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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Modelo experimental de tumor no pulmÃo com implante de cÃlulas tumorais por via intrabrÃnquica: avaliaÃÃo dos efeitos da Talidomida, Gefitinib e Paclitaxel / Experimental model of tumor in the lung with implantation of tumorais cells for saw intrabrÃnquica: evaluation of the effect of the Talidomida, Gefitinib and Paclitaxel

Antero Gomes Neto 04 October 2006 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O cÃncer de pulmÃo tem sido, na Ãltima dÃcada, a principal causa de morte por cÃncer no mundo, apesar do surgimento de novos quimioterÃpicos e das terapias alvo-direcionadas. Por isso, faz-se necessÃrio o entendimento das alteraÃÃes moleculares e biolÃgicas envolvidas nos processos de carcinogÃnese e crescimento tumoral, bem como o desenvolvimento de modelos experimentais adequados que permitam estudar o comportamento biolÃgico dos tumores de pulmÃo e o efeito de drogas antineoplÃsicas. O objetivo desse estudo foi desenvolver um modelo de tumor no pulmÃo em ratos imunocompetentes de execuÃÃo simples e fÃcil reprodutibilidade, e avaliar a atividade de drogas antitumorais. Cento e noventa e um ratos Wistar fÃmeas, peso mÃdio de 199Â23g, foram distribuÃdos ao acaso em trÃs etapas experimentais. Todos os animais foram anestesiados com tribromoetanol 2,5% (1 ml/100g de rato) intraperitonial (ip), traqueostomizados e intubados com cateter de polietileno 16G, seguindo-o por via intrabrÃnquica (ib) atà as porÃÃes inferiores do pulmÃo para inocular cÃlulas do tumor 256 de Walker. A 1a etapa (n=32) foi feita para estabelecer a tÃcnica do implante de cÃlulas por via ib e o Ãndice de pega tumoral, inoculando-se de 105 a 5Ã105 cÃlulas. A 2a etapa (n=16) para avaliar o volume tumoral no 5o dia do implante de 4Ã105 cÃlulas e correlacionar os achados da tomografia computadorizada de alta resoluÃÃo (TCAR) de tÃrax com os da necropsia. A 3a etapa (n=143) para a avaliar o efeito de drogas e validar o modelo, sendo dividida em duas fases. A 1a fase (n=72) para avaliar o volume tumoral no 5o ou 6o dia do implante de 4Ã105 cÃlulas do tumor, composta de cinco grupos: Grupo controle (Gc), NaCl 0,9% (1ml/gavagem); Grupo celecoxib (Gclx), 15, 30 e 60 mg/kg/dia/gavagem; Grupo talidomida (Gtld), 45 mg/kg/d/sc; Grupo gefitinib (Ggfb), 25 mg/kg/dia; Grupo talidominda + gefititinib (Gtld +gfb). A 2a fase (n=71) para avaliar a sobrevida dos animais, com seis grupos: Gc, Gclx (15, 30, 60), Gtld, Ggfb, Gtld + gfb, Grupo paclitaxel (Gpcl), 8 mg/kg ip. O Ãndice geral de pega do tumor com o implante 4Ã105 cÃlulas foi de 96% (149/155), sendo 90% na 1a etapa, 100% na 2a etapa e 96% na 3a etapa. A mortalidade cirÃrgica foi de 4,2% (8/191) e 21 animais foram excluÃdos do estudo por ausÃncia de tumor no pulmÃo, morte por infecÃÃo (abscesso pulmonar) e outras causas nÃo relacionadas com o tumor. Na 2a etapa, as medidas do tumor feitas na TCAR e comparadas com a necropsia foram semelhantes (r=0, 953, p<0,0001). Na 1a fase da 3a etapa, nÃo se observou diferenÃa no volume tumoral dos animais dos grupos tratados em relaÃÃo ao controle; e na 2a fase verificou-se aumento significante da sobrevida mediana dos animais tratados com TLD, GFB e PCL (13, 13 e 29 dias, respectivamente), em relaÃÃo ao controle (11dias), teste de Log Rank: p<0,001. Conclui-se que o modelo de tumor de pulmÃo por implantaÃÃo de cÃlulas tumorais por via intrabrÃnquica mostrou-se viÃvel, com alto Ãndice de pega e mortalidade cirÃrgica desprezÃvel, de execuÃÃo simples e fÃcil