No description available.

Ce travail a pour objectif d'étudier les perfomances et la régiosélectivité de deux lipases lors de l'acylation de flavonoïdes en milieu organique. Cette étude a permis de montrer que la solubilité dans l'acétonitrile, l'acétone et le tert-amyl alcool dépend de la nature du flavonoïde. La solubilité la plus élevée a été obtenue avec la naringénine et l'hepéritine et la plus faible pour la rutine et l'isoquercitrine. Les propriétés thermophysiques sont également affectées par la nature du flavonoïde. Ainsi, les flavonoïdes glycosylés possèdent un point de fusion moins élevé et une enthalpie de fusion plus élevée que ceux des aglycones. Du point de vue cinétique d'acylation, des rendements de conversion de 99% ont été obtenus avec la quercétine. Ces rendements varient en fonction de la nature du flavonoïde et du donneur d'acyle, du rapport molaire (vinyle acétate/ flavonoïde) et de la nature du solvant. Le rendement le plus faible a été obtenu avec l'hespéritine. La modélisation moléculaire de flavonoïdes dans le vide et dans des solvants a permis d'étudier le rôle de la conformation sur la solubilité et de dégager des relations structure-activité pour un certain nombre de descripteurs moléculaires. Enfin des modèles OPLS tout atomes ont été construits pour étudier par dynamique moléculaire la quercétine dans des phases condensées de solvants organiques / This work aims to study the performances and the regioselcetivity of two lipases throughout the acylation of flavonoids in organic medium. This study showed that the solubility in acetonitrile, acetone and tert-amyl alcohol depends on the nature of the flavonoid. The highest solubility, in actonitrile, was obtained with the naringenin and hesperitin and the lowest with rutin and isoquercitrin. The thermophysical properties are also affected by the nature of flavonoids. Thus glycosylated flavonoids are characterized by a low melting point and a high enthalpy of fusion compared to the aglycon ones. From the kinetic acylation data, the highest conversion yields of 99% were obtained with quercetin. These conversion yields vary according to the nature of the flavonoid and the acyl donor, the molar ratio (vinyl acetate/flavonoid) and the nature of the solvent. The lowest conversion yield was obtained with hesperitin. Molecular modeling of flavonoids in vacuum and solvents allows to study the role of conformation structure on solubility and to release the structure-activity relationship with many electronic descriptors. Finally, OPLS all atoms were built to study, by molecular dynamics, quercetin in condensed phases of organic solvents.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-01-14T18:51:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SergioRuschiBergamachiSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 4405606 bytes, checksum: 784604c435bd6eb5424d9dbf6448597d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-15T19:10:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 SergioRuschiBergamachiSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 4405606 bytes, checksum: 784604c435bd6eb5424d9dbf6448597d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-15T19:10:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SergioRuschiBergamachiSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 4405606 bytes, checksum: 784604c435bd6eb5424d9dbf6448597d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-08 / No presente trabalho objetivou-se inicialmente, o estudo te?rico da estabilidade de intermedi?rios tetra?dricos formados a partir de rea??es de adi??o ? carbonila utilizando a teoria perturbativa M?ller-Plesset de segunda (MP2) e terceira ordem (MP3). Correla??es lineares entre a diferen?a de energia eletr?nica de rea??es com ?ndices de Wiberg e comprimentos de liga??es C-O foram obtidas, tendo sido observado que a estabilidade dos adutos formados depende diretamente da densidade eletr?nica envolvida entre esses ?tomos. O entendimento dos par?metros eletr?nicos dessas estruturas possui grande import?ncia devido ao grande uso de rea??es qu?micas que em seu curso formam este tipo intermedi?rio tetra?drico. Empregando a metodologia ONIOM (B3LYP:AMBER), avaliou-se a estereosseletividade de uma rea??o enzim?tica entre a enzima CAL B com um ?ster de cadeia longa. Neste estudo, foram obtidas as energias eletr?nicas do estado inicial e do intermedi?rio da etapa lenta da rea??o da transesterifica??o a partir das duas poss?veis faces proquirais Re e Si. O objetivo foi estudar a enantiosseletividade da CAL B e racionaliz?