In Tokamak department of Institute of Plasma Physics, radiation of high-temperature plasma is investigated using spectroscopic methods in visible, ultraviolet and infrared regions. The radiation gives information regarding tokamak plasma parameters and their changes, which is necessary for future realization of fusion reactor. In the frame of this doctoral thesis the development of spectroscopic diagnostics for observing of plasma radiation and its temporal evolution in COMPASS tokamak was performed. The absolute calibration of developed systems in order to recalculate measured signal to units of radiation was done. The sources of imprecisions of absolute measurements in tokamak conditions are properly discussed in the first part of the dissertation. Plasma radiation in the range 257-1083 nm was measured and interpreted using NIST database and FLYCHK code. Ion density for the most significant impurities was estimated. IDL code for effective ion charge estimation as a ratio of real and hydrogen plasma Bremsstrahlung radiation near 523 nm was developed. Profiles of electron density and temperature measured by Thomson scattering system were used for hydrogen plasma Bremsstrahlung radiation calculations. The example of applying of spectroscopic data for studying of COMPASS plasma heating using neutral beam...

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This graduation thesis deals with the analysis of physical activities of primary school pupils in České Budějovice. The research was conducted by questionnaire survey at three primary schools through a standardized anonymously registered sociological questionnaire COMPASS II. Questionnaire survey which was subject to a total of 284 pupils in the 6th and 9th grades was conducted during November 2014. Based on answered questionnaires we were able to determine the structure of leisure time physical activities, which are nowadays popular among primary school students. Where these activities are most often realised and as well other valuable information regarding physical activities. The results of the survey where graphically evaluated and described in detail in the practical part of this paper. The theoretical part is dedicated to physical activities and health problems that arise due to the lack of these activities and, last but not least, we also describe ontogenetic development of primary school pupils.

The thesis is focused on leisure-time activities structure of high school students, with an emphasis on physical activity. In the theoretical part are elaborated chapters concerning the definition of leisure-time, physical activity and adolescence, describes negative impacts of hypokinesia and presents the basic information about procject COMPASS. The researsch study is focused on physical activities of adolescents in their leisure-time context. The data found from respondents (n=425) was registred via stadardized sociological questionnaire COMPASS. The aim of the study was find out gender and age differences in the structure of leisure-time physical activities of high school students. The results shows, that almost 85% of adolescents regulary participate in at least one sport or another type of physical activity in leisure time. Gender has bigger influence on differences in the leisure-time structure than the age. This study shows that physical activities are substantial part of leisure-time of adolescents.

Cette thèse présente une nouvelle étude ayant pour but de contraindre la contribution du gluon au spin 1/2 du nucléon. Cette analyse se place dans le cadre théorique de la pQCD colinéaire pour calculer des asymétries de section efficaces pour des hadrons inclusifs à grande impulsion transverse (pT>1 GeV/c) dans le régime de photoproduction quasi-réel (Q^2<1 GeV^2). Ces calculs sont réalisés jusqu'à NLO (Next-to-Leading Order) avec une inclusion prévue de resommation des gluons au seuil jusqu'à NLL (texit{Next-to-Leading Logarithm}), qui n'est pour l'instant fait que pour le cas non-polarisé. Cela rend les asymétries sensibles non seulement à la fusion photon-gluon ("gamma^* g") mais aussi à des processus de photon résolu tel que "q g" ou "g g".La mesure des asymétries est réalisée pour toutes les données de COMPASS de 2002 à 2011 avec un faisceau de muons polarisés à 160-200 GeV diffusé sur une cible de deuterium (LiD de 2002 à 2006) ou de proton (NH3 pour 2007 et 2011). Ces asymétries sont présentées en fonction de pT et de la pseudorapidité eta (pT dans [1,4] avec <pT^2> = 3 (GeV/c)^2, et eta dans [-0.1,2.4]).Les calculs de resommation n'étant pas terminés pour le cas polarisé, les mesures sont seulement comparés aux calculs théoriques en utilisant différents jeux de parametrisations de fonctions de distribution de parton polarisées ayant des valeurs de DeltaG assez étendues. Ces comparaisons sont ensuite utilisées pour évaluer le DeltaG des mesures.De façon complémentaire à cette analyse, une étude sur de nouveaux détecteurs, les pixel Micromegas, servant à pister le passage des particules, a été réalisée. Après certaines calibrations, ces détecteurs montrent des résultats prometteurs aussi bien en terme d'éfficacité qu'en terme de résolution temporelle et spatiale. / This thesis presents a new study aiming at constraining the gluon contribution DeltaG to the 1/2 nucleon spin. The collinear pQCD theoretical framework, on which it is based, deals with asymmetries calculated from cross-sections for single inclusive hadron in the regime of quasi-real photoproduction (Q^2<1 GeV^2) at high hadron transverse momentum (pT>1 GeV/c). These calculations are done up to Next-to-Leading order with a foreseen inclusion of Next-to-Leading logarithm threshold gluon resummation, only performed for the unpolarised cross-sections yet. This makes the asymmetries sensitive to the gluon polarisation not only through Photon Gluon Fusion ("gamma^* g") but also through resolved photon processes such as "q g" or "g g".The measurement of the asymmetries is performed for all the COMPASS data available from 2002 to 2011 with a polarised muon beam at 160-200 GeV scattered off a longitudinally polarised target of deuteron (LiD for 2002-2006) or proton (NH3 for 2007 and 2011). The asymmetries are presented in bins of pT and of pseudorapidity eta (p_T in [1,4]$ with <p_T^2> = 3 (GeV/c)^2, and eta in [-0.1,2.4]).Since the resummation calculations are not completed yet for the polarised case, the measurements are only compared with theoretical calculations using different parametrisation sets of polarised Parton Distribution Functions with a large range of different DeltaG. This comparison is then used to evaluate the DeltaG of these measurements.Complementary to this analysis, a study of new tracking detectors, the pixelised Micromegas, is performed. After calibration, it shows promising efficiencies and time and spatial resolutions.

