O presente estudo teve como objetivos: verificar os níveis de afetividade e de conflito nas díades pai-mãe, pai-filho, (subsistema parental), identificar a ocorrência de sintomas depressivos, problemas comportamentais e cognitivos nas crianças de 9 a 11 anos, identificar sintomas depressivos nos pais e mães, buscar compreender a história de vida do pai e da mãe em suas famílias de origem, descrever a percepção que pai/marido e mãe/esposa têm do alcoolismo e suas conseqüências para as relações familiares. Participaram deste estudo quatorze famílias cujo pai era alcoolistas e tinham filhos na faixa etária entre 9 e 11 anos. Os critérios de inclusão do grupo foram: pai alcoolista com diagnóstico de dependência de álcool, isto de acordo com a décima versão da Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID-10) para transtornos mentais e comportamentais devidos ao uso de álcool, intoxicação aguda (F.10.0), e com eventuais co-morbidades, por exemplo: tabagismo, depressão e ansiedade. E tivesse no mínimo cinco anos de convivência com a esposa e os filhos. Os pais deveriam ter vínculo conjugal (oficial ou consensual). As crianças não deveriam apresentar déficits sensoriais e neurológicos evidente, históricos de ferimento na cabeça, ainda, não estarem em atendimento psicológico e /ou psiquiátrico e não terem histórico de uso ou de dependência química. A mãe não deveria apresentar dependência de álcool e drogas, podendo ser incluído mãe tabagista. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: roteiro de identificação familiar, Familiograma, Genograma e roteiro sobre o histórico de alcoolismo. Os instrumentos para avaliação das variáveis pessoais da criança foram: Escala Comportamental Infantil A2 de Rutter (ECI), Inventário de Depressão Infantil (IDI), Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven. Para avaliar sinais de depressão nos pais e mães foi utilizado o Inventário de Beck de Depressão. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de três visitas para as famílias, com horário e dia marcados com os pais. Os resultados revelaram: a percepção de mais afetividade na relação mãe e filho e mais conflito na relação conjugal, sugerindo que existe mais proximidade entre mãefilho e distanciamento na relação pai-filho. A história da família de origem dos pais revelou que os mesmos foram filhos de pais alcoolistas e tiveram um relacionamento mais próximo com suas mães e distante com seus pais. Ao correlacionar o nível de afetividade de mães com seus filhos e com a presença de sintomas de depressão e problemas de comportamento observa-se que quanto mais afetividade o filho percebe em sua relação com a mãe menos sinais de depressão ele apresenta e menos sinais de problemas de comportamento. Pesquisar as relações de famílias alcoolistas pode contribuir para identificar as variáveis familiares que estão interferindo nesse percurso, planejar projetos de intervenções que incluam a família auxiliando o paciente alcoolista a restabelecer sua vida familiar e, conseqüentemente, diminuir as chances desta criança de desenvolver uma dependência. / The present study aimed to verify the levels of affection and conflict in fathermother and father-son dyads (parental subsystem); to identify the occurrence of depressive symptoms, behavioral and cognitive problems in children from 9 to 11 years old; to identify depressive symptoms in their fathers and mothers as well as to understand the father\'s and mother\'s life history in their original families, to describe the perception that father/husband and mother/wife have about alcoholism and its consequences to the families relations. Participated from this study fourteen families whose father was alcoholics and their children. The inclusion criteria were: alcoholic father with diagnostic of the alcohol dependence according to the tenth version from the diagnostic criterion- CID 10- Disease International Classification for mental and behaviors disorders due to use of alcohol (F. 10.0) and eventual comorbities, for example, smoking, depression and anxiety; with children from 9 to 11 years old and had in the minimum five years of living together with the wife and the children; the parents must have conjugal bonds (official or consensus). The children could not have sensorial neurological disorders and history of the head injuries and were not attending psychological and/ or psychiatry treatment and did not have historical of using chemical dependence. The mother should not show dependence from alcohol and drugs, could be included tobacco user mother. The instruments were: family identification guide, Familiogram, Genogram and an interview guide about history of alcohol consumption. The instruments to assess personal characteristics of the children were: Child Behavioral Scale A2, Infant Depression Inventory (IDI), Ravens\'s Coloured Progressive Matrices. To evaluate depressive symptoms in fathers and mothers it was used the Beck Depression Inventory. Data were collected by means of three home visits to the families, with time and day scheduled with the parents. Results showed that the subjects of the present study perceived more affectivity in mother-child relationship and more conflict in father-mother relationship. The family history showed that the parents were themselves children of alcoholics and had a closer relationship with their mothers and a distant relationship with their fathers. Comparing the level of affectivity of mothers with their children and child depressive symptoms and behavioral problems revealed that the more affectivity in mother-child relationship the less behavioral and depressive symptoms in the child. Understanding the family members relationships can contribute to identify family characteristics that play a significant role in alcoholics families and help in family intervention planning to restore family life and prevent children to become alcoholics.

