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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A Study on Frequency Offset Estimation in OFDM Systems

Chin, Ching-Yu 10 September 2009 (has links)
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing, OFDM) has been widely applied in today's wireless communications. One major reason for the popularity of OFDM systems is that almost half of bandwidth can be saved from traditional systems with subcarriers' orthogonality. The transmitted signals may suffer Carrier Frequency Offsets (CFO), caused by Doppler effects and misadjustment of transmit and receive oscillators, and the orthogonality will be destroyed. The CFO will result Intercarrier Interference (ICI) and degrade the system performance. Therefor, CFO must be estimated accurately to remove the ICI. In 1998, H. Liu and U. Tureli proposed a CFO estimation algorithm based on Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC)[ 11 ]. This method is blind and can provide hight accuracy. However, it only works in cyclic prefix (CP) OFDM system. In this thesis, we propose a MUSIC CFO estimation which can be used in zero padding (ZP) OFDM. After appropriate superposition of ZP-OFDM received signals, a CP-like signal can be obtained. Such that the MUSIC algorithm can be applied to ZP-OFDM.A modified singular value decomposition (SVD) channel estimation for ZP-OFDM with full-loaded subcarriers is also proposed in this thesis. From simulation results, the MUSIC CFO estimation for ZP-OFDM is workable. The performance of CFO estimation depends on the searching interval of the minimization process. Smaller searching results better. In SVD channel estimation, ZP-OFDM with null subcarriers can provide better root-mean-square error performance. The performance of SVD channel estimation is only related to the length of channel path.
2

Lika eller inte, det är frågan... : En studie om controllerns och CFO:ns arbetsuppgifter

Thorén, Josefina, Andersson, Emili January 2012 (has links)
Studien grundar sig i att studera inte endast controllern utan även CFO:n på grund av att CFO:n utgör en viktig del i arbetet med ekonomistyrning. Syftet med studien var att beskriva likheter och/ eller skillnader vid arbetsuppgifter mellan controllern och CFO:n samt deras syn på hur den motsatta rollen arbetar. Detta för att öka förståelsen för rollerna som controller och CFO. För att genomföra studien användes en kvalitativ metod som omfattade öppna individuella intervjuer med controller och CFO på Halmstads kommun, Heléns Rör AB och CFO/ controller på Krönleins bryggeri AB. Den teoretiska referensramen delades in i följande teman: Ekonomistyrning, controllerns och CFO:ns arbetsuppgifter, rollen som controller, CFO och CFO/ controller, ledningsgruppen och faktorer som påverkar och samarbete. Resultatet påvisade att det fanns både likheter och skillnader mellan controllerns och CFO:ns arbetsuppgifter samt att det var möjligt att inneha båda rollerna som controller och CFO i en medelstor organisation. Genom respondenternas svar kunde det utläsas att rollerna som controller och CFO tenderade att bli mer, eller fortsatte, vara strategiska.
3

Timing and Frequency Synchronization Research for OFDM Systems

Hu, Wei-Wen 29 June 2005 (has links)
In this paper, there are two major contents about OFDM synchronization issue in wireless communication. The first of all, a joint MLE and MMSE synchronization scheme is proposed for OFDM timing and frequency offset. Secondly, a novel pilot-aided inter-carrier interference (ICI) self-cancellation scheme is proposed for use in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The proposed scheme maps both modulated data symbols and pre-defined pilot symbols onto non-neighboring sub-carriers with weighting coefficients of +1 and -1. With the aid of pilot symbols, a more accurate estimation of frequency offsets can be obtained, and the ICI self-cancellation demodulation can be operated properly.
4

Algoritmy synchronizace pro systémy 5G v pásmu milimetrových vln / Synchronization methods for millimeter-wave 5G systems

