Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-10-16T18:43:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Felipe Martins Cordeiro de Mello.pdf: 3086568 bytes, checksum: a0ef07009412e60bba5d202f649f3f0f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-16T18:43:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Felipe Martins Cordeiro de Mello.pdf: 3086568 bytes, checksum: a0ef07009412e60bba5d202f649f3f0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-21 / MacArthur Foundation / In their origins, and especially from the point of view of conservation biology, ecological corridors were defined as portions of natural or semi-natural - restored - ecosystems that connected forest fragments, located generally in protected areas, in order to enable among them the movement of the biota and thus the gene flow. It should be noted a dual function: to both facilitate the dispersion of species and recolonization of degraded areas, and ensure the maintenance of populations that require, for their survival, natural areas with greater extent of that contained in protected areas considered separately. This initial concept, strictly biological imprint, acquired an interdisciplinary character when incorporated the socio-cultural and economic dimensions giving rise to the concept of Biodiversity Corridor. It corresponds to a large area of extreme biological importance, consisting of a network of protected areas interspersed with varying degrees of human occupation or different forms of land use, in which the management is integrated to ensure the survival of all species the maintenance of ecological and evolutionary processes and the development of a strong regional economy. This is a proposal for spatial planning to plan conservation actions on a regional scale and involving different sectors of society. Within this perspective, several international and national initiatives are being put into practice using as basis the concept of connectivity. In Australia the government created the National Wildlife Corridors and is implementing, on a continental scale, actions to restore connectivity. In the Mesoamerican region an initiative involving eight countries - the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor - has achieved good conservation outcomes which influenced one of these countries - Costa Rica - to implement the National Biological Corridors as one of the bases of its environmental policy. In Brazil, where the concepts of connectivity and corridors have been implemented for over almost two decades, important advances have been recorded. In the state of Esp?rito Santo, for example, actions to implement the Central Corridor of the Atlantic are running and bringing direct benefits to the stakeholders. This study aimed to evaluate different initiatives of biodiversity corridors around the world and in Brazil doing a critical analysis of the successes and difficulties encountered and suggesting recommendations to contribute to the improvement of the same. / Em seus origens e, sobretudo, do ponto de vista da conserva??o biol?gica, os Corredores Ecol?gicos foram definidos como por??es de ecossistemas naturais ou seminaturais ?restaurados-, que ligam remanescentes florestais, localizados, em geral, em Unidades de Conserva??o, com objetivo de possibilitar entre eles o movimento da biota e, consequentemente, o fluxo de genes. Salienta-se assim uma dupla fun??o: tanto facilitar a dispers?o de esp?cies e a recoloniza??o de ?reas degradadas, como assegurar a manuten??o de popula??es que demandam para sua sobreviv?ncia ?reas naturais com extens?o maior de aquela contida em Unidades de Conserva??o consideradas separadamente. Esse conceito inicial, de cunho estritamente biol?gico, adquiriu um car?ter interdisciplinar quando incorporou as dimens?es socioculturais e econ?micas dando origem ao conceito de Corredor de Biodiversidade. Ele corresponde a uma grande ?rea de extrema import?ncia biol?gica, composta por uma rede de unidades de conserva??o entremeadas por ?reas com variados graus de ocupa??o humana ou diferentes formas de uso da terra, na qual o manejo ? integrado para garantir a sobreviv?ncia de todas as esp?cies, a manuten??o de processos ecol?gicos e evolutivos e o desenvolvimento de uma economia regional forte. Trata-se de uma proposta de ordenamento territorial de modo a planejar a??es de conserva??o em uma escala regional e envolvendo diversos setores da sociedade. Dentro dessa ?tica, v?rias iniciativas internacionais e nacionais est?o sendo postas em pr?ticas utilizando como base, o conceito de conectividade. Na Austr?lia o governo criou o Plano Nacional de Corredores da Vida Selvagem e vem implementando, em escala continental, a??es para restaura??o da conectividade. Na regi?o Mesoamericana uma iniciativa que envolve oito pa?ses ? o Corredor Biol?gico Mesoamericano ? vem alcan?ando bons resultados de conserva??o o que influenciou um desses pa?ses ? a Costa Rica ? a implementar o Programa Nacional de Corredores Biol?gicos como uma das bases de sua pol?tica ambiental. No Brasil, aonde os conceitos de conectividade e de corredores v?m sendo implementados ao longo de quase duas d?cadas, importantes avan?os tem sido registrados. No estado do Esp?rito Santo, por exemplo, a??es para implanta??o do Corredor Central da Mata Atl?ntica est?o sendo executadas e trazendo benef?cios diretos para as partes envolvidas. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar diferentes iniciativas de corredores de biodiversidade ao redor do mundo e no Brasil fazendo uma an?lise cr?tica dos ?xitos alcan?ados e das dificuldades encontradas e sugerindo recomenda??es visando contribuir para o aprimoramento das mesmas.

