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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
551

Social anxiety and interpersonal threat: affective and behavioural reponses to perceptions of agency and communion in others' behaviour

Paul, David Cameron January 2009 (has links)
Major theoretical models of social anxiety disorder share the assumption that the perception of other people's behaviour is an integral component in the complex network of appraisals, emotions, and behaviours that underlies and perpetuates clinical symptoms. In spite of this, there have been few empirical attempts to examine the interpersonal perceptions of persons with social anxiety disorder. The purpose of the present research was to investigate relations between the perceptions, affect, and behaviour of a group of individuals diagnosed with generalized social anxiety disorder and a matched sample of control participants. The first phase of the investigation examined associations between participants' perceptions of dominance and warmth in the behaviour of others and their anxious affect during naturally occurring interpersonal interactions. The second phase investigated relations between participants' perceptions of dominance and warmth and their own behaviour in interpersonal interactions. For participants with social anxiety disorder, interactions in which others were perceived as low in warmth were hypothesized to be associated with increased anxious affect and with an affiliation-protective behavioural strategy characterized by increased agreeableness and decreased quarrelsomeness. Socially anxious individuals were also predicted to report particularly elevated anxiety during interactions in which they perceived others as both high in dominance and low in warmth, and to respond to that perception with a status-protective behavioural response characterized by increased submissiveness and decreased dominance. Consistent with these hypotheses, parti / Les modèles théoriques majeurs de troubles d'anxiété sociale partagent la présomption que la perception du comportement des autres est une composante intégrale dans le système complet des évaluations, des émotions, et des comportements qui sont à la base et qui perpétuent les symptômes cliniques. Toutefois, peu ont tenté d'examiner les perceptions interpersonnelles d'individus ayant des troubles d'anxiété sociale. Le but de l'étude présente était donc l'investigation des relations entre les perceptions, l'humeur, et le comportement d'un groupe d'individus diagnostiqués avec des troubles d'anxiété sociale généralisés ainsi que d'un groupe de participants contrôles. La première phase de l'étude examine l'association entre la perception des participants face à la dominance et l'affabilité dans le comportement des personnes avec lesquelles ils interagissent ainsi que leur anxiété pendant ces relations interpersonnelles spontanées. La seconde phase investigue la relation entre la perception des participants face a la dominance et l'affabilité et leur propre comportement lors d'interactions interpersonnelles. Pour les participants avec les troubles d'anxiété sociale, il a été supposé que les interactions pour lesquelles les autres furent perçu comme étant hypothétiquement peu affables soient associés a une élévation de leur anxiété ainsi qu'a une réaction comportementale protégeant le rang. Cette protection serait caractérisée par l'augmentation du comportement de submissivité et d'une augmentation de dominance. De plus, il est supposé que ces individus rapportent une hausse d'anxiété pendant les interactions dans lesquel
552

Treatment of schizoid personality| An analytic psychotherapy handbook

Wheeler, Zachary 24 January 2014 (has links)
<p> This volume presents a contemporary psychodynamic treatment for schizoid personality and related non-psychotic schizophrenia-spectrum personality disorders. Recent theoretical advances in psychodynamic nosology and important contributions from a century of psychoanalytic research on schizoid phenomenon are operationalized to provide clinicians with comprehensive suggestions with respect to assessment, technique, format, areas of thematic focus, countertransference, defense, and the process of change with schizoid patients. This handbook was developed as a Stage I treatment manual sufficient for an initial evaluation of feasibility and efficacy in clinical trials. Developing an understanding of the schizoid's personality organization and object relations is the ultimate goal of this handbook and the springboard from which treatment implications are suggested. New research on issues including attachment, neurobiology, etiological factors, relevant adjunct treatments, and medication are included to inform a broad and integrated approach to treatment. Short case vignettes are built in to help the practitioner understand how clinical theory becomes therapeutic process, while navigation tools, including outlines, indexes, summaries, and original flow sheets are included to summarize important concepts and reinforce learning. Self-adherence measures have been developed to aid the therapist in adhering to treatment guidelines. </p><p> <i>Keywords</i>: schizoid personality disorder, avoidant personality disorder, schizotypal personality disorder, transference-focused psychotherapy </p>
553