Waldecker, Miroslav January 2018 (has links)
Goal of this thesis is to analyse basic algorithms for the carrier and time synchronisation in the OFDM systems in 5G networks. Firtly, basic introduction to OFDM systems, then parameters and properties of the OFDM are discussed. Then estimation and compensation timing and frequency offsets are analysed as well as algorythms for searhcing of the start of the symbols. Last but not least hardware setup, which will be prepared in the DREL department for test of the communication in the millimeter wave band, with frequency of 60GHz is slightly discribed. This thesis is just a introduction for the real future work on this setup.
5

Algoritmy synchronizace pro systémy 5G v pásmu milimetrových vln / Synchronization methods for millimeter-wave 5G systems

Waldecker, Miroslav January 2018 (has links)
Goal of this thesis is to analyse basic algorithms for the carrier and time synchronisation in the OFDM systems in 5G networks. Firtly, basic introduction to OFDM systems, then parameters and properties of the OFDM are discussed. Then estimation and compensation timing and frequency offsets are analysed as well as algorythms for searhcing of the start of the symbols. Last but not least hardware setup, which will be prepared in the DREL department for test of the communication in the millimeter wave band, with frequency of 60GHz is slightly discribed. This thesis is just a introduction for the real future work on this setup.
6

Aspectos de sincronización en frecuencia para sistemas multiportadora

González, Gustavo José 16 March 2012 (has links)
En esta tesis se tratan diversos aspectos que contribuyen a incrementar el desempeño de los sistemas de comunicaciones modernos. Entre los desafíos más importantes están la compen sación de los efectos del canal de comunicaciones, la sincroni-zación en frecuencia y las limitaciones en el ancho de banda de transmisión. Los estándares modernos son capaces de proveer a los usuarios diferentes tipos de calidad de servicio. Esto exige gran flexibilidad en el manejo de los recursos de radio y alta robustez frente a las interferencias. El multiplexa-do por división en frecuencias ortogonales (OFDM), es el es-quema de modulación multiportadora que se esta adoptando en la mayoría de los estándares para lograr dichas exigencias. Entre las desventajas de la implementación práctica de OFDM están la sensibilidad a errores de sincronismo en frecuencia y el alto consumo de potencia en la amplificación. El error de sincronismo en frecuencia destruye la ortogonalidad entre las subportadoras de OFDM lo que disminuye notablemente el desempeño del sistema, por ese motivo es necesario estimar y compensar dicho error. Para tal fin se propuso una familia de algoritmos de estimación de errores de sincronismo basados en una aproximación más exacta de la estadística de la señal de entrenamiento. En consecuencia, los estimadores obte-nidos tienen mejor desempeño que los propuestos anterior-mente. Considerando una incipiente línea de investigación, se propuso un estimador de frecuencia basado en filtrado notch que es útil para la estimación de errores de sincronismo en sistemas multiportadora. El algoritmo funciona de manera itera-tiva procesando la información en bloques, lo que resulta ade-cuado para estimaciones basadas en una secuencia de entre-namiento. El acceso mútiple por división de frecuencias ortogonales (OFDMA) está basado en OFDM y utiliza conjun-tos de subportadoras para trasmitir la información de cada usuario. En este caso también es necesario estimar y compen-sar los errores de sincronismo, operaciones que requieren una elevada carga computacional. En esta tesis se propone un esquema de compensación de errores de sincronismo que permite reducir notoriamente la complejidad del sistema sin degradar considerablemente el desempeño. La modulación multiportadora basada en banco de filtros (FBMC) se ha pro-puesto recientemente como alternativa a OFDMA ya que es menos sensible a errores de sincronismo en frecuencia. Con el fin de determinar cual sistema es el más adecuado, se pre-senta una comparación entre OFDMA y FBMC en un contexto realista, teniendo en cuenta tanto el desempeño como la complejidad de implementación. Además de las temáticas principales antes mencionadas, en esta tesis se tratan de manera complementaria cuestiones relacionadas con nuevos sistemas de comunicaciones en estado de desarrollo, que permiten abordar los problemas de escasez espectral y de amplificación de una señal de amplio rango dinámico. Estu-dios recientes demuestran que el espectro es un recurso escaso pero muchas veces desperdiciado. La solución para este problema puede ser la asignación dinámica de ancho de banda, lo que permite que varios sistemas o redes compartan la misma banda de frecuencias. Estos sistemas están compuestos por dispositivos llamados radios cognitivas que tienen que realizar tareas de sensado espectral a fin de determinar si alguna banda de interés