L’accouchement prématuré est l’un des problèmes majeurs en obstétrique. Par suite, il a été un sujet d'intérêt pour de nombreux chercheurs. Parmi les nombreuses méthodes utilisées pour enregistrer la contractilité utérine, le plus utilisé est l'EHG abdominal, comme étant un outil facile à utiliser et non invasif. De nombreuses études ont indiqué que l'utilisation de ce signal pourrait être un outil très puissant pour surveiller la grossesse et pour détecter le travail. Il permet en effet d'accéder à l'utérus ainsi que la synchronisation de l'activité utérine, en utilisant des signaux multiples. Il a été démontré que l'analyse de connectivité des signaux EHG a donné des résultats prometteurs en application clinique, comme la classification des contractions de travail et de grossesse. Cependant, dans presque toutes les études antérieures, les matrices de corrélation EHG étaient souvent réduites en ne gardant que leur moyenne et les écarts-types, ce qui a peut aboutir à perdre des informations pertinentes en raison de ce moyennage, ce qui peut induire le taux de classification relativement faible jusqu'à présent. Pour caractériser précisément la matrice de corrélation et quantifier la connectivité associée, nous avons proposé dans cette thèse d'utiliser une technique de mesure de réseau basée sur la théorie des graphes. Selon cette approche, la matrice de corrélation obtenue peut être représentée sous forme de graphiques constitués d'un ensemble de nœuds (électrodes) interconnectés par des arêtes (valeurs de connectivité / corrélation entre électrodes). La nouvelle procédure de l'analyse des signaux EHG enregistrés pendant la grossesse et le travail se base sur la caractérisation de la corrélation entre les activités électriques utérines et sur sa quantification précise en utilisant l'approche de la théorie des graphes. Le pipeline de traitement inclut i) l'estimation des dépendances statistiques entre les différents signaux EHG enregistrés, ii) la quantification des matrices de connectivité obtenues à l'aide de l'analyse théorique des graphes et iii) l'utilisation clinique des mesures de réseau pour la surveillance de la grossesse ainsi que la classification entre les éclosions d'EHG de grossesse et de travail. Une comparaison avec les paramètres déjà existants utilisés pour la détection du travail et la détection d’accouchement prématuré sera également effectuée. Nous étudions également une nouvelle méthode pour étudier la connectivité source EHG, afin de surmonter le problème du calcul de la connectivité au niveau de la surface abdominale. Les résultats de cette thèse montrent que cette approche basée sur la théorie de graphe est un outil très prometteur pour quantifier la synchronisation utérine, lorsqu'elle est appliquée à l'abdomen, pour une meilleure surveillance de la grossesse. Nous espérons que cette approche soit utilisée pour le suivi de la grossesse et contribuerait ainsi à la prédiction précoce de l’accouchement prématuré. / Preterm birth remains a major problem in obstetrics. Therefore, it has been a topic of interest for many researchers. Among the many methods used to record the uterine contractility, the most used is the abdominal EHG, as being an easy to use and a non-invasive tool. Many studies have reported that the use of this signal could be a very powerful tool to monitor pregnancy and to detect labor. It indeed permits to access the uterine as well as the synchronization of the uterine activity, by using multiple signals. It has been shown that the connectivity analysis gave promising results when using EHG recordings in clinical application, such as the classification labor/pregnancy contractions. However, in almost all previous studies EHG correlation matrices were often reduced keeping only their mean and standard deviations thus relevant information may have been missed due to this averaging, which may induce the relatively low classification rate reported so far. To characterize precisely the correlation matrix and quantify the associated connectivity, we proposed in this thesis to use a network measure technique based on graph theory. According to this approach, the obtained correlation matrix can be represented as graphs consisting of a set of nodes (electrodes) interconnected by edges (connectivity/correlation values between electrodes). The new framework, to analyze the EHG signals recorded during pregnancy and labor, is based on the characterization of the correlation between the uterine electrical activities and on its precise quantification by using graph theory approach. The processing pipeline includes i) the estimation of the statistical dependencies between the different recorded EHG signals, ii) the quantification of the obtained connectivity matrices using graph theory-based analysis and iii) the clinical use of network measures for pregnancy monitoring as well as for the classification between pregnancy and labor EHG bursts. A comparison with the already existing parameters used in the state of the art for labor detection and preterm labor prediction will also be performed. We also investigate a new method to study the EHG source connectivity, to overcome the problem of computing the connectivity at the abdominal surface level. The results of this thesis showed that this network-based approach is a very promising tool to quantify uterine synchronization, when applied at the abdominal level, for a better pregnancy monitoring. We expect this approach to be further used for the monitoring of pregnancy and would thus help for the early prediction of preterm labor.

