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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

An examination of some physiological and instrumental parameters affecting the contraction of circulated mammalian muscle.

Geffen, Laurence Basil January 1963 (has links)
Thesis (Master of Science)--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, 1963. / The rapid progress of the last decade has made possible the synthesis of the molar and molecular approaches to the mechanism of muscle contraction. It is now possible to offer a molecular explanation for many of the gross mechanical properties of muscle. As a result there is a necessity to re-examine the validity of the classical terminology used to describe these properties, and to define them more accurately. Since Pick (1882), various "types” of contraction have been ascribed to muscle, according to the changes in length and tension of the activated muscle. These are dependent upon the load opposing the muscle. If the load is less than the force developed in the muscle, shortening occurs at a constant tension just exceeding the load. This process is termed isotonic contraction. If, on the other hand, the load is equal to the tension developed in the muscle,there is no overall change in length, although tension in the system rises. This constitutes an isometric contraction. Recently, studies of the ultra-structure and mechanical properties of muscle have revealed inherent difficulties in the classical terminology. / WHSLYP2017
22

Modulation of mammalian uterine contractility by tachykinins

Patak, Eva Nicole January 2003 (has links)
Abstract not available
23

Stretch signal and muscle state dependence of the tonic stretch reflex

Cathers, Ian, Electrical Engineering & Telecommunications, Faculty of Engineering, UNSW January 2000 (has links)
When active skeletal muscle is stretched, it generally responds with a contraction which resists the stretch. This response is termed the muscle stretch reflex. The size (gain) and timing (phase) of the response has been found to depend on many factors including the characteristics of the applied stretch, the muscle contraction level and the subject's intention. Investigations of this stretch reflex have often involved stretches to muscle which contained frequencies either beyond the range of voluntary movement or else which could be consciously tracked. This study sought to characterise the frequency response of the stretch reflex, in terms of its gain and phase, under a variety of conditions while using stretches to the muscle which were relevant to voluntary movement, yet which were too irregular to be tracked. The types of stretch which satisfied these criteria had first to be determined by an investigation of tracking performance under different conditions of peripheral feedback. Having established the types of stretch which could be used to guarantee reflex rather than voluntary responses, the stretch reflex was investigated using stretches of different amplitude and bandwidth and spanning the full range of contraction level. Research was also undertaken to determine whether the gain and phase of the reflex response could be decoupled from the background contraction level of the muscle and to examine any associated effects on the mechanical properties of the limb. Explanatory models for some of these reflex responses were developed. An interaction between normal physiological tremor and the stretch reflex response was also investigated.
24

Gender differences in muscle fatigue during isometric contraction /

Fadia, Tanvi N. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.E.S.)--University of Toledo, 2005. / Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science degree in Exercise Science." Bibliography: leaves 71-87.
25

Role of Mutations in the Essential Light Chain (ELC) of Myosin in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (FHC)

Raytman, Alexander 09 May 2011 (has links)
Force generation and the ability of the heart muscle to contract and correspondingly to beat depends upon multiple interactions between myosin and actin-tropomyosin-troponin, the key proteins of the contractile apparatus. The myosin molecule consists of two heavy chains and two types of light chains, two essential (ELC) and two regulatory (RLC) light chains. We hypothesize that mutations in myosin ELC may affect the ability of myosin to bind to actin, thus producing structurally and/or functionally abnormal sarcomeres effecting heart muscle contraction and relaxation. We believe that this pathological process underlies the basis of Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (FHC), a genetic disorder caused by mutations in the genes encoding the major myofilament proteins, including the myosin ELC. I have investigated the effects of two FHC ELC mutations, A57G and E143K, on the actin-myosin interaction and generation of contractile force. Here, I show evidence that mutations in the ELC may cause disruptions in sarcomeric structure which then may cause abnormal muscle contraction and lead to compensatory hypertrophy.
26

Improvement of signal-to-noise ratio in uterine EMG recordings.