está o no disponible. Se supone que las señales involucradas en el proceso de sen-sado son OFDM, debido a que este esquema es ampliamente utilizado en la actualidad. Por consiguiente, en esta tesis se estudian técnicas de detección y diferenciación de señales basadas en características estadísticas de dicha modulación. El alto rango dinámico de las señales OFDM produce un alto consumo de potencia que puede ser inaceptable, sobretodo en dispositivos móviles. Para evitar el problema es posible concebir un sistema híbrido en el cual se utilice OFDM en el enlace de bajada y modulacion de portadora simple en el enlace de subida. En este sistema la ecualización en el enlace de subida no es trivial como en el caso de OFDM. Se ha propuesto entonces, un ecualizador con realimentación de decisión en el dominio frecuencia y adaptación de mínimos cuadrados recursiva, que permite mejorar el desempeño tanto en la velocidad de convergencia de los coeficientes del filtro, como en el seguimiento de las variaciones del canal de comunicaciones. / In this thesis are discussed several aspects that contribute to increase the performance of modern communication systems. Among the most important challenges are the compensation of communication channel effects, frequency synchronization and transmission bandwidth limitations. Modern standards are able to provide different quality of services to the users. This requires a high flexibility in the management of radio resources and high robustness against channel interference. The ortho-gonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), is the multi-carrier modulation scheme that is being adopted in most of modern standards to achieve the required specifications. Among the disadvantages of OFDM practical implementation are the sensitivity to frequency synchronization errors and the high consumption of the power amplifier. The frequency synchronization error destroys the orthogonality of OFDM subcarriers which decreases the system performance signi-ficantly, for this reason it is necessary to estimate and compensate this error. To that end, it is proposed a new family of algorithms for carrier frequency offset estimation, based on a more accurate approximation of the training signal statistics. As a consequence, obtained estimators have better performance that previous proposals. Considering an emerging line of research, it is also proposed a frequency estimator based on notch filtering that is useful for estimation of frequency synchronization errors in multicarrier systems. The algorithm is iterative and process the information in a bock basis, which results appropriate for estimations based on a training sequence. Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) is based on OFDM and employs a set of subcarriers to transmit the information of each user. In this case also it is necessary to estimate and compensate syn-chronization errors, operations that require a high computa-tional load. In this thesis is proposed a compensation scheme for frequency synchronization errors that allows to reduce significantly the system complexity without degrading noto-riously the performance. The filter bank based multicarrier (FBMC) modulation has been recently proposed as an alter-native to OFDMA since it is less sensitive to frequency syn-chronization errors. In order to establish which system is the more appropriate, it is presented a comparison between OFDMA and FBMC in a realistic context, taking into account performance and implementation complexity. In addition to the key issues mentioned above, in this thesis are discussed in a complementary manner topics related to new commu-nications systems in early development stages, that address the problems of spectral scarcity and high dynamic range power amplification. Recent studies show that the spectrum is a scarce resource but often wasted. The solution to this pro-blem may be the dynamic bandwidth allocation, allowing multiple systems or networks to share the same frequency band. These systems consist of devices called cognitive radios, that have to sense the spectrum to determine if the frequency band of interest is available or not.It is supposed that signals involved in the sensing process are OFDM, since this scheme is currently wide adopted. In conclusion, in this thesis are studied signal detection and differentiation tech-niques based on statistical features of this modulation. The high dynamic range of OFDM leads to a high power consump-tion that could be unacceptable, mainly in mobile devices. To avoid the problem is possible to conceive an hybrid system that employ OFDM in the downlink and single carrier modula-tion in the uplink. In this system the equalization in the uplink is not trivial as for the OFDM case. Then, it is proposed a frequency domain decision feedback equalizer and recursive least squares adaptation, that improves the performance both in convergence speed and tracking of communication channel variations.
7