A importância do Cerrado é devido a sua diversidade biológica e alto grau de endemismo, e demanda uma maior compreensão das formas de interação entre seus componentes. Atualmente, encontramos parte de sua estrutura original modificada pelo intenso processo de urbanização e pelo aprimoramento das práticas de agricultura intensiva. Por isso, uma relevante ferramenta disponível para o estudo qualitativo deste bioma são as estimativas de conectividade funcional, que consiste em quanto o ambiente facilita ou impede o movimento de organismos e propágulos entre as manchas de recursos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a conectividade funcional para a abelha sem ferrão Scaptotrigona depilis em dois fragmentos florestais periurbanos de Cerrado, na cidade de Ribeirão Preto/SP, região com grande relevância ambiental e formada por mosaicos heterogêneos de vegetação nativa, com diferentes graus de fragmentação. Para tanto, realizamos a translocação, a diferentes distâncias, de 2348 indivíduos forrageiros através de dois fragmentos de floresta estacional semidecidual, e em suas respectivas matrizes. O registro do retorno às suas colônias dos indivíduos translocados, e respectivos tempos, nos permitiu avaliar as taxas de sucesso em função da distância através da análise de sobrevivência de Cox, em conjunto à fatores como tipos de ambiente, temperatura, umidade e exposição solar. Modelos de regressão de Cox, comparados através de AIC, apontaram a temperatura como principal fator de influência, reduzindo a taxa de sucesso de retorno, de acordo com seu aumento em graus Celsius. Os tipos de ambientes, distância e umidade, também exerceram influência inversamente proporcional em relação às taxas de sucesso de retorno, reduzindo seus valores conforme estas variáveis aumentavam. Entretanto, as análises de variância da temperatura e umidade apontaram haver diferenças significativas entre os diferentes locais. Estas análises corroboraram a temperatura como principal variável de influência, e sugerem que as diferenças verificadas se devem às características de cada local. Desta forma, identificamos que diferentes tipos de uso e cobertura do solo influenciam diretamente os fatores ambientais como temperatura e umidade e, assim como a distância, impactam o retorno de indivíduos de S. depilis nestas paisagens. Isso nos sugere que, para ampliarmos estratégias de conservação baseadas nos processos ecológicos que desempenham, devemos utilizar alternativas que busquem uma maior arborização da matriz como forma de amenizar temperaturas muito elevadas, bem como uma redução das distâncias entre os fragmentos, que permita uma maior conectividade funcional do ambiente. / The importance of Cerrado due to its biological diversity and high level of endemism demands a greater understanding of the forms of interaction between its components. Currently, we find part of its original structure modified by the intense urbanization process and the increase of intensive farming practices. Therefore, a relevant tool available for the qualitative study of this biome are the estimates of functional connectivity, which consists of how much the environment facilitates or prevents the movement of organisms and propagules between resource patches. The objective of this work was to estimate the functional connectivity for the stingless bee Scaptotrigona depilis in two peri-urban forest fragments of Cerrado, in the city of Ribeirão Preto / SP, a region with great environmental relevance and composed of heterogeneous mosaics of native vegetation, with different levels of fragmentation. For this, we performed the translocation, at different distances, of 2348 individuals through two fragments of semideciduous seasonal forest, and in their respective matrices. The recording of the return of translocated individuals to their colonies, and their respective times, allowed us to evaluate the success rates as a function of distance through the Cox survival analysis, together with factors such as environment, temperature, humidity and sun exposure. Cox regression models, compared through AIC, pointed to temperature as the main influence factor, reducing the rate of return success, according to its increase in degrees Celsius. The types of sites, distance and humidity also had an inverse proportional influence on the success rates of return, reducing their values as these variables increased. However, analyzes of variance of temperature and humidity indicated that there were significant differences between the different sites. These analyzes corroborate temperature as the main influence variable, and suggest that the differences verified are due to the characteristics of each site. In this way, we identify that different types of land use and cover directly influence environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, as well as distance, which impacts the return of S. depilis individuals in these landscapes. This suggests that, in order to expand conservation strategies based on the ecological processes they perform, we must use alternatives that seek higher arboreal cover of the matrix as a way of mitigating very high temperatures, as well as a reduction of the distances between the fragments, allowing a higher connectivity of the environment.