What women with bipolar disorder want to know about pregnancy

McGrath, Stephanie A. 28 January 2014 (has links)
<p> Bipolar disorder (BD) affects a significant proportion of women. Although a considerable amount of information is available to the public regarding the general treatment of BD, and although there has been a considerable amount of recent research about the treatment of BD during pregnancy that is aimed at healthcare providers, little information geared toward women with BD is available on the comprehensive and holistic management of BD during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to learn about women with BD's concerns and experiences related to pregnancy issues. Thirty-eight participants, including 20 women who reported being diagnosed with BD-I, and 18 women who reported being diagnosed with BD-II, participated in an open-ended online questionnaire (<i>n</i> = 31) or telephone survey (<i>n</i> = 7) which inquired about their concerns, fears, desired information, advice, and experiences related to BD and pregnancy. Qualitative thematic analysis identified six key findings: (a) women of childbearing years diagnosed with BD are profoundly concerned about pregnancy issues; (b) women with BD are afraid of harming their unborn children and babies; (c) women with BD are eager to educate themselves about pregnancy issues, and they are dissatisfied with the information they are finding; (d) women with BD want their healthcare providers to inform them of the risks associated with various treatment options during pregnancy, as well as pregnancy and mood issues; (e) women with BD recommend and desire psychotherapy during pregnancy, and they want to know how to include their partners in therapy; and (f) women with BD are concerned about their relationships with their healthcare providers.</p>
554

Cranial electrotherapy stimulation in the treatment of primary alcoholism

Malec, Tadeusz Stanislas January 1990 (has links)
The present study reports on the treatment of 62 primary alcoholic patients using either Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation (CES) or sham stimulation in a control group. The treatment consisted of half-hour sessions given five days per week during a four-week period. The variables analyzed included age, socio-demographic status, duration of alcohol dependence, frequency and volume of consumption, craving, and duration of sleep. Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS), Drinking Behavior Inventory (DBI), Symptoms Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90R), Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale for Depression, Hamilton Anxiety Scale and Diagnostic Interview Schedule concerning organic brain syndrome, were used. Laboratory tests included serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) and Mean Corpuscular volume (MCV). Significantly greater improvements were obtained in the active treatment group in the depression subscale and in the Positive Symptoms Distress Level of SCL-90R. The active stimulation reduced alcohol consumption significantly during weekends, but no significant difference in the average weekly consumption was observed between active and sham treatment groups. Consistently more favorable results were observed in the active treatment group in other dependent variables.
555

An exploration of the harbingers that differentiate the schizophrenia prodrome from a "bad patch"

Pierre, Krystle January 2010 (has links)
The prodrome includes symptoms that herald the onset of psychosis; however, community controls (CC) experience similar prodromal symptoms, or bad patches, without a later diagnosis. Furthermore, some schizophrenics (SZ) do not manifest prodromal symptoms prior to psychosis. The present study aims to explore: the risk factors that differentiate those patients and controls with and without a prodrome/bad patch; whether the prodrome differentiates SZ and CCs; and the symptom classifications of the prodrome/bad patch that differentiates SZ from CCs. Symptoms and risk factors were assessed among 186 participants (119 SZ: 67 CC). Childhood abuse, particularly emotional abuse, was more severe for those with a prodrome/bad patch. Moreover, the prodrome significantly differentiated between SZ and CCs. Among those with a prodrome/bad patch, childhood thought problems predicted SZ, while disorganized symptoms, especially memory, were more severe among CCs. The present study emphasizes the predictive value of the prodrome and the importance of early identification and intervention. / Le prodrome comprend des symptômes qui annoncent le début de la psychose; toutefois, les témoins de la communauté (TC) expérience de similaires symptômes prodromiques, ou de mauvaises passes, sans un diagnostic ultérieurement. En outre, certains schizophrènes (SZ) ne manifestent pas de symptômes avant-coureurs avant la psychose. La présente étude vise à explorer: les facteurs de risque qui différencient les patients des témoins avec et sans prodrome/mauvaise passe; le prodrome qui distingue les SZ des TC et la classifications des symptômes de la prodrome/mauvaise passe qui sépare les SZ des TC. Les symptômes et les facteurs de risques ont été évalués auprès de 185 participants (119 SZ : 67 TC). L'abus contre les enfants, en particulier les abus émotionnels, a été plus sévère pour ceux avec qui ont eu un prodrome/mauvaise passe. En outre, le prodrome différencie significativement les SZ des TC. Parmi les personnes qui ont eu un prodrome/mauvaise passe, les troubles de raisonnement durant l'enfance prédisent la schizophrénie, tandis que les symptômes désorganisés, notamment la mémoire, sont plus graves chez les témoins. La présente étude met l'accent sur la valeur prédictive du prodrome et sur l'importance de l'identification précoce et de l'intervention.
556

