Tricyclic antidepressants have been shown to alter thyroid function in man and laboratory animals, but have not been evaluated in the dog. The effect of administration of clomipramine on canine thyroid function was studied in a prospective protocol in which 14 mature, healthy dogs were administered clomipramine (3 mg/kg PO q12h) for 112 days. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (T4), total 3,5,3' triiodothyronine (T3), free thyroxine (fT4), and 3,3',5' triiodothyronine (reverse T3; rT3) concentrations were measured on selected days. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) response tests were performed concurrently. Repeated measures analysis of variance was applied to test for effects of day of treatment; when significance (p < 0.05) was noted, it was further investigated using orthogonal polynomial trends. Significant decreases were found in serum T4 (26 ± 1.2 to 17 ± 0.5 nmol/L, p < 0.001), fT4, (29 ± 2.4 to 19 ± 1.3 pmol/L, p < 0.0002), and rT3 (1.2 ± 0.1 to 0.83 ± 0.08 nmol/L, p < 0.0001) concentrations. The effect of time on serum T3 concentration was also significant (p < 0.0001), but no consistent trend could be identified. No significant effect of time was noted in either pre- or post-TRH TSH concentrations. The results of this study indicate that significant and substantial decreases in T4 (35%), fT4 (38%), and rT3 can occur during clomipramine administration. Long-term administration of clomipramine may result in a misdiagnosis of hypothyroidism if a dog is tested while taking this medication and, since decreased serum fT4 occurs, hypothyroidism may result. / Master of Science

Meningioma is one of the most commonly diagnosed intracranial tumors in dogs and humans. Treatment failures resulting in local recurrence and death remain common in tumors of high grade, prompting a need for additional therapeutic options that are both effective and affordable. Genetic modification of the LaSota strain of Newcastle Disease Virus (rLAS) has allowed the virus' fusion protein cleavage site to be replaced with that belonging to urokinase plasminogen activator (rLAS-uPA). This site is cleavable exclusively by the uPA receptor (uPAR), which is overexpressed in canine meningioma. The rLAS-uPA represents a targeted therapy that has the potential to be efficacious against meningioma when administered systemically. A Phase I clinical trial was designed to evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of rLAS-uPA administered to dogs with presumptive intracranial meningioma. The primary endpoint was to define the safety of rLAS-uPA, as determined by serial clinical and laboratory assessments during and after viral administration, using standard toxicity metrics defined by the Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group (VCOG). Secondary end-points included anti-tumor activity quantified by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of tumor size, and characterization of immune responses to the rLAS-uPA. Four dogs completed the trial without significant toxicity. No objective tumor responses were noted on MRI from any dog. All dogs produced antiviral antibodies and increased circulating cytokines during the course of treatment. No virus was recovered from plasma, urine, or cerebrospinal fluid. These results indicate that further investigation into the rLAS-uPA dose intensity and interval are required to further develop this therapy. / Master of Science / The use of a modified Newcastle Disease Virus intravenous infusion to treat brain tumors in dogs has been shown to have no overt significant adverse effects. However, further investigation is required to determine the efficacy and optimal dosing protocol for this potential treatment.