This paper introduces the American Library Association’s award (Batchelder) for most outstanding children’s book originally published in a language other than English in a country other than the United States, and subsequently translated into English for publication in the United States, to encourage American publishers, librarians, and booksellers to seek out superior children’s books abroad and to promote communication among the peoples of the world. The purpose of the introduction is to share our philosophy, supported by theory, as to the need for young people to read and respond to intimate, literary, and thematic stories from other cultures and countries in order to develop into empathetic international citizens. Such philosophy relates to the scholarly contentions of Carl Tomlinson, author of “Children’s Books From Other Countries”; Mildred Batchelder, the consummate former director of the American Library Services for Children division of the ALA, after whom the award is named; and Louise Rosenblatt, well-known reader response theorist. Specifically, a discussion of these theorists’ perspectives will reveal sharing Batchelder books, rather than just factual websites or textbook information about the peoples and places on our globe, helps young people build a foundation of international understanding; brings the experiences of young people in other countries to life, revealing “living, breathing” individuals and diminishing stereotypes; and assists in raising awareness as to how each member of the international community may benefit, one from the other. The authors’ method will be to discuss and summarize several significant Batchelder titles, also providing suggestions for curricular, reader-response tie-ins associated with each title, presenting librarians with myriad means by which these treasured books may be shared with young people. The activities suggested will heavily consider Rosenblatt’s “mirror to window” and aesthetic reader response assertions. Hopefully, both librarians and booksellers will become knowledgeable of the award titles and work to collect and stock, respectively, these international treasures in libraries and stores, right along with Newbery and Caldecott titles, hence adopting the role of creating internationally aware readers and citizens within our diverse and multicultural world. The implications of such awareness are significant at both a micro and macro level. First, at the micro level, engaged students, reading about and connecting to “exotic” children from cultures other than their own, will strengthen reading fluency and language arts skills. The distinctive, differing styles and points-of-view in these texts will assist in the understanding of literary elements, while also, on a human rather than textbook level, disclosing major world issues of both the past and present. Additionally, the internationalization of curricula will be enhanced if librarians are aware of the proposed methods. At the macro level, the titles serve to nurture the value of international understanding and respect amongst peoples of the world, develop humane and supportive world citizens, and confirm humanity’s universal experiences, overshadowing differences and conflicts.

Ubiquitous connectivity plays an important role in improving the quality of life in terms of economic development, health and well being, social justice and equity, as well as in providing new educational opportunities. However, rural communities which account for 46% of the world's population lacks access to proper connectivity to avail such societal benefits, creating a huge "digital divide" between the urban and rural areas. A primary reason is that the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) providers have less incentives to invest in rural areas due to lack of promising revenue returns. Existing research and industrial attempts in providing connectivity to rural communities suffer from severe drawbacks, such as expensive wireless spectrum licenses and infrastructures, under- and over-provisioning of spectrum resources while handling heterogeneous traffic, lack of novel wireless technologies tailored to the unique challenges and requirements of rural communities (e.g., agricultural fields). Leveraging the recent advances in Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) technologies like wide band spectrum analyzers and spectrum access systems, and multi-radio access technologies (multi-RAT), this dissertation proposes a novel Diverse Band-aware DSA (d-DSA) network architecture, that addresses the drawbacks of existing standard and DSA wireless solutions, and extends ubiquitous connectivity to rural communities; a step forward in the direction of the societal and economic improvements in rural communities, and hence, narrowing the "digital divide" between the rural and urban societies. According to this paradigm, a certain wireless device is equipped with software defined radios (SDRs) that are capable of accessing multiple (un)licensed spectrum bands, such as, TV, LTE, GSM, CBRS, ISM, and possibly futuristic mmWaves. In order to fully exploit the potential of the d-DSA paradigm, while meeting heterogeneous traffic demands that may be generated in rural communities, we design efficient routing strategies and optimization techniques, which are based on a variety of tools such as graph modeling, integer linear programming, dynamic programming, and heuristic design. Our results on realistic traces in a large variety of rural scenarios show that the proposed techniques are able to meet the heterogeneous traffic requirements of rural applications, while ensuring energy efficiency and robustness of the architecture for providing connectivity to rural communities.