-la a partir da teoria qu?ntica de ?tomos em mol?culas (QTAIM). Um estudo te?rico utilizando compostos inorg?nicos foi realizado com o m?todo ab initio CBS-QB3 objetivando encontrar uma rela??o entre termodin?mica e equil?brio envolvendo ?cidos e bases. Os resultados observados mostraram uma excelente rela??o entre a varia??o da energia livre de Gibbs, ?G, de dissocia??o de ?cidos com o ?G da rea??o de hidr?lise da base conjugada correspondente. Observou-se, ainda, uma rela??o entre o ?G da rea??o de hidr?lise de ?cidos conjugados e seus correspondentes raios at?micos mostrando que a estabilidade desempenha um papel importante nas rea??es de hidr?lise. A import?ncia da solvata??o no comportamento ?cido/base quando comparado a ?Gs te?ricos e experimentais, tamb?m foi avaliada. / The present work aimed first, the theoretical study of tetrahedral intermediate stability formed from carbonyl addition reactions using the second (MP2) and third (MP3) order M?ller?Plesset perturbation theory. Linear correlations between electronic energy difference of reactions with Wiberg Indexes and C-O bond lengths were obtained, and was observed that the stability of adducts formed depends directly of electronic density involved between these atoms. The knowing of electronic parameters of these structures has an important hole due to the large use on reactions that in his course forms this tetrahedral intermediate. Employing the ONIOM (B3LYP:AMBER) methodology, was evaluated the stereoselectivity of a enzymatic reaction between CAL B enzyme and a long chain ester. In this study, were obtained the electronic energies of ground state and intermediate state of transesterification rate-determing step from two possible proquirals faces Re and Si. The objective was study the enantioselectivity of CAL B and rationalizes it using quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM). A theoretical study employing inorganic compounds was performed using ab initio CBS-QB3 method aiming to find a link between thermodynamic and equilibrium involving acids and bases. The results observed showed an excellent relationship between difference in Gibbs free energy, ?G of acid dissociation reaction and ?G of hydrolysis reaction of the corresponding conjugate base. It was also observed, a relationship between ?G of hydrolysis reaction of conjugate acids and their corresponding atomic radius showing that stability plays an important role in hydrolysis reactions. The importance of solvation in acid/base behavior when compared to theoretical and experimental ?G?s also was evaluated.

Submitted by Haroudo Xavier Filho (haroudo.xavierfo@ufpe.br) on 2016-02-26T13:58:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO -DARTAGNAN PIRES - OK!! (1).pdf: 6019641 bytes, checksum: 2024556a4ff3ddf948edf6eeeb9dbd55 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T13:58:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO DE MESTRADO -DARTAGNAN PIRES - OK!! (1).pdf: 6019641 bytes, checksum: 2024556a4ff3ddf948edf6eeeb9dbd55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-13 / CNPq / Derivados de furano e tiofeno 2-substituídos são compostos bastante difundidos no meio ambiente e desempenham papel importante em processos bioquímicos. Além disso, estes compostos podem ser utilizados como building blocks na preparação de diversas moléculas bioativas. No entanto, reagentes prejudiciais ao meio ambiente e muitas etapas reacionais, são geralmente atribuídos às metodologias sintéticas que empregam estes derivados. Atualmente, poucos trabalhos têm reportado a utilização de enzimas para este tipo de sistema. Dessa forma, nosso grupo demonstrou interesse em propor uma metodologia quimioenzimática para preparação de derivados de furano e tiofeno 2-substituídos em suas formas enantiomericamente pura, e aplicá-los na preparação de moléculas bioativas enantiodependentes. A metodologia proposta emprega um número reduzido de etapas sintéticas e utiliza a enzima CAL-B na etapa chave para obtenção dos respectivos enantiômeros separadamente. Inicialmente, uma série de alcoóis secundários racêmicos contendo grupos heterocíclicos foi sintetizada em rendimentos que variaram de moderados a excelentes (40-98%) e submetidos à resolução cinética enzimática catalisada por lipase (RCE). Adicionalmente, um derivado dibromo vinilfurano 2-substituído foi empregado em estudos visando à síntese total da modiolida A, uma macrolactona de origem natural contendo 10 membros em seu anel. Este fragmento foi utilizado em uma reação do tipo Corey-Fuchs para obtenção de um intermediário avançado na síntese desta molécula. / Furan and Tiophene derivatives are widespread compounds in the environment and they also play important role on biochemical process. In addition these compounds can be employed as building blocks in the synthesis of bioactive molecules. However, environmentally harmful reagents and many reaction steps are generally assigned to synthetic methodologies that employ it. Nowadays, few works have been reported enzyme applications in this type of system. Here, we propose a chemoenzymatic methodology to prepare enantioenriched secondary alcohols containing furan and tiophene heterocyclic group and apply them in the preparation of bioactive enantiodependent molecules. The proposed methodology employs a reduced number of synthetic steps and CAL-B enzyme at the key step of deracemization. Initially, the racemic secundary alcohols containing heterocyclic groups were synthesized from moderate to good yields (40-98%) and each of them was submitted to lipase-catalyzed enzymatic kinetic resolution (EKR). Furthermore, a dibromovinylfuran 2-substituted has been employed in studies forward the total synthesis of Modiolide A, a 10-membered ring of natural lactone. This fragment has been used on Corey-Fuchs reaction in order to prepare an advanced intermediate to obtain the Modiolida A.

