Universiẗat, Diss., 2000--München.

Zugl.: Berlin, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2001.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2004--München.

O desenvolvimento tecnológico busca fatores que possibilitem uma menor exposição do paciente e profissional aos raios ionizantes, maior agilidade no atendimento ao paciente e maior auxilio no desenvolvimento do diagnóstico final. Assim a associação entre informática e radiologia básica, traduzidas como radiologia digital, fez-se conseguir os fatores buscados. Uma ferramenta dos sistema digitais é a calibração prévia às medidas. Com essas observações avaliamos tais ferramentas de três sistemas de radiografias digitais, objetivando validar e comprovar sua eficácia nas metodologias dos trabalhos presentes e futuros. Para tanto utilizamos 20 dentes humanos secos provindos do Banco de Dentes Permanentes da FOUSP, os quais foram radiografados com o auxílio de três sistemas de radiografia digital, direto e semidireto (Digora, RVG Trophy e Visualix). O padrão ouro das medidas dos dentes foi a verificação das dimensões dos dentes por meio de um paquímetro digital e posteriormente comparados os seus padrões de medidas com os softwares dos respectivos sistema. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo ANOVA (métodos de Tukey e Dunnett), chegando às seguintes conclusões: existe diferença significante entre os aparelhos p<0,001; a média das medidas obtidas houve diferença significante (p<0,001) com o aparelho Digora foi menor que as médias obtidas com os aparelhos das marcas Visualix e RVG; considerando-se o padrão A e o padrão B de calibragem, não existe diferença estatística significante entre os avaliadores; considerando-se a calibragem sem padrão, um dos avaliadores obteve média mais elevada que os demais avaliadores no caso das medidas realizadas com o aparelho Digora, porém este fato não se repetiu quando da utilização dos outros aparelhos; comparando-se as medidas de referência (paquímetro) observa-se que mais uma vez o aparelho Digora (padrão A, padrão B e sem padrão) apresentou diferença significativa; os aparelhos das marcas Visualix e RVG não mostraram diferenças significativas quando comparados com o valor de referência. / Technological development aims at reducing exposure of both the professional and the patient to ionizing radiation, improving patient treatment and aiding final diagnosis. The combination of computer technology and radiology, i.e. digital radiography, has made this possible. One of the tools of digital radiography systems is calibration prior to measurement. The purpose of this study was to assess the calibration tools of three digital radiography systems to verify their efficacy. Twenty human teeth obtained from the Human Teeth Bank of the School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, were used. The dry teeth were radiographed using three different direct digital radiography systems Digora, RVG Trophy and Visualix. The measurements of the teeth obtained with a digital caliper were considered the gold standard. These measurements were later compared with those obtained using the digital systems. The results were submitted to ANOVA (methods of Tukey and Dunnett), and the following conclusions were drawn: there was a significant difference between the systems used (p < 0.001); the averages of the measurements obtained with the three systems were significantly different (p<0,001). Visualix and RVG were more accurate than Digora considering A and B calibration standards, no significant difference was observed between the examiners; when there was no calibration standard and the Digora system was used, one examiner obtained more high averages measurements than the others; when there was no calibration standard and Visualix or RVG systems were used, no differences were observed between the examiners; the measurements obtained with Digora system (standards A, B or no standard) were statistically different from the gold standard the measurements obtained with Visualix and RVG systems presented no significant difference when compared with the gold standard.

System zur berührungslosen Drahtvorschubgeschwindigkeitsmessung mittels CCD-Kameramodul. Die Auswertung der Daten wird mittels Wavelet-Algorithmen durchgeführt.

