto de trajes do Teatro Popular do Sesi-SP. / Costumes are presented as potential registers for the preservation of the memory of the Brazilian Theater, more specifically the Theater in the city of São Paulo. The aim of this research is to demonstrate that each costume can become a key element for the reconstruction of the course of the history of Theater. Each costume creates material which can constitute forms of art, with certain autonomy. The costumes are presented as tools for the preservation of the art of Theater and its known ephemeral aspect. The main objective of this research is to document the memories of costumes as part of the Theater process. We discuss the potential memory and communication in \'Scene costumes\', which belong to a period of the Theater in São Paulo. It demonstrates that the registry of costumes, considered as documents, contributes for the construction of the history of Brazilian. Three collections will be presented on this work: costumes from Teatro Lírico de Equipe, part of the CAC/EAD\'s collection and the collection of Teatro Popular do Sesi-SP.

Os trajes de cena estudados nesta pesquisa apresentam-se como elementos potenciais para a preservação da Memória do Teatro Brasileiro, especificamente do Teatro Paulistano. Busca-se demonstrar que cada traje pode ser peça fundamental na reconstrução de um espetáculo, o que permite traçar o percurso da História do Teatro. Cada traje de cena cria elementos materiais que podem constituir formas relativamente autônomas de arte, que se apresentam como ferramentas para a preservação da arte teatral e de seu caráter reconhecidamente efêmero. O foco de pesquisa é documentar a memória dos trajes de cena que compõem o figurino teatral, enquanto parte constituinte da encenação. Busca-se discutir a potencialidade de memória e comunicação dos trajes de cena de um recorte do teatro paulistano, demonstrando como o registro documental contribui para a construção da História do Teatro Brasileiro. São abordados os seguintes acervos: o conjunto de trajes do Teatro Lírico de Equipe; amostra do conjunto de trajes do acervo CAC/EAD e o conjunto de trajes do Teatro Popular do Sesi-SP. / Costumes are presented as potential registers for the preservation of the memory of the Brazilian Theater, more specifically the Theater in the city of São Paulo. The aim of this research is to demonstrate that each costume can become a key element for the reconstruction of the course of the history of Theater. Each costume creates material which can constitute forms of art, with certain autonomy. The costumes are presented as tools for the preservation of the art of Theater and its known ephemeral aspect. The main objective of this research is to document the memories of costumes as part of the Theater process. We discuss the potential memory and communication in \'Scene costumes\', which belong to a period of the Theater in São Paulo. It demonstrates that the registry of costumes, considered as documents, contributes for the construction of the history of Brazilian. Three collections will be presented on this work: costumes from Teatro Lírico de Equipe, part of the CAC/EAD\'s collection and the collection of Teatro Popular do Sesi-SP.