Desde a invenção do primeiro polímero sintético por John Wesley em 1868, vem crescendo continuamente a utilização desta classe de materiais. Atualmente, é grande o interesse em agregar aos mesmos atributos mais nobres, tais como sua utilização em dispositivos biológicos, qualidade de rápida degradação e, mais recentemente, a preferência por aqueles provenientes de matéria prima renovável, que possam diminuir o impacto ambiental gerado pelo uso de petróleo e derivados. O objetivo deste trabalho é sintetizar materiais provenientes de fonte de matéria prima renovável e de fácil degradação, através de sínteses enzimáticas, evitando assim o uso de catalisadores metálicos tóxicos. Além disso, pretendeu-se agregar moléculas biologicamente ativas, de forma que os produtos finais possam exibir propriedades farmacológicas. As substâncias bioativas selecionadas para este trabalho foram: pantenol, ácido azeláico, ácido cítrico, e pantolactona. Destas moléculas, foram sintetizados 8 materiais poliméricos: poli(azelato de pantenila), poli(adipato de pantenila), poli(adipato de isosorbila-co-pantenila), poli(azelato de isosorbila), poli(adipato-co-azelato de isosorbila), poli(citrato de isosorbila), poli(adipato de isosorbila-co-citrato) e oligômero de polipantolactona. Todos os materiais foram sintetizados utilizando a enzima Candida antarctica fração B (CAL-B) como catalisador, em solvente orgânico, utilizando peneira molecular para remoção do subproduto da reação. As caracterizações foram feitas através de RMN-1H, MALDI-ToF e GPC. / Since the invention of the first synthetic polymer by John Wesley in 1868, the use of this class of materials has continuously grown. Currently, there is a great interest in adding nobler attributes to these materials, such as their use in biological devices, quality of rapid degradation and, more recently, the preference for those made from renewable feedstock, reducing the environmental impact generated by the use oil and derivatives. The objective of this work is to create materials of renewable material origin and easy degradation, using enzymatic catalysis thus avoiding the use of toxic metal catalysts. Furthermore, we intended to add biologically active molecules, so that the final products may exhibit pharmacological properties. The bioactive substances selected for this study were: panthenol, azelaic acid, citric acid, and pantolactone. From these molecules eight different polymeric materials were synthesized: poly(pantenyl azelate), poly(pantenyl adipate), poly(isosorbyl-co-pantenyl adipate), poly(isosorbyl azelate), poly(isosorbyl adipate-co-azelate) poly(isosorbyl citrate), poly(isosorbyl adipate-co-citrate) and oligomer of polypantolactone. All materials were synthesized using the enzyme Candida antarctica fraction B (CAL-B) as catalyst in organic solvent using molecular sieves to remove the byproduct of the reaction. The characterizations were made by 1H NMR, MALDI-ToF and SEC.

Desde a invenção do primeiro polímero sintético por John Wesley em 1868, vem crescendo continuamente a utilização desta classe de materiais. Atualmente, é grande o interesse em agregar aos mesmos atributos mais nobres, tais como sua utilização em dispositivos biológicos, qualidade de rápida degradação e, mais recentemente, a preferência por aqueles provenientes de matéria prima renovável, que possam diminuir o impacto ambiental gerado pelo uso de petróleo e derivados. O objetivo deste trabalho é sintetizar materiais provenientes de fonte de matéria prima renovável e de fácil degradação, através de sínteses enzimáticas, evitando assim o uso de catalisadores metálicos tóxicos. Além disso, pretendeu-se agregar moléculas biologicamente ativas, de forma que os produtos finais possam exibir propriedades farmacológicas. As substâncias bioativas selecionadas para este trabalho foram: pantenol, ácido azeláico, ácido cítrico, e pantolactona. Destas moléculas, foram sintetizados 8 materiais poliméricos: poli(azelato de pantenila), poli(adipato de pantenila), poli(adipato de isosorbila-co-pantenila), poli(azelato de isosorbila), poli(adipato-co-azelato de isosorbila), poli(citrato de isosorbila), poli(adipato de isosorbila-co-citrato) e oligômero de polipantolactona. Todos os materiais foram sintetizados utilizando a enzima Candida antarctica fração B (CAL-B) como catalisador, em solvente orgânico, utilizando peneira molecular para remoção do subproduto da reação. As caracterizações foram feitas através de RMN-1H, MALDI-ToF e GPC. / Since the invention of the first synthetic polymer by John Wesley in 1868, the use of this class of materials has continuously grown. Currently, there is a great interest in adding nobler attributes to these materials, such as their use in biological devices, quality of rapid degradation and, more recently, the preference for those made from renewable feedstock, reducing the environmental impact generated by the use oil and derivatives. The objective of this work is to create materials of renewable material origin and easy degradation, using enzymatic catalysis thus avoiding the use of toxic metal catalysts. Furthermore, we intended to add biologically active molecules, so that the final products may exhibit pharmacological properties. The bioactive substances selected for this study were: panthenol, azelaic acid, citric acid, and pantolactone. From these molecules eight different polymeric materials were synthesized: poly(pantenyl azelate), poly(pantenyl adipate), poly(isosorbyl-co-pantenyl adipate), poly(isosorbyl azelate), poly(isosorbyl adipate-co-azelate) poly(isosorbyl citrate), poly(isosorbyl adipate-co-citrate) and oligomer of polypantolactone. All materials were synthesized using the enzyme Candida antarctica fraction B (CAL-B) as catalyst in organic solvent using molecular sieves to remove the byproduct of the reaction. The characterizations were made by 1H NMR, MALDI-ToF and SEC.

