In this thesis, we propose a new way to generate orthogonal code distinct from complete complementary (CC) code and Super CC code but it still have ideal auto-correlation and cross-correlation property. We also introduce the concept of correlation and propose six rules to determine if the code generated by different ways are the same.After that we use the rules on orthogonal matrix and find a new way to generate orthogonal matrix different from Hadamard marix. Then we will use this marix in 2-D orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) code and generate similar codes.

Stora och komplexa kodbaser med bristfällig kodförståelse är ett problem som blir allt vanligare bland företag idag. Bristfällig kodförståelse resulterar i längre tidsåtgång vid underhåll och modifiering av koden, vilket för ett företag leder till ökade kostnader. Clean Code anses enligt somliga vara lösningen på detta problem. Clean Code är en samling riktlinjer och principer för hur man skriver kod som är enkel att förstå och underhålla. Ett kunskapsglapp identifierades vad gäller empirisk data som undersöker Clean Codes påverkan på kodförståelse. Studiens frågeställning var: Hur påverkas förståelsen vid modifiering av kod som är refaktoriserad enligt Clean Code principerna för namngivning och att skriva funktioner? För att undersöka hur Clean Code påverkar kodförståelsen utfördes ett fältexperiment tillsammans med företaget CGM Lab Scandinavia i Borlänge, där data om tidsåtgång och upplevd förståelse hos testdeltagare samlades in och analyserades. Studiens resultat visar ingen tydlig förbättring eller försämring av kodförståelsen då endast den upplevda kodförståelsen verkar påverkas. Alla testdeltagare föredrar Clean Code framför Dirty Code även om tidsåtgången inte påverkas. Detta leder fram till slutsatsen att Clean Codes effekter kanske inte är omedelbara då utvecklare inte hunnit anpassa sig till Clean Code, och därför inte kan utnyttja det till fullo. Studien ger en fingervisning om Clean Codes potential att förbättra kodförståelsen. / Summary: Big and complex codebases with inadequate understandability, is a problem which is becoming more common among companies today. Inadequate understandability leads to bigger time requirements when maintaining code, which means increased costs for a company. Clean Code is according to some people the solution to this problem. Clean Code is a collection of guidelines and principles for how to write code which is easy to understand and maintain. A gap of knowledge was identified, as there is little empirical data that investigates how Clean Code affects understandability. This lead to the following the question: How is the understandability affected when modifying source code which has been refactored according to the Clean Code principles regarding names and functions? In order to investigate how Clean Code affects understandability, a field experiment was conducted in collaboration with the company CGM Lab Scandinavia in Borlänge. In the field experiment data in the form of time and experienced understandability was collected and analyzed.The result of this study doesn’t show any clear signs of immediate improvements or worsening when it comes to understandability. This is because even though all participants prefer Clean Code, this doesn’t show in the measured time of the experiment. This leads me to the conclusion that the effects of Clean Code aren’t immediate, since developers hasn’t been able to adapt to Clean Code, and therefore are not able to utilize its benefits properly. This study gives a hint of the potential Clean Code has to improve understandability

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1989 / Town & Country Hotel & Convention Center, San Diego, California / In this paper, twelve optimum group synchronization codes (n=31 to 42) for PCM telemetry systems are presented. They are the newest achievements up to now.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 29-November 02, 1990 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / In this paper, twenty-four optimum group synchronization codes (N=31 to 54) for PCM telemetry systems are presented. These optimum codes are the newest development at the category of optimum group synchronization codes up to now in the world.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 29-November 02, 1990 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / In this Paper, the time-assisting code techique capable of defeating the repeat jamming is presented. The construction and antijamming performance of this technique are described and analyzed. This technique not only is robust to repeat jamming of Remote Control/Telemetring and Communication Systems, but also is used in multi-address remote control/ telemetring, multi-address communication and radar systems.