Social networks play a significant role in adolescent decision making, specifically when it comes to dietary outcomes. This study, granted by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), assessed the connectivity of these social networks and the impact they have on fruit and vegetable, added sugar and sugar sweetened beverage consumption. Additionally, the relationship between shopping companionship and dietary choices was studied. Positive and negative associations were found among adolescents who shop with parents or friends. It was also found that those adolescents with greater social network cohesion were found to have more negative dietary outcomes. Divulging further into the relationships within adolescent social networks may improve fruit and vegetable and decrease added sugar consumption within rural communities.

Understanding migratory connectivity is essential for assessing the drivers behind population dynamics and for implementing effective management in migratory species. Genetic markers provide a means to describe migratory connectivity, as well as incorporate population genetic analyses, however genetic markers can be uninformative for species with weak genetic structure. In this study, we evaluate range-wide population genetic structure and migratory connectivity in the prothonotary warbler, Protonotaria citrea, a wetland-dependent neotropical migratory songbird, using high-resolution genetic markers. We reveal regional genetic structure between sampling sites in the Mississippi River Valley and the Atlantic Seaboard with overall weak genetic differentiation among populations (FST = 0.0051). By ranking loci by FST and using subsets of the most differentiated genetic markers (200 – 3000), we identify a maximum assignment accuracy (89.7% to site, 94.3% to region) using 600 single nucleotide polymorphisms. We assign samples from unknown origin nonbreeding sites to a breeding region, illustrating weak migratory connectivity between prothonotary warbler breeding and nonbreeding grounds. Our results highlight the importance of using high-resolution markers in studies of migratory connectivity with species exhibiting weak genetic structure. Using similar techniques, studies may begin to describe population genetic structure that was previously undocumented, allowing us to infer the migratory patterns of an increasing number of species.

Considering 91 countries with seaports, this study conducted an empirical inquiry into the broader economic contribution of seaborne trade, from a port infrastructure quality and logistics performance perspective. Investment in quality improvement of port infrastructure and its contribution to economy are often questioned by politicians, investors and general public. A structural equation model (SEM) is used to provide empirical evidence of significant economic impacts of port infrastructure quality and logistics performance. Furthermore, analysis of a multi-group SEM is performed by dividing countries into developed and developing economy groups. The results reveal that it is vital for developing countries to continuously improve the quality of port infrastructure as it contributes to better logistics performance, leading to higher seaborne trade, yielding higher economic growth. However, this association weakens as the developing countries become richer.

A Freshman Academy's Influence on Student Connectivity, Attendance, and Academic Achievement by Nancy O. LoPresti MA, Montclair State University 2005 MAT, Marygrove College, 2002 BA, Kean University 1981 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Walden University June 2017

L’emprise de la lumière artificielle s’étend de manière importante et rapide à travers le monde entier et est en train de changer le paysage nocturne menaçant ainsi une large part des écosystèmes. L’augmentation des niveaux de lumière la nuit entraîne une perturbation du rythme circadien et par là une modification des comportements des espèces nocturnes mais aussi diurnes et des interactions entre espèces. Malgré l’importance de l’enjeu que représente la pollution lumineuse, le manque de connaissances dans le domaine limite la création de réglementations pour réduire l’impact de l’éclairage nocturne sur la biodiversité. Il est donc urgent d’apporter des éléments concrets pour construire des recommandations et des outils d’évaluation à destination des gestionnaires du territoire.Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier l’impact de la pollution lumineuse sur la faune nocturne à deux échelles paysagères afin de préconiser des méthodes d’évaluation et de gestion de l’éclairage artificiel. Nous avons utilisé les chauves-souris comme modèle d’étude car elles sont longévives et nocturnes et donc fortement affectées par la pollution lumineuse. De plus, il a été montré que les tendances de leurs populations tendent à refléter celles d’espèces plus basses dans la chaîne trophique, les rendant ainsi d’autant plus sensibles aux pressions anthropiques. Dans un premier temps, nous avons étudié l’effet de la pollution lumineuse à l’échelle de villes, une échelle paysagère en cohérence à la fois avec les distances de déplacement des individus et avec une réalité de gestion de l’éclairage. Malgré que les espèces anthropophiles