Ce travail a consisté à étudier la N et/ou O acylation enzymatique d’alcool aminés et de dipeptides.Une étude préliminaire consacrée à l’acylation enzymatique d’une molécule modèle, le 6-amino-1-hexanol a démontré la capacité de la lipase B de Candida antarctica immobilisée à catalyser l’acylation de ce substrat dans différents milieux réactionnels. La mise en œuvre de cette réaction en solvants organiques (hexane, 2-méthyl-2-butanol) a conduit à la formation du produit diacylé avec un rendement de 85 % montrant l’absence de chimio-sélectivité de la réaction. L’utilisation de système sans solvant à base d’acide gras libre et de CO2 supercritique a permis d’orienter la chimio-sélectivité de la réaction en faveur de la O-acylation. Les liquides ioniques à cation de type imidazolium et à anions faiblement nucléophiles ont conduit à un taux de conversion de l’alcool aminé de l’ordre de 99 % tout en conservant l’absence de chimio-sélectivité observée en solvant organique. L’étude s’est ensuite focalisée sur l’acylation de dipeptides modèles tels que la Lys-Ser,HCl et la Ser-Leu. L’étude de l’acylation catalysée par la lipase B de Candida antarctica immobilisée de la Lys-Ser,HCl a montré une sélectivité exclusive en faveur de l’acylation de la fonction amine en position e, indépendamment du milieu réactionnel. La O-acylation de la Ser-Leu a permis de mettre en évidence l’influence du groupe carboxylique Cterminal électro-attracteur de Lys-Ser sur la réactivité de la fonction hydroxyle de la sérine. Enfin, la N-acylation enzymatique d’un dipeptide naturel bioactif, la carnosine a été réalisée d’une part en solvant organique, catalysée par la lipase B de Candida antarctica immobilisée et d’autre part, en milieu aqueux biphasique catalysée par l’acyl-transférase de Candida parapsilosis. L’acylation de la carnosine, conduisant à la synthèse de N-oléyl carnosine, n’affecte pas son activité inhibitrice de la xanthine oxydase et semble améliorer son activité anti-radicalaire vis-à-vis de l’anion superoxyde / The present work consisted in studying the N and/or O-enzymatic acylation of amino alcohols and dipeptides. A preliminary study was firstly undertaken about the enzymatic acylation of a bifunctionnal model molecule, 6-amino-1-hexanol and demonstrated the ability of the lipase B of Candida antarctica to catalyze the acylation of this substrate in different reaction media. The reaction performed in organic solvents (hexane, 2-methyl-2-butanol) allowed to the synthesis of the diacylated product with a substrate conversion yield of 85 %, showing the absence of chimio-selectivity of the reaction. The use of a solvent-free system constituted of free fatty acid and the use of supercritical carbon dioxide permitted to orientate the selectivity of the reaction in favour of the O-acylation. Ionic liquids with imidazolium cation and few nucleophilic anions led to a substrate conversion of 99 % and to maintain the absence of chemo-selectivity observed in organic solvents. Then, the study focused on the acylation of model dipeptides like Lys-Ser, HCl and Ser-Leu. Results relative to the acylation of Lys-Ser, HCl catalyzed by the lipase B of Candida antarctica immobilized showed a selectivity in favour of the acylation of the e-amino function independently of the reaction medium. The Ser-Leu O-acylation permitted to demonstrate the influence of the molecular environment (electro-attractor C terminal carboxylic group) on the reactivity of the serine hydroxyl function. Finally, the enzymatic acylation of a bioactive dipeptide was catalyzed by the lipase B of Candida antarctica immobilized in organic solvent and by the acyl-transferase of Candida parapsilosis in lipid-aqueous biphasic medium. The acylation of carnosine allowed the N-oleyl carnosine synthesis. The acylation of carnosine did not affect its xanthine oxydase inhibition activity and seemed to improve its superoxyde anion scavenging property