Youth gambling: exploring the relationships between impulsivity, depression, outcome expectancies and gambling involvement

Gillespie, Meredith January 2010 (has links)
This cross-sectional research study sought to explore how outcome expectancies can be integrated into broader models of youth gambling risk, by evaluating their relationships with two known common determinants of gambling problems: impulsivity and depression. A modified version of the Gambling Expectancy Questionnaire (Gillespie, Derevensky, & Gupta, 2007a) was used to measure the salience of positive and negative expectancy constructs among a large sample of youth (ages 16-21; n = 1,123; males = 488, females = 635). In addition, to further examine the relationship between impulsivity and gambling behaviour among youth, a multidimensional impulsivity construct (Lynam, Smith, Whiteside, & Cyders, 2006) was employed for this research. As it was important to explore the relationships between outcome expectancies, impulsivity and depression from different perspectives of gambling involvement, gambling behaviour was operationalized in two different ways - as gambling participation (non-gambler vs. gambler) and subsequently as gambling severity (social gambler vs. problem gambler). Sequential logistic regression analyses were performed separately for males and females with age and substance use being employed as covariates. Due to a lack of female problem gamblers, the relationships between variables in the prediction of gambling severity were only explored for males. The results indicate that Enjoyment/Arousal expectancies are significant predictors of male and female gambling participation. For females, these expectancies appear to mediate the relationship between Sens ation-Avoidance and gambling participation. In contrast, Self-Enhancement expectancies appear to partially mediate the relationship between Positive Urgency impulsivity and gambling severity for males. Thus, the findings suggest that the outcome expectancies involved in decisions to initiate gambling may differ from those that maintain the behaviour. Moreover, the facet of impulsivity that serves as a / Cette étude transversale visait à explorer comment les attentes positives et négatives peuvent être intégrées dans un modèle élargi du jeu chez les jeunes en évaluant leur relation avec deux déterminants connus des problèmes de jeu: l'impulsivité et la dépression. Une version modifiée du Gambling Expectancy Questionnaire (Ref) a été utilisée pour mesurer l'importance des attentes positives et négatives parmi un grand échantillon de jeunes (16-21 ans; n = 1123; 488 garçons et 635 filles). De plus, nous avons utilisé un construit multidimensionnel de l'impulsivité (Ref) pour examiner la relation entre l'impulsivité et les comportements de jeu chez les jeunes. Comme il est important d'explorer la relation entre l'attente des résultats, l'impulsivité et la dépression en adoptant diverses perspectives de la pratique du jeu, le comportement de jeu à été opérationnalisé de deux façons : selon la participation au jeu (non joueur ou joueur) et selon la gravité du comportement de jeu (joueur social ou joueur problématique). Des analyses de régression logistique séquentielle ont été exécutées séparément pour les garçons et les filles avec l'âge et la consommation de substance comme covariables. Étant donné le manque de joueuses problématiques parmi les filles, les analyses sur la gravité du comportement de jeu ont été faites pour les garçons seulement. Les résultats ont indiqué que les attentes plaisir/excitation sont un prédicteur significatif de la participation au jeu chez les filles et chez les garçons. Pour les filles, ces attentes semblent médiatiser la relation entre l'évitement de sensations et la participation au jeu. Par ailleurs, les attentes d'autopromotion semblent médiatiser partiellement la relation entre l'urgence positive (impulsivité) et la gravité du comportement de jeu chez les garçons. Ainsi, ces résultats suggèrent que les attentes impliquées dans la prise de décision initiale de s'engag
557