CFO CHARACTERISTICS, MARKET REACTION, AND SUBSEQUENT PERFORMANCE

Zhao, Xinlei 01 January 2018 (has links)
In this study, I examine whether firms hire new CFOs with improved qualifications following a financial reporting failure and subsequently experiencing CFO turnover. Prior literature provides evidence that restating firms attempt to take remedial actions to restore their credibility and reputation. This study extends prior literature by testing whether the decision to hire a new CFO is a valued remedial action for restating firms. The empirical results show that restating firms are more likely to hire new CFOs with more accounting expertise and from external sources than non-restating firms are. The market reacts more favorably when restating firms hire a CFO with more relevant accounting expertise than the incumbent CFO. I also find that the improved qualifications of the new CFO mitigate the information risk generated by the restatement. This study contributes to the literature with the assertion that accounting expertise is a valuable attribute that firms consider when making hiring decisions for CFOs, especially those firms that issued a restatement. The results imply that replacing CFOs is a valued remedial action for restating firms. The improved qualifications of the new CFOs improve the information environment for restating firms and reduce perceived risk from investors.
8

CFO-rollen i Sverige idag : Finansiell rapportör eller driven affärsman?

Nordberg, Johan, Persson, John January 2009 (has links)
<p>Bakgrund och problemformulering: Revisions-­ och konsultbyrån Grant Thornton genomförde i september 2008 en undersökning med 400 VD:ar i svenska företag. Resultatet visade att svenska företag är tämligen duktiga på att kunna förutspå omvärldsförändringar men att det alltför sällan leder till någon form av strategisk planering och handling. Företagets Chief Financial Officer (CFO), som ansvarig för ekonomifunktionen och som den med bäst insyn i företagets finansiella ställning, har en nyckelroll i företagets förmåga att hantera omvärldsförändringar. Det är därför vitalt att CFO arbetar strategiskt och kan vidta snabba åtgärder vid behov och därmed inte bedriver en reaktiv styrning där åtgärder vidtas först när problem redan har hunnit uppstå. Syfte: Syftet med undersökningen är att utreda huruvida CFO i svenska företag arbetar strategiskt i sin roll samt vilka faktorer som påverkar CFO:s möjligheter till att bedriva strategiskt arbete. Metod: Författarna har valt en kvalitativ ansats för undersökningen. För att få en tydligare helhetsbild har en informantintervju genomförts med en forskare inom verksamhetsstyrning. Därutöver har respondentintervjuer genomförts med CFO:s på Kemwell, Previa, SF Bio och TNT Sverige i syfte att få en djupare förståelse för problemområdet. Undersökningens resultat och slutsatser: Undersökningen som genomförts poängterar betydelsen av att som CFO besitta en god kommunikativ förmåga och att detta är en viktig faktor för att CFO ska kunna vidareutvecklas till att fungera som en affärspartner i företaget. Vidare konstateras att samtliga intervjuade CFO:s har ambitionen att arbeta mer strategiskt men att möjligheterna till strategiskt arbete skiljer sig åt beroende på omständigheter som organisationens storlek, organisationsstrukturen, samt individens egna ambitioner att utvecklas i CFO-­rollen. Om ekonomichefen historiskt sett varit redovisningsspecialist, anser författarna att CFO-­rollen idag fordrar en generalist med bred kompetens inom flertalet olika områden, som aktivt kan hjälpa VD att driva och utveckla företaget.</p>
9

CFO-rollen i Sverige idag : Finansiell rapportör eller driven affärsman?