The higher proximity among humans, domestic animals and wildlife favours disease spill-over both from wildlife to domestic animals and vice versa, which is a potential risk for the extinction of wildlife populations and could be influencing the emergence and/or re-emergence of zoonotic diseases. The domestic dog (Canis familiaris) is the most abundant and widely distributed carnivore worldwide and is known to be carrying many infectious diseases. Among these diseases, domestic dogs are known to be source of canine distemper virus (CDV), canine parvovirus (CPV) and Echinococcus granulosus to wild carnivores and human being. Populations of domestic dogs inhabiting urban areas can be the source of infection of directly transmitted pathogens, since in these areas a high density of domestic dogs can facilitate the maintenance of these infections to both domestic and wild carnivore populations. In addition, the knowledge of the diseases present in the domestic dog populations in close proximity to wildlife is essential for conservation planning and for control of both zoonotic diseases and diseases of conservation concern. This thesis explores the effect of urbanization on the epidemiology of CDV, CPV, and E granulosus in domestic dogs and wild carnivores of the Coquimbo region of Chile as for example, chilla (L. griseus) and culpeo (L. culpaeus) foxes and assess the risk factors that could be facilitate disease transmission between canid inhabiting urban and rural areas. The first of the chapters containing original data, Chapter 3, describe the demography of dogs in the study area, indicating that urban sites have a greater population and a higher density of domestic dogs, a high growth rate and therefore a high turnover of susceptible than rural areas, which can be of relevance for the differences in diseases transmission patterns between these sites. Chapter 4 describe the degree of interaction between wild and domestic carnivores and its effect on interespecific disease transmission; indicating that in the study area there are many opportunities for domestic/wild carnivores interactions, as for example livestock predation by carnivores, by approaching to peridomestic environments, facilitating in this scenario the transmission of CDV, CPV and also E. granulosus by predating on livestock contaminated with cyst echinococcosis. Chapter 5 indicate that urban areas hold domestic dog populations with higher CDV seroprevalence than rural sites and probably these areas are the source of infection to rural sites. In contrast, a more stable CPV seroprevalence was found between urban and rural areas, indicating that possibly this pathogen follow an endemic state across the study area. Chapter 6 describe the factors for E. granulosus prevalence in domestic dogs, livestock and human being, suggesting that more cases of E. granulosus in livestock and in humans are found in provinces of the Coquimbo region with higher percentage of rural population; however, and unexpectedly, more cases of E. granulosus in domestic dogs were found in urban areas, although analysis of risk factors indicated that those domestic dogs inhabiting in the borders of urban areas, were at greater risk of being infected with E. granulosus than those in the centre of these areas. The results of this study exemplify how three pathogens are found in urban areas which can be source of infection to domestic and wild carnivores in the study area.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1958. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-80).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-06-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:35:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ribeiro_mcm_me_botfmvz.pdf: 287673 bytes, checksum: dec8c154bcb68842908b9737b4e6eeb8 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A cinomose e a parvovirose canina são duas enfermidades infecto-contagiosas de grande importância para a clínica de pequenos animais onde a PCR vem sendo aplicada com ótimos resultados no diagnóstico. No entanto, para o sucesso da técnica, é necessário que o ácido nucléico esteja o mais puro possível e livre de inibidores das polimerases (Transcriptase reversa e/ou Taq DNA polimerase), desejando-se um método de extração simples e rápido. O teste de coaglutinação utilizando o Staphylococcus aureus (COA) é baseado na propriedade da proteína A de se ligar especificamente à porção Fc da imunoglobulina G de alguns mamíferos e algumas subclasses de IgG de camundongos. Assim, neste trabalho utilizou-se a coglutinação para obtenção de DNA ou RNA livres de inibidores, com capacidade de concentração de partículas virais dispersas nas amostras biológicas e de forma simples, rápida e de baixo custo. Para tanto, 10 amostras de fezes positivas para o vírus da parvovirose canina e 17 amostras de urina positivas para o vírus da cinomose foram submetidas à extração de ácidos nucléicos utilizando o COA e kits comerciais para posteriormente serem analisadas pela PCR em tempo real e PCR convencional respectivamente. As amostras de fezes foram diluídas de 1: 10 a 1: 100 000 e as amostras de urina foram utilizadas puras. A metodologia desenvolvida foi eficiente na extração dos dois tipos de amostra. O método proposto demonstrou ser confiável e de baixo custo para a preparação de DNA e RNA viral para o diagnóstico molecular. / PCR presents excellent results for the diagnosis of canine distemper and canine parvoviruses, two important infectious and contagious diseases for small animal internal medicine. However, success of technique depends on nucleic acid samples free of polymerase inhibitors (Reverse Transcriptase and / or Taq DNA polymerase). The coagglutination test using Staphylococcus aureus (COA) is based on the property of specific binding of protein A to the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G of some mammals and some of IgG subclasses of mice. This work was carried out the coagglutination procedure to obtain nucleic acid inhibitors free, with capacity for viral particle concentration dispersed in biological samples, simply, quickly and low cost. For this purpose, 10 canine parvovirus positive stool samples and 17 canine distemper virus positive urine samples were submitted to the preparation of nucleic acids using the COA and commercial kits in order to be analyzed by real-time PCR or conventional PCR respectively. Fecal specimens were diluted from 1: 10 to 1: 100 000 and urine samples were used pure. The developed methodology was efficient in extracting the two types of sample. The method proposed demonstrated to be reliable and cheap to prepare viral DNA or RNA for molecular diagnosis.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / With bombings in the United States on the rise for the first time since 2016, the detection and identification of explosives remains of pertinent interest to law enforcement agencies. This work presents two soon-to-be published research articles that focus on the detection and identification of explosives by both chemical instrumentation and canines. The first article, Quantitative Analysis of Smokeless Powder Particles in Post-Blast Debris via Gas Chromatography/Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy (GC/VUV), utilizes gas chromatography/vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy (GC/VUV) to determine the difference in chemical composition of two smokeless powders in both pre- and post-blast conditions. The compounds of interest in this study were nitroglycerin, 2,4- dinitrotoluene, diphenylamine, ethyl centralite, and di-n-butyl phthalate. Concentration changes between pre- and post-blast smokeless powder particles were determined as well as microscopic differences between pre- and post-blast debris for both smokeless powders in all devices. To our knowledge, this is the first use of GC/VUV for the quantification of explosives. The second article, An Odor-Permeable Membrane Device for the Storage of Canine Training Aids, proposes the use of an odor-permeable membrane device (OPMD) as a standardized storage method for canine training aids. It is hypothesized that the OPMD would minimize cross-contamination between training aids, and that the OPMD could be used for canine training as well as storage. The goal of this research is to use flux and evaporation rate to quantify the explosive odor that escapes from the OPMD compared to unconfined explosives. Preliminary data suggests that there is an exponential relationship between relative boiling point and evaporation rate. It has been determined that compounds with higher boiling points have lower evaporation rates than compounds that have lower boiling points. The materials studied thus far are known odor compounds produced by explosive formulations. These include nitromethane, nitroethane, 1- nitropropane, r-limonene, and toluene.