Longitudinal and Neuroimaging Investigation of Executive Functions in Subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Dépatie, Lana January 2011 (has links)
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a commonly occurring psychiatric disorder of childhood. The criteria for diagnosis include symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. The current conceptualization of the disorder divides affected individuals into subtypes, with the two most common being ADHD-Predominantly Inattentive and ADHD-Combined (inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity). There is longstanding debate in the literature about whether the Inattentive and Combined subtypes are more correctly conceived as different forms of the same disorder or distinct diagnostic entities. The experiments in this dissertation investigate similarities and differences between the ADHD-Inattentive and ADHD-Combined subtypes in several domains. Specifically, we used eye movement tasks to investigate the subtypes' executive function profile in early adolescence (Experiment 1); compared the subtypes' response to methylpheniate (Experiment 2); evaluated the longitudinal course of executive functioning (Experiment 3); and studied the neural underpinnings of executive functioning (Experiment 4). The Inattentive and Combined subtypes had different executive function profiles in early adolescence: ADHD-Combined participants were impaired in our measure of response inhibition (antisaccades) and motor planning (predictive saccades) but not in task-switching; the ADHD-Inattentives were unimpaired on all our tasks. Methylphenidate improved response inhibition and motor planning but did not affect task-switching. The magnitude of response to methylphenidate was similar in the two ADHD groups. When the participants were followed up in late adolescence, clinical symptoms and executive functioning had improved significantly in both subtypes. However, both groups continued to show significant symptoms compared to Controls. The Combined participants remained impaired in response inhibition, but their motor planning deficits had remitted. In a timing reproduction task, they were impaired at short (2-10s) intervals compared to both the Inattentive group and Controls. There were no differences between the subtypes in adaptive functioning but the ADHD participants as a whole had reduced adaptive functioning compared to Controls. Antisaccade errors at follow-up were significantly related to one of the adaptive measures, number of arrests.Our fMRI study of the antisaccade task found that both subtypes had performance impairments compared to Controls when in the scanner. Both subtypes had reduced activation in frontal-subcortical circuitry. The ADHD-C participants also had lower activation than both Controls and the ADHD-I group in dorsal parietal lobe. Frontal and parietal activation was related to antisaccade errors, and parietal activation was also related to parent ratings of ADHD symptoms.Although it is not possible to draw definitive conclusions, our data suggest that the two subtypes may be distinct disorders. This conclusion is based on the neural activation differences in the scanner and the neurocognitive differences in the lab. Although some similarities between the subtypes were observed (methylphenidate response, impairments in adaptive functioning and frontal-subcortical involvement), these are not specific to ADHD and are arguably a tenuous basis on which to continue grouping two distinct clinical presentations into a single disorder. Nonetheless, the conclusion is tentative and would be strengthened both by replication in a larger sample and by data suggesting distinct etiologies (e.g. liability genes) for the two subtypes. / Le Trouble Déficitaire de l'Attention avec Hyperactivité (TDAH) est un désordre psychiatrique de