reprodutibilidade. A TCAR revelou-se um mÃtodo de imagem de alta acurÃcia no diagnÃstico, localizaÃÃo e mensuraÃÃo das lesÃes tumorais. O modelo mostrou-se eficaz na avaliaÃÃo de atividade antitumoral de drogas antineoplÃsicas como o paclitaxel, antiangiogÃnicas como a talidomida, e inibidores de tirosina quinase do EGFR como o gefitinib. / Lung cancer has been the main cause of death from cancer worldwide over the past decade in spite of the appearance of new chemotherapy drugs and targeted therapies. It is therefore necessary to clarify the molecular and biological changes involved in carcinogenesis and tumor growth and to develop experimental models for the study of the biology of lung tumors and the effects of antineoplastic drugs. The objective of the study was to develop a practical and easily reproducible lung tumor model using immunocompetent rats and to evaluate the activity of antineoplastic drugs. One hundred ninety-one female Wistar rats, with an average weight of 199Â23g, were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups. All animals were anesthetized intraperitonially (ip) with 2.5% tribromoetanol (1ml/100g live weight), tracheostomized and intubated with a polyethylene catheter (16G) guided intrabronchially (ib) to the bottom of the lung for inoculation with Walker 256 tumor cells. Group 1 (n=32) established the ib cell implant technique and the tumor take rate with inoculation of 105 to 5Ã105 cells. Group 2 (n=16) evaluated tumor volume on the fifth day of implant with 4Ã105 cells and correlated chest findings from high-resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) and necropsy. Group 3 (n=143) evaluated the effect of antineoplastic drugs and validated the model in two stages. Stage 1 (n=72) evaluated tumor volume on the fifth day of implant with 4Ã105 cells, divided into 5 groups: control (CG), 0.9% NaCl (1ml/gavage); celecoxib (Gclx), 15, 30 and 60mg/kg/day/gavage; thalidomide (Gtld), 45mg/kg/d/sc; gefitinib (Ggfb), 25mg/kg/day/gavage; and thalidomide + gefitinib (Gtld + gfb). Stage 2 (n=71) evaluted the survival of the animals divided into six groups: Gc, Gclx, Gtld, Ggfb, Gtld + gfb, and Gpcl (paclitaxel) 8mg/kg ip. The overal take rate for implants of 4Ã105 cells was 96% (149/155), specifically 90% in the first experimental group, 100% in the second and 96% in the third. Surgical mortality was 4.2% (8/191); 21 animals were excluded due to absence of tumor in the lung, death from infection (pulmonary abscess) and other causes not related to the tumor. In Group 2, measures obtained with HRCT and necropsy were similar (r=0, 953, p<0.0001). In the first stage of Group 3 no difference in tumor volume was observed between treated animals and controls; in the second stage median survival time was significantly extended in animals treated with TLD, GFB and PCL (13, 13 and 29 days, respectively) compared to controls (11 days) (Log Rank test: p<0.001). In conclusion, the present lung tumor model with intrabronchial tumor cell implantation was shown to be feasible and was associated with high tumor take rates, minor surgical mortality, simple execution and easy reproducibility. HRCT was found to be a highly accurate method of diagnosis, localization and tumor measurement. The model was efficient in the evaluation of the antitumoral activity of the antineoplastic drug paclitaxel, the antiangiogenic drug thalidomide, and the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib, making it a valid model for testing new drugs in lung cancer.

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