Thesis (MMus) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2015. / This study details the design of an audible QR Code. The audible QRCode seeks to increase the rate of information exchanged in a human interaction and increase the quality of communication by altering the delivery medium of a QRCode. The delivery medium is changed from a two dimensional bar code to a audio signal. The design is discussed in detail grounded on telecommunication theory including signal modulation, packet construction and error correction. Three techniques were tested in order to reduce the possible intrusive characteristics of the audible QR Code on media content. The commercial uses of the audible QR Code is discussed as well as possible competitions and the advantages it has over the traditional visual QR Code. / Hierdie studie verduidelik die ontwerp van ’n hoorbare QR-Kode. Die hoorbare QR-Kode se doel is om die hoeveelheid inligting wat verruil word gedurende menslike interaksies te verhoog en ook om die kwaliteit van die kommunikasie te verbeter deur die afleweringsmedium van ’n QR-kode te verander. Die medium word verander van n visuele tweedimensionele streepkode na ’n klanksein. Die ontwerp word in diepte bespreek gegrond op die telekommunikasie teorie wat seinmodulasie, datapakkonstruksie en foutkorreksie insluit. Daar word drie tegnieke getoets wat ontwerp is om die indringende eienskappe van die Hoorbare QR-Kode te verminder. Die kommersi¨ele gebruike van die Hoorbare QR-Kode word bespreek, so ook moontlike kompetisie en die voordele wat die Hoorbare QR-kode besit bo die tradisionele visuele QR-kode.

Thesis (M.A. (Translation studies and linguistics)) --University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2010 / The researcher was motivated to conduct this research because there is a prevalence (high rate) use of code-switching among high school learners, teachers and students in tertiary institutions as well as in Xitsonga texts. This was observed by evaluating selected Xitsonga literature or text books with the aim of investigating why characters in the text books use code-switching as a conversational strategy. Based on the research findings, it became evident that characters/speakers switch because they have a lack of language proficiency, in their language or the target language. Their switch appears to be influenced by their statuses, the lack of equivalent words, the situations they find themselves in and the urge to be socially accepted by their peers. It is recommended that speakers need to learn their language adequately in order to communicate effectively without having to switch

In this thesis, we design a robust concatenated code for the Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) system in the presence of slow Rayleigh fading with no channel side information at the transmitter (no CSIT) and perfect channel side information at the receiver (perfect CSIR). Since we are interested in the slow fading channel, outage capacity is used as the measure of performance. Good space-time codes can be designed so as to maximize the so-called rank and the determinant criteria. However, a practical system will concatenate a space-time code with an outer code at the transmitter and perform iterative decoding at the receiver. It is necessary to design the space-time code together with the outer code in practice. We will call this kind of code a concatenated space-time code. At the transmitter, we will consider the bit-to-symbol mapping and space-time code together as a space-time modulator and thus, Bit Interleaved Coded Modulation (BICM) and Multilevel coding (ML) can be applied to design outer codes for the nonbinary constellation. However, the concatenated space-time codes designed by these two methods can only be decoded with arbitrarily small error probability for a fixed channel realization and such designs are not robust over the ensemble of fading channels. Our approach of designing concatenated space-time code is to design an outer code for a space-time modulator such that the concatenated space-time code can be decoded with arbitrarily small error probability in a set of fixed channels which have the same capacity. Through this approach, we discovered a new design criterion for spacetime codes: a good space-time code should stabilize its Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) charts. In other words, the robustness of a space-time code in the slow fading channel and its performance in iterative decoding can be visualized by the EXIT charts. The rank and the determinant criterion do not evaluate the performance of a space-time code in iterative decoding, but the new criterion does. Therefore, the new criterion is applicable to design concatenated space-time codes. Applying our approach and new criterion, a rate 7.2 bits/s/Hz concatenated space-time code is designed. The performance is close to the outage capacity, and the rate lost is 0.2 bits/s/Hz.

The first topic of this thesis is to carry out a multi-symbol codec (encoder-decoder) design for interfacing variable-length and fixed-length data conversion of H.263. The poor memory efficient of the variable-length can be avoided while its advantages can be reserved. The proposed codec converts variable-length symbols to fixed-length packets which can be decoded parallelly. The basic idea is to encode extra symbols in the redundant bits of the fixed-length packets. This encoding scheme relaxes the intrinsic poor compression rate of the prior fixed-length data codec. The second topic is a synthesizable Verilog code generator for the mentioned multi-symbol codec. According to different requirements and constraints of encoding bit rate, the generator can provide several different kinds of encoding modes by selecting proper parameters. Each codec generated by the generator is synthesizable by thorough simulations.

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