Water jetting as a means for removing anomalous materials from cast-in-drilled-hole (CIDH) piles was examined. The primary objective of this research was to establish empirical relationships between different jetting parameters and the removal of commonly occurring anomalous zone materials, including low-strength concrete, slurry mixed concrete, grout, and clay soil. Also investigated was the current standard-of-practice used by water jetting contractors within California. The testing specimens consisted of typical anomalous material with unconfined compressive strengths between 5 and 6,000 psi. The experimental work consisted of water blasting submerged specimens using rotary jets, nozzles, and pumping equipment typically used in construction practice. Two testing protocols were developed. The first testing protocol called for the nozzle to be held stationary and the second allowed the nozzle to be cycled up and down across the anomaly. During testing, material removal rates were measured as a function of jet pressure and standoff distance. Water blasted specimens were cut apart after testing to confirm erosion measurements and to permit inspection of the water blasted surfaces. Based on the results, erosion rates and the effectiveness of water jetting are primarily influenced by unconfined compressive strength, when using standard test equipment and jetting pressures. Further, aggregate size and material type in the anomalous material does not appear to influence both total erosion and erosion rate.

Submitted by Gisely Teixeira (gisely.teixeira@uniceub.br) on 2018-07-20T11:30:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 61500110.pdf: 1333321 bytes, checksum: d24b6715b3f7a90358e6658d486e126f (MD5) / Rejected by Fernanda Weschenfelder (fernanda.weschenfelder@uniceub.br), reason: mestrado on 2018-07-23T15:02:35Z (GMT) / Submitted by Gisely Teixeira (gisely.teixeira@uniceub.br) on 2019-01-14T15:43:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 61500110.pdf: 1333321 bytes, checksum: d24b6715b3f7a90358e6658d486e126f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Fernanda Weschenfelder (fernanda.weschenfelder@uniceub.br) on 2019-01-14T16:26:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 61500110.pdf: 1333321 bytes, checksum: d24b6715b3f7a90358e6658d486e126f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-14T16:26:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 61500110.pdf: 1333321 bytes, checksum: d24b6715b3f7a90358e6658d486e126f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Esta dissertação tem por objeto analisar o procedimento de solução amistosa de conflitos individuais de direitos humanos na CIDH, como mecanismo alternativo ao procedimento contencioso de análise de mérito. A solução amistosa é instrumento político-diplomático, para resolução não contenciosa e consensual de conflitos. A CIDH, órgão do Sistema Interamericano encarregado de promover a observância aos direitos humanos e a defesa deles, atua no procedimento de solução amistosa, para facilitar a negociação entre as partes e garantir o respeito aos direitos humanos protegidos internacionalmente. Justifica-se a pesquisa, para verificar se o processo não contencioso de resolução de conflitos é mais favorável à reparação das consequências de violação a direitos humanos, já que, por resultar do consenso entre as partes envolvidas, gera benefícios mútuos, em detrimento do processo contencioso, já que os Relatórios de Mérito da CIDH carecem de meios de execução coercitivos para o cumprimento a suas recomendações. A pesquisa permitiu concluir que a atuação da CIDH favorece o equilíbrio do poder de negociação e estimula a cooperação entre as partes; a flexibilização do trâmite processual possibilita a economia de atos processuais pela liberdade da forma do procedimento e pela possibilidade de reunião de petições em um só caso, mas não resulta, necessariamente, em celeridade do andamento processual, pois a CIDH prioriza o cumprimento às medidas de reparação negociadas entre as partes; auxilia a CIDH no cumprimento a sua função de promover a observância aos direitos humanos e a defesa destes e proporciona a satisfação da pretensão dos peticionários, já que estimula o Estado a cumprir voluntariamente a obrigação de reparar as consequências da violação a direitos humanos; por fim, possibilita terminação positiva do conflito para o Estado e evita a submissão do caso à Corte IDH, que poderia resultar em sentença condenatória com consequências políticas e econômicas mais gravosas.

The effectiveness of removing anomalous material from cast-in-drilled-hole (CIDH) piles by water jetting was examined. The primary objectives of this research were to examine how reinforcing steel influences water jetting and to evaluate how jetting pressures and standoff distance from the material surface affect water jetting of concrete type materials and PVC tubing. The experimental work consisted of water blasting submerged test specimens using rotary jets, nozzles, pumping equipment, and testing procedures currently used in construction practice. The concrete test specimens were comprised of ring- and cylinder-shaped samples, containing materials with compressive strengths of approximately 160 and 3,600 psi. Typical PVC tubing used as inspection access holes for non-destructive testing in CIDH piles was utilized for tubing specimens. During testing, erosion depths were measured as a function of standoff distance and jetting pressure. Water jetted specimens containing reinforcing steel were cut apart after testing to permit inspection of the erosion cavity and eroded material surfaces behind the steel reinforcement. Reinforcing steel bars in CIDH piles do interfere with the jet path and will locally influence material erosion and water-jetting effectiveness. For a relatively weak material, water-jetting pressures between 10,000 and 11,000 psi produced erosion up to a radial distance of approximately 12 inches from the water jet. This erosion distance is less than half the typical maximum design spacing of PVC inspection access tubing installed in CIDH piles.

En el presente trabajo, haremos un breve análisis del surgimiento y la evolución del derecho a la consulta previa de los pueblos indígenas, dando cuenta del desarrollo producido en su contenido y alcances, así como plantearemos algunas de las controversias jurídicas que se suscitan en su aplicación y los retos y dificultades políticas que implica su implementación efectiva.