l'enfance. Ce trouble est caractérisé par des symptômes d'inattention et d'hyperactivité/impulsivité. La conceptualisation actuelle du trouble divise les individus affectés en sous-types, les deux sous-types les plus fréquents étant le TDAH-Inattentif (inattention) et TDAH-Combiné (inattention et hyperactivité/impulsivité). Il existe un débat de longue date quant à savoir si les sous-types Inattentif et Combiné sont plus correctement conçus comme différentes formes du même désordre ou comme deux diagnostics distincts.Les expériences dans cette thèse évaluent les similitudes et les différences entre le TDAH-Inattentif et le TDAH-Combiné dans plusieurs domaines. Nous avons utilisé des tâches de mouvements oculaires pour évaluer le fonctionnement exécutif des sous-types en début d'adolescence, comparé leur réponse au méthylphénidate (Ritalin), examiné l'évolution longitudinale de leur fonctionnement exécutif, et étudié la base neurale de leur fonctionnement exécutif.Les sous-types Inattentif et Combiné ont démontré différents profils de fonctions exécutives en début d'adolescence: les participants ayant le TDAH-Combiné ont eu des déficits sur nos mesures d'inhibition (antisaccades) et de planification motrice (saccades prévisibles), mais pas sur notre mesure de «changement de tâche». Les participants du groupe TDAH-Inattentif ne démontrèrent aucun déficit à nos tâches.Le méthylphénidate a amélioré les fonctions d'inhibition et de planification motrice, mais n'a pas affecté le «changement de tâche». L'ampleur de la réponse au méthylphénidate fut semblable pour les deux groupes de TDAH.En fin d'adolescence, les symptômes cliniques et le fonctionnement exécutif s'étaient améliorés de façon significative chez les deux sous-types. Toutefois, les deux groupes ont continué à démontrer des symptômes cliniques significatifs comparativement aux témoins. Les participants de type Combinés continuèrent à démontrer des déficits d'inhibition, mais leurs déficits de planification motrice n'étaient plus observés. Sur une tâche de reproduction du temps, ils ont montré un déficit pour la reproduction de courtes intervalles (2-10 secondes) comparativement aux Inattentifs et aux témoins. Il n'y a pas eu de différences entre les sous-types (Inattentif vs Combiné) en ce qui concerne le fonctionnement adaptatif, mais les participants TDAH en général démontrèrent un moins bon fonctionnement adaptatif que les témoins. Les erreurs d'antisaccade en fin d'adolescence furent significativement reliées au nombre d'arrestation.Notre étude d'imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle de la tâche d'antisaccade trouva que la performance des deux sous-types dans le scanner était déficiente comparativement aux témoins. Les deux sous-types ont démontré une activation diminuée du circuit frontal-sous-cortical. Les participants du type Combiné ont aussi démontré une activation réduite du lobe pariétal supérieur comparativement aux témoins et au group Inattentif. L'activité frontale et du lobe pariétal fut associée aux erreurs d'antisaccade. De plus, on a noté une association significative entre l'activité du lobe pariétal et les symptômes de TDAH.Nos données suggèrent que les deux sous-types de TDAH sont des troubles distincts. Cette conclusion est basée sur les différences d'activation neurale et les différences aux profils neurocognitifs obtenues en laboratoire. Bien que certaines similitudes entre les sous-types aient été observées (la réponse au méthylphénidate, difficultés au niveau du fonctionnement adaptatif et l'implication du circuit frontal-sous-cortical), celles-ci ne sont pas spécifiques au TDAH et semblent former une base fragile afin de continuer de grouper ces deux groupes en un seul désordre. Néanmoins, nos conclusions demeurent provisoires en attendant que nos résultats soient répliqués avec de plus grands échantillons.
558