O presente estudo teve como objetivos: verificar os níveis de afetividade e de conflito nas díades pai-mãe, pai-filho, (subsistema parental), identificar a ocorrência de sintomas depressivos, problemas comportamentais e cognitivos nas crianças de 9 a 11 anos, identificar sintomas depressivos nos pais e mães, buscar compreender a história de vida do pai e da mãe em suas famílias de origem, descrever a percepção que pai/marido e mãe/esposa têm do alcoolismo e suas conseqüências para as relações familiares. Participaram deste estudo quatorze famílias cujo pai era alcoolistas e tinham filhos na faixa etária entre 9 e 11 anos. Os critérios de inclusão do grupo foram: pai alcoolista com diagnóstico de dependência de álcool, isto de acordo com a décima versão da Classificação Internacional de Doenças (CID-10) para transtornos mentais e comportamentais devidos ao uso de álcool, intoxicação aguda (F.10.0), e com eventuais co-morbidades, por exemplo: tabagismo, depressão e ansiedade. E tivesse no mínimo cinco anos de convivência com a esposa e os filhos. Os pais deveriam ter vínculo conjugal (oficial ou consensual). As crianças não deveriam apresentar déficits sensoriais e neurológicos evidente, históricos de ferimento na cabeça, ainda, não estarem em atendimento psicológico e /ou psiquiátrico e não terem histórico de uso ou de dependência química. A mãe não deveria apresentar dependência de álcool e drogas, podendo ser incluído mãe tabagista. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: roteiro de identificação familiar, Familiograma, Genograma e roteiro sobre o histórico de alcoolismo. Os instrumentos para avaliação das variáveis pessoais da criança foram: Escala Comportamental Infantil A2 de Rutter (ECI), Inventário de Depressão Infantil (IDI), Matrizes Progressivas Coloridas de Raven. Para avaliar sinais de depressão nos pais e mães foi utilizado o Inventário de Beck de Depressão. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de três visitas para as famílias, com horário e dia marcados com os pais. Os resultados revelaram: a percepção de mais afetividade na relação mãe e filho e mais conflito na relação conjugal, sugerindo que existe mais proximidade entre mãefilho e distanciamento na relação pai-filho. A história da família de origem dos pais revelou que os mesmos foram filhos de pais alcoolistas e tiveram um relacionamento mais próximo com suas mães e distante com seus pais. Ao correlacionar o nível de afetividade de mães com seus filhos e com a presença de sintomas de depressão e problemas de comportamento observa-se que quanto mais afetividade o filho percebe em sua relação com a mãe menos sinais de depressão ele apresenta e menos sinais de problemas de comportamento. Pesquisar as relações de famílias alcoolistas pode contribuir para identificar as variáveis familiares que estão interferindo nesse percurso, planejar projetos de intervenções que incluam a família auxiliando o paciente alcoolista a restabelecer sua vida familiar e, conseqüentemente, diminuir as chances desta criança de desenvolver uma dependência. / The present study aimed to verify the levels of affection and conflict in fathermother and father-son dyads (parental subsystem); to identify the occurrence of depressive symptoms, behavioral and cognitive problems in children from 9 to 11 years old; to identify depressive symptoms in their fathers and mothers as well as to understand the father\'s and mother\'s life history in their original families, to describe the perception that father/husband and mother/wife have about alcoholism and its consequences to the families relations. Participated from this study fourteen families whose father was alcoholics and their children. The inclusion criteria were: alcoholic father with diagnostic of the alcohol dependence according to the tenth version from the diagnostic criterion- CID 10- Disease International Classification for mental and behaviors disorders due to use of alcohol (F. 10.0) and eventual comorbities, for example, smoking, depression and anxiety; with children from 9 to 11 years old and had in the minimum five years of living together with the wife and the children; the parents must have conjugal bonds (official or consensus). The children could not have sensorial neurological disorders and history of the head injuries and were not attending psychological and/ or psychiatry treatment and did not have historical of using chemical dependence. The mother should not show dependence from alcohol and drugs, could be included tobacco user mother. The instruments were: family identification guide, Familiogram, Genogram and an interview guide about history of alcohol consumption. The instruments to assess personal characteristics of the children were: Child Behavioral Scale A2, Infant Depression Inventory (IDI), Ravens\'s Coloured Progressive Matrices. To evaluate depressive symptoms in fathers and mothers it was used the Beck Depression Inventory. Data were collected by means of three home visits to the families, with time and day scheduled with the parents. Results showed that the subjects of the present study perceived more affectivity in mother-child relationship and more conflict in father-mother relationship. The family history showed that the parents were themselves children of alcoholics and had a closer relationship with their mothers and a distant relationship with their fathers. Comparing the level of affectivity of mothers with their children and child depressive symptoms and behavioral problems revealed that the more affectivity in mother-child relationship the less behavioral and depressive symptoms in the child. Understanding the family members relationships can contribute to identify family characteristics that play a significant role in alcoholics families and help in family intervention planning to restore family life and prevent children to become alcoholics.

