Cooling, Heating, and Power (CHP) systems have been around for decades, but systems that utilize 20 kW or less, designated as Micro-CHP, are relatively new. Micro-CHP systems show the most promise for a distributed generation scheme to decentralize the national energy grid. A demonstration site has been constructed at Mississippi State University to show the advantages of these systems. This study is designed to evaluate the performance of a Micro-CHP system and a conventional high-efficiency system. Performance and cost factors can be evaluated for the demonstration site operating under either the CHP system or the conventional system. These results are computed from an energy analysis on collected data. This dissertation introduces a new comparison factor to examine different CHP systems. This new factor is called the System Energy Transfer Ratio (SETR). Other considerations in this study include an extensive literature survey that reviews CHP systems, their components, modeling, and other topics concerning CHP systems operation. In addition, the demonstration facility will be discussed in detail presenting the various components and instrumentation. Furthermore, the energy analysis will be presented, examining the equations used to evaluate the raw data from the demonstration site. An uncertainty analysis will be presented for the experimental results. Raw data was collected for 7 months to present the following results. The combined cycle efficiency from the demonstration site was averaged at 29%. Maximum combined cycle efficiency was evaluated at 58%. The average combined boiler and engine cost, per hour of operation, is shown as $1.8 for heating and $3.9 for cooling. The cooling technology used, an absorption chiller, has been shown to exhibit an average COP of 0.27. The proposed SETR for the demonstration site is 22% and 15%, for heating and cooling, respectively. The conventional high-efficiency system, during cooling mode, was shown to have a COP of 4.7 with a combined cooling and building cost of $0.2/hour of operation. During heating mode, the conventional system had an efficiency of 47% with a fuel and building electrical cost of $0.28/hour of operation.

The main objective of this study is to develop a methodology which can be used to assess the economic potential for combined heat and power (CHP) systems to be employed in an effort to offset a portion or all of the conventionally supplied power and thermal energy at industrial manufacturing facilities. A methodology is developed which determines the economic considerations of proposed industrial CHP projects once the system configuration is specified. This methodology is then applied to a number of different industrial facilities in a parametric analysis in order to demonstrate how it can be used to assess the potential for success for CHP at industrial sites for a wide range of manufacturing processes. Many of the methodology inputs, such as facility operational hours, facility thermal load, etc. are then varied in order to determine how they affect the economic considerations of the corresponding project. Conclusions are subsequently made as to how each of these parameters can be indicative of project success before employing the methodology. This study focuses on industrial sites in the Southeast U.S., which historically have relatively low utility usage rates. The Southeast U.S. also lacks adequate policy applicable to CHP systems, such as net metering and interconnection standards rules, when compared to the rest of the country. It is for this reason that the methodology developed in this research assumes that a base load CHP system is the most economically viable CHP option and the current status of policy applicable to CHP at industrial facilities located in the Southeast U.S. is also investigated. The results of the parametric analysis are modified to determine if improved economics can be attained if the associated facilities engage in net metering programs. As a result, suggested net metering rates that can positively affect the economic considerations of industrial CHP projects in the Southeast U.S. are realized. Finally, a simple tool based on the methodology presented in this research was developed and can be used to calculate the project economics of an industrial facility CHP system.

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Combined Heat and Power (CHP) is the production of electricity and the simultaneous utilization of the heat produced by the generator prime mover. The energy efficiency advantages of CHP are undisputed, and yet, the continuously changing economic conditions make the implementation of such projects financially not viable if no incentives are available. This thesis attempts to demonstrate the economic benefits associated with DG-CHP. The identification and quantification of both benefits and costs to the different system stakeholders will serve to illustrate that additional DG-CHP installed capacity results in positive system wide benefits. Furthermore, it will be shown that there is justification to re-evaluate a more balanced allocation - among the different system stakeholders - of the benefits resulting from the implementation of DG-CHP technology in the New York State region.

This thesis investigates the different strategies of operation and optimization criteria that a CCHP system can be operated under. As energy concerns increase, a major issue for the United States will be the efficiency of energy production. Due to this desire for the most efficient supply of energy CCHP will play an increasingly important role in both domestic and commercial applications as waste heat utilization provides an added measure of efficiency. The different strategies of operation under which a CCHP system can be operated under, electric load following and thermal load following, are defined in addition to the different optimization criteria that a CCHP system can be operated under. The different strategies and optimization criteria of CCHP operation are simulated for five various climate regions in the United States and the results for primary energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and cost of operation are compared.

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<p><strong></strong>The aim of this Project is to study the influence of high return temperatures in district heating on the costs for heat and power production in a CHP plant.When the temperatures of the water coming back to the heating plant are so high, the overall performance of heat and power production is decreased and, consequently, also the production costs. Along the project, the influence of this temperature on the different parts of a CHP plant are analysed as well as the economical impact it has. At the same time, some general impacts on the entire network are mentioned.</p><p> </p><p>A real network is used in this project, and it is the net of district heating in Gävle (Sweden), and the most of the study is focus in its bigger combined heat and power production plant (CHP), called Johannes.</p>

The aim of this Project is to study the influence of high return temperatures in district heating on the costs for heat and power production in a CHP plant.When the temperatures of the water coming back to the heating plant are so high, the overall performance of heat and power production is decreased and, consequently, also the production costs. Along the project, the influence of this temperature on the different parts of a CHP plant are analysed as well as the economical impact it has. At the same time, some general impacts on the entire network are mentioned.   A real network is used in this project, and it is the net of district heating in Gävle (Sweden), and the most of the study is focus in its bigger combined heat and power production plant (CHP), called Johannes.

Efficiency of a ground source heat pump with thermal capacity of 6 kW determined in two differentlocations in Sweden. In the north side with low average temperature which could go down to -10 ᵒCand in the south side, with low average temperature with +2 ᵒC. The heat pump has refrigerantR407c, which could be connected to both, ground source heat feeding methods the horizontal, andthe vertical model. The heat pump give heat for both space heating and domestic hot watercompared the micro CHP which has thermal capacity of 12.5 kW and electrical capacity of 4.4 kW. Ithas IC engine which means the engine has internal combustion work. It also works with two kinds offuel, natural gas and propane MOZ 92; the energy and exergy of the fuel in micro CHP feeding thethermal process by heat. That heat used for space heating and domestic hot water after going outthe process for the cooling which keep the heat in storage tank and it heat the liquid to the gas to beused in the turbine to produce the electricity. The two locations in the north and south of Swedenwill influence the thermal operation and that influence power used for compressor for heat pumpand somehow the pump in the micro CHP. The study shows that the different in exergy and energyefficiency between these two heat technologies by located them in the locations. Higher efficiencyof the micro CHP which give the advantage of use Micro CHP some technology give the benefit byusing the fuel for producing the heating and electricity , the benefit which give the customer manybenefit shows in the study. That’s comparing with the heat pump which is large use in Sweden. Inthis paper will introduce Micro CHP as heating technology which has been used in the rest of Europecould be used in Sweden for future heating technology with electricity producing, shall change thecostumer from energy consumption costumer to producing costumer.