vivant toujours dans les grandes villes soient considérée comme bénéficiant de l’éclairage artificiel, ce travail a montré qu’à une échelle regroupant tous les aspects des déplacements quotidiens des individus, l’effet global de la lumière est négatif. De plus, bien qu’une part significative de la pollution lumineuse soit due à l’éclairage public de par sa permanence et son étende, l’étude montre que l’éclairage privé n’est pourtant pas à négliger. Au-delà d’un effet sur le niveau d’activité, la lumière artificielle peut avoir un effet de barrière dans le déplacement des individus et ainsi réduire la connectivité du paysage. Alors que les politiques environnementales sont en faveur du développement de corridors écologiques, la non-inclusion du facteur pollution lumineuse pourrait réduire significativement leur efficacité pour les espèces nocturnes. Un travail de modélisation mettant en lien des données biologiques d’activité avec des aspects paysagers mais aussi lumière a permis de construire des corridors adaptés pour les espèces nocturnes. Cela a aussi mené à des outils d’évaluation de scénarios d’éclairage qui peuvent être utilisés en amont d’aménagements afin de prédire l’impact d’un changement et de les adapter aux enjeux de biodiversité. A une échelle plus fine, il est nécessaire de comprendre quelles caractéristiques des points lumineux sont les plus pertinents à maîtriser afin de formuler des recommandations pour limiter l’impact sur la biodiversité. Nous avons mené une étude de terrain dans un espace protégé où les enjeux sur les chauves-souris sont d’autant plus importants que les espèces les plus sensibles à la lumière y sont protégées, ainsi que leurs habitats, à l’échelle européenne. En travaillant à l’interface entre urbanisation et habitats semi-naturels, nous avons pu montrer que c’est la quantité de lumière émise qui ont l’effet le plus notable. C’est donc ce paramètre sur lequel il faut travailler en priorité pour limiter l’impact de la lumière sur des zones pouvant servir de corridor ou de zone refuge aux espèces sensibles. / The spatial extent of artificial light is increasing rapidly and significantly on Earth surface hence changing the nocturnal lightscape and threatening an important part of ecosystems. The rise in nighttime light levels induces a perturbation of the circadian rhythm and thus a modification of nocturnal, but also some diurnal, species behavior and interactions between species. Despite the spread of light pollution being of major concern, the knowledge gaps in this field limit the creation of regulations to reduce the impact of nighttime lighting on biodiversity. Therefore it is urgent to produce clear and practical information to build tools and define recommendations for land managers. In this context, the aim of the PhD thesis is to study the impact of light pollution on nocturnal fauna through two spatial scales in order to propose methods to evaluate and manage artificial light. We used bats as a model species as they are long-lived and nocturnal and thus highly impacted by light pollution. In addition, it has been shown that their population trends tend to reflect those of species lower in the trophic chain which makes them even more sensitive to anthropic pressures. First, we studied the effect of light pollution within cities. This spatial scale is both coherent with bats distance of movement and with the reality of public lighting management. Although some urban-adapted species living within large cities are considered to benefit from artificial light, this work showed that, at a scale including all aspects of bats daily travels, light has a negative effect on bats activity level. Also, even if a large part of light pollution is due to public lighting, the results show that private lighting should not be neglected. Beyond the impact on bat activity, artificial light can have a barrier effect when individuals are transiting and thus reduce the landscape connectivity. Whereas environmental policies are promoting the development of ecological corridors, not considering light pollution could significantly reduce their efficiency for nocturnal species. Modelling the link between biological data and landscape variables including light level allowed us to build adapted corridors for nocturnal species. This lead to the development of a tool to evaluate lighting scenarios that could be used prior to the implementation of a lighting plan in order to predict the impact it would have and hence adapt it to the local biodiversity issues. At a finer scale, it is necessary to understand which light characteristics are the most relevant levers of actions to formulate recommendations to limit light pollution impact on biodiversity. We carried a field work experiment in a protected area where conservation issues on bat species are even higher as the species most sensitive to light are protected there, together with their habitat, at the EU level. We worked at the interface between urban and semi-natural areas and showed that the illuminance was the most important light characteristic. Hence it is on this parameters that regulations should be applied in priority to limit the impact of light on areas that could potentially be used as corridors or dark refuges for sensitive species.