Low voltage, low power amplifiers are proposed. One of the operational amplifiers is an Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) with wide input and output swing and constant gm. The second and third amplifiers are high-performance Current Operational amplifiers (COAs). All amplifiers have power supply as low as one threshold voltage plus two overdrive voltage. In this thesis, the supply voltage is 1V. Simulation results show that the OTA has the maximum linear range over 0.7V. The transconductance can be 147£gA/V, the power consumption is 0.133mW. There are two designs of the COA. Simulation results show COA(1) with a current gain of 143. The input impedance is 110£[, the output impedance is 240K£[ and the power consumption is 0.15mW. In the simulation results of the COA(2), the current gain is 110. The DC power dissipation is 0.07mW. The input and output impedance are 95£[ and 500K£[, respectively. All the proposed amplifiers are implemented on a TSMC 0.35£gm 2p4m CMOS process technology and analyzed using HSPICE.

This work deals with character-based DNA barcoding. DNA barcoding and character-based DNA barcoding methods are described in the introduction. Another part contains information of method CAOS (Characteristic Attributes Organization) and method BLOG (Barcoding with LOGic). Programs are described in the practical part. The end contains results.

Graduation date: 2006 / Presented on 2005-12-02 / An empirical statistical model is developed that relates the non-tidal motion of the ocean surface currents off the Oregon coast to forecasts of the coastal winds. The empirical statistical model is then used to produce predictions of the surface currents that are evaluated for their agreement with measured currents. Measurements of the ocean surface currents were made at 6 km resolution using Long-Range CODAR SeaSonde high-frequency (HF) surface current mappers and wind forecasts were provided at 12 km resolution by the North American Mesoscale (NAM) model. First, the response of the surface currents to wind-forcing measured by five coastal National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) stations was evaluated using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. A significant correlation of approximately 0.8 was found between the majority of the variability in the seasonal anomalies of the low-pass filtered surface currents and the seasonal anomalies of the low-pass filtered wind stress measurements. The U and the V components of the measured surface currents were both shown to be forced by the zonal and meridional components of the wind-stress at the NDBC stations. Next, the NAM wind forecasts were tested for agreement with the measurements of the wind at the NDBC stations. Significant correlations of around 0.8 for meridional wind stress and 0.6 for zonal wind stress were found between the seasonal anomalies of the low-pass filtered wind stress measured by the NDBC stations and the seasonal anomalies of the low-pass filtered wind stress forecast by the NAM model. Given the amount of the variance in the winds captured by the NAM model and the response of the ocean surface currents to both components of the wind, bilinear regressions were formed relating the seasonal anomalies of the low-pass filtered NAM forecasts to the seasonal anomalies of the low-pass filtered surface currents. The regressions turned NAM wind forecasts into predictions of the seasonal anomalies of the low-pass filtered surface currents. Calculations of the seasonal cycle in the surface currents, added to these predicted seasonal anomalies, produced a non-tidal estimation of the surface currents that allowed a residual difference to be calculated from recent surface current measurements. The sum of the seasonal anomalies, the seasonal cycle, and the residual formed a prediction of the non-tidal surface currents. The average error in this prediction of the surface currents off the Oregon coast remained less than 4 cm/s out through 48 hours into the future.