Cheng, Lui 17 February 2005 (has links)
The objective of this study is to remove or, at least, reduce the noise in uterine EMG recordings, which at their present noise level render the data unusable. Predicting when true labor will start and recognizing when labor actually starts are important for both normal and complex pregnancies. For normal pregnancy, the prognosis of labor is important for reducing unnecessary hospital costs. About 10% of the four million babies born each year in the United States are born prematurely. At $1,500 a day for neonatal intensive care, this comprises national health care expenses of well over $5 billion. Spectral analysis, filter design, and 1/3 octave analysis were applied to analyze the uterine EMG recordings. Signal-to-noise ratio was increased with IIR Butterworth bandstop filter. The spectral band between 0.25 and 0.4 Hz shows matching of the Toco belt via spectral analysis. Nevertheless, 1/3 octave analysis gives the highest correct detection percentage compare with frequency analysis and filter design.
27

étude de la spécificité de la commande motrice et de sa régulation pendant différents types de contractions musculaires

Pasquet, Benjamin 07 September 2009 (has links)
Le but de cette dissertation doctorale était de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de contrôle tant centraux que périphériques qui sont à l’origine de la régulation neuromusculaire lors de mouvement impliquant des contractions de type excentrique. Lors d’une première étude réalisée sur le muscle jambier antérieur, nous avons montré qu’un exercice utilisant des contractions excentriques présentait une meilleure résistance à la fatigue que lorsque des contractions concentriques étaient impliquées puisque celui-ci conduit à une moindre diminution du couple de force et de l’activité électromyographique. L’absence de fatigue nerveuse centrale et l’observation d’un comportement spécifique du couple de force et de l’activité électromyographique lors de ces épreuves de fatigue semblait traduire la mise en jeu de processus périphériques différents. La plus grande fatigue observée lors de l’épreuve concentrique suggérait une activation plus importante que pour l’épreuve excentrique, dont les conséquences métaboliques renforcent les altérations du couplage excitation-contraction. Dans un second temps, nous avons étudié l’effet des modifications de longueur de fascicule du muscle jambier antérieur sur le comportement spécifique des unités motrices (ordre, fréquence et seuil de recrutement) lors de contractions isométriques. Nous avons ensuite analysé le comportement d’unités motrices selon les différentes modalités de contractions (concentrique vs. excentrique) sur ce même muscle. Pour y répondre, différentes techniques d’analyse ont été utilisées dont l’enregistrement électromyographique intramusculaire et l’ultrasonographie. Enfin, nous avons cherché à analyser l’évolution des différents mécanismes de régulation d’origine périphérique et /ou central susceptible de modifier l’excitabilité du pool de motoneurone lors de contractions concentriques et excentriques. Pour y répondre, les modulations d’une part, du réflexe de Hoffmann (réflexe H) par stimulation électrique et d’autre part, celles du potentiel moteur évoqué (MEP) par stimulation magnétique transcorticale, ont été investiguées. Ces réponses ont été enregistrées à différents angles de la plage articulaires étudiée lors des contractions concentriques et excentriques, ainsi qu’aux deux extrémités angulaires lors de contraction isométriques. Notre travail indique que l’ordre de recrutement des unités motrices entre les contractions concentriques et excentriques étant identique, le système nerveux n’utilise qu’une seule et même stratégie d’activation liée à la taille des motoneurones impliqués dans ces deux types de contractions. En outre, les contractions excentriques lorsqu’elles sont réalisées à vitesse constante, sont associées à une modulation spécifique de la fréquence de décharge des unités motrices. Ce comportement diffère de celui observé lors de contractions concentriques, malgré une modification linéaire et similaire de la longueur des fascicules et du couple de force au cours de ces deux tâches. Les modulations du recrutement des unités motrices semblent davantage dépendre de la longueur musculaire tandis que les modulations de fréquence prédominent pendant les contractions en raccourcissement. Ce comportement spécifique semble dépendant de mécanismes de régulation principalement localisés au niveau spinal. Ainsi, le degré d’inhibition des afférences fusoriales affectant le pool de motoneurones du muscle tibial antérieur lors de sollicitations actives du muscle, dépend davantage de l’angle articulaire et donc de la longueur du muscle plutôt que du mode de contraction. Lors de sollicitations isométriques, le retour sensoriel Ia est principalement contrôlé au niveau présynaptique en fonction de la longueur du muscle. Lors de sollicitations concentriques et excentriques, ces mécanismes présynaptiques réguleraient l'excitabilité spinale de manière similaire entre les deux modes. Néanmoins, bien que l'inhibition présynaptique soit probablement plus marquée lors des sollicitations excentriques, ce mode de contraction semble également régulé par des mécanismes d'inhibition intervenant au niveau postsynaptique tel que l'inhibition récurrente de Renshaw. Ce mécanisme localisé au niveau postsynaptique permettrait de réguler la fréquence de pulsation des unités motrices lors de sollicitations excentriques dans le but le faciliter l'exécution du mouvement. L'originalité de notre travail a été d’étudier le comportement d’une même unité dans les deux modes de contractions alors que la méthode d’analyse généralement adoptée consistait à comparer des populations d’unités motrices entre-elles. De plus, les changements de la longueur du muscle au cours du mouvement ainsi que les vitesses de raccourcissement ou d'allongement ont été estimés à partir de la mesure directe de la longueur des fascicules musculaires. Cette dernière présente l’avantage de fournir une information de longueur et de vitesse sur la portion de muscle à partir de laquelle les enregistrements d’unités motrices ont été obtenus. Enfin, étant donné les modulations possibles tant au niveau spinal que supraspinal des mécanismes nerveux mis en jeu, il semblait important d’analyser celles-ci pendant le mouvement et aux différents angles investigués. Cette précision méthodologique a permis d'élargir la discussion concernant les possibles modifications de la balance "excitation-inhibition" lors de sollicitations excentriques, qui, jusqu’à présent, n'avaient été analysées que pour un angle articulaire donné.
28