O desenvolvimento tecnológico busca fatores que possibilitem uma menor exposição do paciente e profissional aos raios ionizantes, maior agilidade no atendimento ao paciente e maior auxilio no desenvolvimento do diagnóstico final. Assim a associação entre informática e radiologia básica, traduzidas como radiologia digital, fez-se conseguir os fatores buscados. Uma ferramenta dos sistema digitais é a calibração prévia às medidas. Com essas observações avaliamos tais ferramentas de três sistemas de radiografias digitais, objetivando validar e comprovar sua eficácia nas metodologias dos trabalhos presentes e futuros. Para tanto utilizamos 20 dentes humanos secos provindos do Banco de Dentes Permanentes da FOUSP, os quais foram radiografados com o auxílio de três sistemas de radiografia digital, direto e semidireto (Digora, RVG Trophy e Visualix). O padrão ouro das medidas dos dentes foi a verificação das dimensões dos dentes por meio de um paquímetro digital e posteriormente comparados os seus padrões de medidas com os softwares dos respectivos sistema. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo ANOVA (métodos de Tukey e Dunnett), chegando às seguintes conclusões: existe diferença significante entre os aparelhos p<0,001; a média das medidas obtidas houve diferença significante (p<0,001) com o aparelho Digora foi menor que as médias obtidas com os aparelhos das marcas Visualix e RVG; considerando-se o padrão A e o padrão B de calibragem, não existe diferença estatística significante entre os avaliadores; considerando-se a calibragem sem padrão, um dos avaliadores obteve média mais elevada que os demais avaliadores no caso das medidas realizadas com o aparelho Digora, porém este fato não se repetiu quando da utilização dos outros aparelhos; comparando-se as medidas de referência (paquímetro) observa-se que mais uma vez o aparelho Digora (padrão A, padrão B e sem padrão) apresentou diferença significativa; os aparelhos das marcas Visualix e RVG não mostraram diferenças significativas quando comparados com o valor de referência. / Technological development aims at reducing exposure of both the professional and the patient to ionizing radiation, improving patient treatment and aiding final diagnosis. The combination of computer technology and radiology, i.e. digital radiography, has made this possible. One of the tools of digital radiography systems is calibration prior to measurement. The purpose of this study was to assess the calibration tools of three digital radiography systems to verify their efficacy. Twenty human teeth obtained from the Human Teeth Bank of the School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, were used. The dry teeth were radiographed using three different direct digital radiography systems Digora, RVG Trophy and Visualix. The measurements of the teeth obtained with a digital caliper were considered the gold standard. These measurements were later compared with those obtained using the digital systems. The results were submitted to ANOVA (methods of Tukey and Dunnett), and the following conclusions were drawn: there was a significant difference between the systems used (p < 0.001); the averages of the measurements obtained with the three systems were significantly different (p<0,001). Visualix and RVG were more accurate than Digora considering A and B calibration standards, no significant difference was observed between the examiners; when there was no calibration standard and the Digora system was used, one examiner obtained more high averages measurements than the others; when there was no calibration standard and Visualix or RVG systems were used, no differences were observed between the examiners; the measurements obtained with Digora system (standards A, B or no standard) were statistically different from the gold standard the measurements obtained with Visualix and RVG systems presented no significant difference when compared with the gold standard.

System zur berührungslosen Drahtvorschubgeschwindigkeitsmessung mittels CCD-Kameramodul. Die Auswertung der Daten wird mittels Wavelet-Algorithmen durchgeführt.

The objective of Master’s Thesis is to research the utilization of line optical sensors for object location´s and speed measurement in cooperation with PROTOTYPA company. At the beginning of the Thesis there is an explanation of CCD sensor components and photodiods working principals. Further are discussed particular methods of object sensing. There are schematics of different sensor locations and flying object. The other step deals with introduction to the question of ray impact on sensor in the way of using different light sources and optical systems. In the other part of the Thesis are presented two sensors, which have been chosen by PROTOTYPA company workers. Final part of the Thesis deals with description of executed experimental measurement with LCCD 2048S-14 type of sensor. Experiments are aimed for statical and dynamical processes. In statical part was checked displaying of fixed objects on CCD sensor in internal spaces on the assumption that changing of object-lens focalization, object´s high and shape. For the evaluation was used of MATLAB program. Dynamical part of measurement is aimed for moving objects.

Master's Thesis deals with the complete proposal of light adaptability A/D converter. In the second chapter there are describes types of sensors. Third one describes the most used methods of light adaptability. In the fourth chapter there is describe the adaptability A/D conversion. Chapter 5 describes the block diagram. In the sixth chapter there is the design of all blocks of A/D converter. Finally in the chapter 7 there are construction documents for realization.

This thesis deals with testing of astronomical measurement system MAAS-1, which was developed at the Institute of Geodesy, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology. Several reference measurements were done on the terrace of B building Faculty of Civil Engineering during this testing. The data obtained were processed into astronomical geographic coordinates and . These coordinates, as well as atmospheric conditions and calibration measurements, are basis for evaluation. In this test I try to detect the influence of the CCD sensor mounting of the accuracy on the final data and to assess if the construction needs to be modified.