The use of computed tomography in patients with gastrointestinal disease is increasing. However, the triple-phase computed tomographic angiographic appearance of the canine small intestine and the effects that phase of contrast enhancement and plane of reconstruction have on the appearance of the small intestine have not been fully evaluated. The purposes of this study were to investigate these effects on the appearance of the small intestinal wall. The minimal and maximal small intestinal diameter, wall thickness, number of wall layers identified, and degree of mucosal enhancement were recorded. The plane of reconstruction did not have any significant effects on wall thickness, diameter, degree of mucosal enhancement, or number of wall layers identified. There was a positive association between body weight and intestinal diameter. The arterial phase demonstrated the greatest mucosal enhancement and number of wall layers identified. The transverse plane was subjectively the most useful for evaluation of the small intestines.

Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)- Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005. xvii, 109 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm / The paucity of clinical research into the cause of canine hip dysplasia, efficacy and effects of the different treatment protocols available for the management of symptoms, as well as the differing presentations, has led to a continued variation in standardized care for this condition. The aim of this study was to contribute further information on the use of instrument manipulation as an alternative or adjunctive means of managing the symptoms of canine hip dysplasia. Both manual and instrument manipulation have effectively been used in the short-term management of human musculoskeletal pconditions, it was hypothesized that the use of instrument manipulation would benefit the canine patient. The use of human based studies was a guideline, as no previous chiropractic studies have been conducted on the canine subject.

An examination of the Companion Animal Parasite Council's (CAPC) canine heartworm data to clarify the spatial prevalence of heartworm in the United States. Factors thought to influence the spatial risk of disease, as identified in a recent CAPC workshop, are discussed.

No description available.