Regular Quantum Dynamics

Baugh, James Emory 01 December 2004 (has links)
The ill-posed problem of quantizing space-time is replaced by a more determined and well-posed problem of regularizing quantum dynamics. The problem is then to eliminate the Heisenberg singularity from quantum mechanics as economically as possible. The concepts of regular and singular groups are explained and the Heisenberg singularity defined. This singularity infests not only the theory of space-time, but also the Bose-Einstein statistics and the theory of the gauge fields and interactions. It is responsible for most of the infinities of present quantum field theory. The key new conceptual step is to turn attention from observables to "dynamicals", the observable-valued-functions of time which actually enters into the Heisenberg dynamical equations. The dynamicals have separate algebras from the algebra and Lie algebra of the observables. This reconception allows for the possibility of clock-system entanglement that is missing from the usual singular dynamics, and implied by the concept of quantum space-time. The dynamical Lie algebra and the resulting Lie group are regularized for an example system, the time-dependent isotropic harmonic oscillator of arbitrary finite dimension. The result is a quantize space-time, but also momentum-energy and every other dynamical variable in the theory. This method is readily extended to general dynamic quantum systems.
29

Improvement of signal-to-noise ratio in uterine EMG recordings.

Cheng, Lui 17 February 2005 (has links)
The objective of this study is to remove or, at least, reduce the noise in uterine EMG recordings, which at their present noise level render the data unusable. Predicting when true labor will start and recognizing when labor actually starts are important for both normal and complex pregnancies. For normal pregnancy, the prognosis of labor is important for reducing unnecessary hospital costs. About 10% of the four million babies born each year in the United States are born prematurely. At $1,500 a day for neonatal intensive care, this comprises national health care expenses of well over $5 billion. Spectral analysis, filter design, and 1/3 octave analysis were applied to analyze the uterine EMG recordings. Signal-to-noise ratio was increased with IIR Butterworth bandstop filter. The spectral band between 0.25 and 0.4 Hz shows matching of the Toco belt via spectral analysis. Nevertheless, 1/3 octave analysis gives the highest correct detection percentage compare with frequency analysis and filter design.
30

La contraction musculaire et les transformations de l'énergie thèse pour le doctorat en médecine présentée et soutenue le 23 juillet 1897 /

Pompilian, Mariette. January 2003 (has links)
Thèse : Médecine : Paris : 1897. / N° d'ordre : 622.

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