Nordberg, Johan, Persson, John January 2009 (has links)
Bakgrund och problemformulering: Revisions-­ och konsultbyrån Grant Thornton genomförde i september 2008 en undersökning med 400 VD:ar i svenska företag. Resultatet visade att svenska företag är tämligen duktiga på att kunna förutspå omvärldsförändringar men att det alltför sällan leder till någon form av strategisk planering och handling. Företagets Chief Financial Officer (CFO), som ansvarig för ekonomifunktionen och som den med bäst insyn i företagets finansiella ställning, har en nyckelroll i företagets förmåga att hantera omvärldsförändringar. Det är därför vitalt att CFO arbetar strategiskt och kan vidta snabba åtgärder vid behov och därmed inte bedriver en reaktiv styrning där åtgärder vidtas först när problem redan har hunnit uppstå. Syfte: Syftet med undersökningen är att utreda huruvida CFO i svenska företag arbetar strategiskt i sin roll samt vilka faktorer som påverkar CFO:s möjligheter till att bedriva strategiskt arbete. Metod: Författarna har valt en kvalitativ ansats för undersökningen. För att få en tydligare helhetsbild har en informantintervju genomförts med en forskare inom verksamhetsstyrning. Därutöver har respondentintervjuer genomförts med CFO:s på Kemwell, Previa, SF Bio och TNT Sverige i syfte att få en djupare förståelse för problemområdet. Undersökningens resultat och slutsatser: Undersökningen som genomförts poängterar betydelsen av att som CFO besitta en god kommunikativ förmåga och att detta är en viktig faktor för att CFO ska kunna vidareutvecklas till att fungera som en affärspartner i företaget. Vidare konstateras att samtliga intervjuade CFO:s har ambitionen att arbeta mer strategiskt men att möjligheterna till strategiskt arbete skiljer sig åt beroende på omständigheter som organisationens storlek, organisationsstrukturen, samt individens egna ambitioner att utvecklas i CFO-­rollen. Om ekonomichefen historiskt sett varit redovisningsspecialist, anser författarna att CFO-­rollen idag fordrar en generalist med bred kompetens inom flertalet olika områden, som aktivt kan hjälpa VD att driva och utveckla företaget.
10

Tournament Incentives vs. Equity Incentives of CFOs: The Effect on Firms' Risk Taking and Earnings Management

Han, Feng 05 1900 (has links)
My dissertation consists of two essays on CFOs' promotion-based tournament incentives and performance-based equity incentives. The first essay examines the joint implications of CFOs' tournament incentives and equity incentives for firms' risk-taking. With the pay gap between the CEO and the CFO as the proxy for the CFO's tournament incentives, I find that the relationship between a firm's risk taking and the CFO's tournament incentives is non-monotonic. In particular, I show that below a certain level, increase in pay gap is associated with increase in firm risk taking (e.g., higher leverage, lower cash holding balance and higher R&D intensity). However, after reaching a certain level, the CEO-CFO pay gap negatively impacts risk-taking, as increase in pay gap is associated with lower leverage, higher cash holding balance and lower R&D intensity. With the CFO's pay-performance sensitivity as the proxy for the CFO's equity incentives, I find that the CFO's equity incentives negatively impact firm's R&D intensity, but have no significant impact on broader financial decisions such as capital structure and cash policy. Collectively, my findings indicate that CFO incentives play an important role in firm's risk-taking behaviors, and the effect of the CFO's tournament incentives is more pronounced. The second essay studies the impact of tournament incentives and equity incentives for CFOs on firms' earnings management, including accrual-based earnings management (e.g., total accruals, abnormal accruals) and real activities manipulation (e.g., abnormal discretionary expenditures, abnormal production costs). Measuring the CFO's tournament incentives as the pay gap between the CEO and the CFO, I show that the CFO's tournament incentives positively influence total accruals and abnormal accruals. Meanwhile, the CFO's equity incentives, measured as the CFO's pay-performance sensitivity, are found positively related to real activities manipulation proxies and total accruals. My findings show a consistent pattern before and after the passage of SOX (Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002), but the incentives' effects on earnings management have become less significant in the post-SOX period. Overall, the CFOs' tournament and equity incentives both play an important role in earnings management, but their relative importance lies in different earnings management techniques.

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