The widespread use of navigation devices is increasing rapidly. This all becomes possible mainly due to increased development of hardware, for instance increased computing power (e.g. microcontroller, GPS, Compass) and software. The Handheld Navigation (HNS) is one of the navigation techniques. It is used in different fields. Just like any-other means of navigation, it is used to determine the position and direction of the user accurately and find the shortest track with precision. Global Positioning System (GPS) is a technology that can be used to determine position coordinates, time, speed and course over ground. The electronic compass is a traditional device that is used to determine the current directional angle of the user. The goal of the thesis is to compare the results of directions angle and distance from two designs (direction’s angle and distance are calculated based upon information from GPS receiver and the other direction’s angle and distance are calculated based upon information from GPS receiver and Compass). In the thesis, we have developed dual designs to achieve the goal of the thesis. The first design uses the GPS receiver coordinates to calculate the direction angle and distance, the second design integrates the GPS positioning and the digital compass, to calculate the direction and distance of Handheld Navigation user. Each device communicates with the microcontroller through the interfaces. As there are two designs. Directional results are obtained from each design. Then these results are compared with each other. After comparison, the more accurate result is chosen for the user. A Handheld Navigation PCB board design has been made. In addition SD card and LCD display are used. Both designs have been carried out on Altera Cyclone II FPGAs. The result of the prototyping shows, that the best design for Handheld Navigation System is the design that consists of GPS and Compass because the compass sensing is stable depending on the magnetic north while the previous design depends on calculated direction on movement and then also on the speed of movement. / Handhållna navigationssystem för satellitnavigering, GPS, har blivit allt vanligare. Vid navigation måste man känna till riktningen till målet men också i vilken riktning navigationsutrustningen pekar eftersom detta utgör referens för att beräkna korrigeringar. Om navigationsutrustningen rör sig med en viss hastighet så kan rörelseriktningen beräknas från ett antal på varandra följande positions- koordinater. Denna metod fungerar bra i t.ex. ett fordon som rör sig med en rimlig hastighet. Om systemet skall användas av en person som går så uppstår problem. Personen kan stanna upp och vrida runt i olika riktningar. Då finns då inga bra tidigare koordinater för att beräkna rörelseriktningen dvs. hur navigationssystemet pekar. När personen sedan rör sig i en viss riktning så måste systemet förflyttas en viss sträcka innan riktningen kan beräknas. Längden på den sträcka som krävs påverkas också av noggrannheten hos koordinatbestämningen. GPS- systemet har en icke försumbar osäkerhet på ett antal meter. Om en elektronisk kompass används för att bestämma hur navigationssystemet pekar så försvinner kravet på att systemet måste förflyttas för att kunna bestämma sin riktning. I detta examensarbete har ett GPS baserat navigationssystem utvecklats för att kunna jämföra system baserade på enbart GPS med sådana som har också en elektronisk kompass. Ett utvecklingskort för programmerbar logik har använts som plattform. Kortets FPGA-krets innehåller både processor, Nios-II soft core, och interface mot givare och minnen. Resultaten från testerna visar, inte helt oväntat, att ett system med kompass ger en säkrare navigation och en kortare väg mellan start och mål. Detta gäller främst när det finns hinder i vägen.

Diss.--Universität Basel. / Bibliography: p. 7-34.

In the first part of this thesis, the design of a compass robot is explored by considering its components and their interaction with each other. Three components including robot's structure, gear and motor are interacting during design process to achieve better performance, higher stability and lower cost. In addition, the modeling of the system is upgraded by considering the torque-velocity constraint in the motor. Adding this constraint of DC motor make the interaction of different components more complicated since it affects the gear and walking dynamics. After achieving the design method, different actuators (motor+ gear+ batteries) are selected for a given structure and the their performance is compared in the terms of cost, efficiency and their effect on the walking stability. In the second part of the thesis, structural optimization of the compass robot with stability constraint is investigated. The stability of a compass robot as a hybrid system is analyzed by Poincare map. Including stability analysis in the optimization process, makes it very complicated. In addition, the objective function of the system has to be evaluated in the convergent limit cycle. Different methods are examined to solve this problem. Limit cycle convergence is the best solution among the existing methods. By adding convergence constraint to the optimization, in addition of making the stability analysis valid, it helps the optimization estimates the correct objective function in each iteration. Finally, the optimization process is improved in two steps. The first step is using a predictive model in the optimization which covers the stable domain so that one does not need to check the stability of walking in each iteration. The Support Vector Domain Description (SVDD) approach which is applied to establish the stable domain, improve the decreases the optimization time. Another important step to upgrade the optimization is developing a computational algorithm which obtains the convergent limit cycle and its fixed-point in a short time. This algorithm speeds up the optimization time tremendously and allows the optimization search in a broader area. Combining SVDD approach in combination with Fixed-Point Finder Algorithm improve the optimization in the terms of time and broader area for search.

University, Diss., 2004--Bielefeld.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2004--München.