Anxiety, applied tension, and vasovagal symptoms in blood donors

Holly, Crystal January 2012 (has links)
Vasovagal symptoms include feelings of dizziness, lightheadedness, nausea and may even culminate in vasovagal syncope, commonly known as a faint. There is a well-documented association between blood, injection and injury (BII) fears and experiencing vasovagal symptoms. Applied Tension (AT) is a behavioural technique that involves repeated tensing and releasing of upper- and lower-body muscles in 5-second intervals while maintaining steady, regular breathing. This repeated tensing prevents the rapid drop in blood pressure that occurs during vasovagal reactions. There is well documented literature supporting the effectiveness of this technique, however, the mechanisms through which it is works are not well understood. This research explored the relationship among vasovagal symptoms, BII fears and AT. The first aim was to explore if AT is effective in reducing vasovagal symptoms in part through anxiety reduction. The second aim built upon this idea and sought the optimal timing of AT in reducing vasovagal symptoms. In Manuscript One, a principally laboratory-based study with a supplementary review of clinical data, physiological measures were obtained while participants watched a video depicting blood draws. AT reduced vasovagal symptoms in higher fear females. This reduction in symptoms was due more to decreases in anxiety than exercise-related cardiovascular change. In Manuscript Two, a randomized clinical trial, AT was applied prior-to, during, or both prior-to and during blood donation. AT was effective in reducing vasovagal symptoms in blood donors, particularly when practiced prior to donation. Donors that used AT prior to donation required less treatment in the blood donor clinic for vasovagal reactions than individuals who did not. Again, these results support the notion that the effects of AT are not only due to exercise-related cardiovascular change and that they may be through a reduction of anxiety. In sum, these findings suggest that AT is an effective treatment of vasovagal symptoms and syncope and that anxiety reduction plays an important role. Future research is recommended on the role of anxiety in the vasovagal response. / Les symptômes vasovagaux comprennent des sensations d'étourdissement, des nausées et peuvent même aboutir à une syncope vasovagale, connue sous le nom de perte de connaissance. Il existe une association bien documentée entre les craintes associées au sang, aux injections et aux blessures, et les symptômes vasovagaux. La tension musculaire appliquée (TMA) est une technique comportementale qui consiste à contracter certains muscles de façon répétitive par cycles de 5 secondes tout en maintenant une respiration régulière et constante. Ces contractions répétitives empêchent la chute rapide de la pression sanguine qui survient au cours des réactions vasovagaux. Il existe une littérature bien documentée montrant l'efficacité de cette technique, cependant les mécanismes aux travers desquels elle est efficace ne sont pas bien compris. Cette recherche à exploré la relation entre les symptômes vasovagaux les craintes associées au sang, aux injections et aux blessures, et la TMA. Le premier objectif de cette recherche est d'étudier si la technique de la TMA est efficace pour réduire les symptômes vasovagaux en partie due à la réduction de l'anxiété. Le deuxième objectif repose sur la théorie que la technique de la TMA est efficace grâce à la réduction de l'anxiété et explore quel el le timing optimal de TMA pour réduire les symptômes vasovagaux. Dans le « Manuscript One », consistant d'une étude mise en œuvre principalement en laboratoire et complémentée d'une recherche de données cliniques, des mesures physiologiques ont été obtenues alors que les participants regardaient une vidéo montrant une prise de sang. La TMA a réduit les symptômes vasovagaux chez les femmes aves des peurs médicales plus élevées. Cependant cette réduction des symptômes est davantage attribuable à une diminution de l'anxiété, plutôt qu'à des changements cardiovasculaires liés à l'exercice. Dans le « Manuscript Two », lors d'un essai clinique randomisé, la TMA a été appliquée avant, pendant, ou bien avant et pendant le don de sang. La technique de la TMA réduit efficacement les symptômes vasovagaux chez les donneurs de sang, en particulier lorsqu'elle a été pratiquée avant le don. Les donneurs qui avaient pratiqué la TMA avant le don de sang avaient besoin de moins de traitement dans la clinique pour les réactions vasovagaux que les donneurs de sang qui n'avaient pas pratiqué la TMA. Encore une fois, ces résultats confirment la notion selon laquelle les effets de l'AT ne sont pas seulement dus à des changements cardiovasculaires liés à l'exercice, et que la réduction de l'anxiété joue un rôle. En somme, ces résultats suggèrent fortement que l'AT est un traitement efficace des symptômes et de la syncope vasovagale et que la réduction de l'anxiété joue un rôle. Des recherches futures sont recommandées sur le rôle de l'anxiété dans la réponse vasovagale.
559

A controlled study of effectiveness and patient suitability for short-term group psychotherapy /

McCallum, Mary January 1989 (has links)
A controlled, clinical trial investigation of short-term psychoanalytically oriented group psychotherapy (STG) was conducted which included eight psychotherapy groups led by experienced therapists. Patient psychological mindedness (PM) was investigated as a selection criterion and prognostic variable. Seventy-nine psychiatric outpatients experiencing prolonged or delayed grief reactions were matched for level of PM and then randomly assigned to STG or to a wait list. There was repeated measurement of several areas and sources of outcome. Results indicated a strong main effect for STG but not for PM on outcome, and some evidence of an interaction effect. Benefits were maintained at six-month follow-up. Psychological mindedness emerged as highly predictive of attrition and moderately predictive of psychodynamic work. Psychodynamic work was monitored by process analysis ratings and was modestly related to outcome. Methodological limitations, clinical significance, clinical implications, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
560

The adaptive role of shyness: An application of Gestalt theory /

Miner, Eugene Harold. Unknown Date (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, 1988. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 49-08, Section: B, page: 3449. Chairman: Karl Mueller.

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